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辣椒茸毛性状的初步研究
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摘要
目前,茸毛性状的研究主要集中在棉花、番茄、茶叶等作物上面,为了探讨辣椒茸毛性状的遗传规律及其生理生化特性,加快茸毛性状的利用进程,本研究以有茸毛亲本、无茸毛亲本以及有茸毛×无茸毛的F_2群体为材料,采用田间鉴定和显微鉴定方法对F_2植株鉴定,并利用群分法(BSA)对该性状进行了RAPD分子标记,取得了以下结果:
     1、通过对辣椒有茸、无茸毛亲本及其杂交后代茸毛性状分析结果表明:茸毛性状是由一对显性基因控制且具有不完全显性遗传特征。
     2、辣椒茸毛从植株下部到上部逐渐增加,其不同部位茸毛密度大小依次为:幼茎(含生长点)>茎>叶脉>叶背>叶面>叶缘;茸毛一般由3~10个细胞组成,且茸毛长度是由组成茸毛的细胞数量决定的,茸毛长度与细胞个数的相关系数约为0.9。
     3、辣椒叶片组织中可溶性糖、蛋白质、脯氨酸、Vc含量、SOD及C/N比测定结果表明:有茸毛植株有较高的可溶性糖、SOD活性及C/N比,但其蛋白质、脯氨酸、Vc含量较低。
     4、本试验认为辣椒茸毛性状可以降低辣椒植株的蚜虫虫口密度和蚜虫增长倍数,减轻蚜虫对辣椒植株的危害。
     5、该试验的PCR扩增程序为:94℃预变性2min,然后94℃变性30s,36℃退火40s,72℃延伸70s,共40次循环,最后一个循环72℃延伸5min,然后4℃保存。每一反应体系的总体积为25μl,由10×PCR buffer 2.5μl,Taq酶(2U/μl)0.5μl,dNTPs(10μM)0.5μl,引物(8pmol/μl)1μl,模板DNA(25ng/μl)2μl,灭菌去离子水18.5μl组成。
     6、以有茸毛亲本、无茸毛亲本和有茸毛×无茸毛F2代群体126株植株为材料,利用集群分离分析法(BSA)进行茸毛基因定位,通过对280个随机引物的PCR扩增分析,发现20%的引物在亲本之间表现出多态性,找到了一个与茸毛基因紧密连锁的分子标记S1513(其碱基序列为CGCTTGGCGA),该标记与茸毛亲本的茸毛基因间的交换值为3.97%,遗传距离为3.98cM。
At present, the research of the hairiness character concerns on cotton, tomato and tea. In order to probe the genetic law, physiologic and biochemical character to the pepper hairiness and quicken the progress of the pepper hairiness character, the genetic studies on pepper hairiness character and molecular mapping of the hairiness gene were carried out.
    In this study, field identify and micro identify, RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and BSA(bulked segregant analysis) were used to identify regions associated with the pepper hairiness character in pepper on the F2 segregating generated from the species hairiness and non- hairiness. The following conclusions had been drawn:
    1.Observation in the pepper hairiness character of hairiness parent(02091), non-hairiness parent(02090), their sons F1 and grand sons F2 populations segregations results showed that the hairiness character was controlled by a single dominant gene and the hairiness character was not a completely dominant genetic character.
    2. The hairiness dense increased from the bottom to the top in pepper. The hairiness dense decomposition was: the tender stem> stem> leaf rib> leaf contrary facet > leaf obverse facet> leaf margin. The hairiness was composed of 3~10 cells. Then the hairiness length was controlled by the cell number composed the hairiness, and the relative rate of the hairiness length and the cell number was 0.9.
    3, The results of content of sugar, protein, proline, vitamine C, SOD and the ratio of sugar and protein in pepper indicted that the pepper plant with hairiness had a high content of soluble sugar, the vivid of SOD and the ratio of sugar and protein; while the content of protein, proline and vitamine C was lower.
    4, The experiment discovered that the hairiness character can decrease the aphid dense and the increment rate, also decrease the aphid to plant damage.
    5, The optimization RAPD program in pepper was: (1) 94C predenaturation 2min, 92C denaturation for 45s, 36C annealing for 30s, 72C prolong for 75s, 38
    
    
    
    circles, 72C prolong for 5s, 4C forever. (2)The reaction system was amplified in 25ul reaction volumes each containing 10X PCR buffer 2.5ul, Taq polyrase (2U/ul) 0.5ul, dNTPs (10uM) 0.5ul, primer (8pmol/ul) 1ul, genomic DNA (25ng/ul) 2ul, sterile pure water 18.5ul.
    6,040,004 and F2 population of 040x004 containing 126 individual plants were used for molecular mapping of hairiness gene by bulked segregant analysis. 280decamer primer with arbitrary sequences were chosen for polymerase chain reaction application. It was found that the polymorphism between the parents could be detected by 15.7% of the primer and one RAPD marker (the sequence of the primer: CGCTTGGCGA) was tightly linked to hairiness gene of 040 with the overcoss walue of 3.97% and genetic distance of 3.98cM.
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