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我国大型航运企业现代物流服务战略及实施中的挑战与应对措施
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摘要
航运市场的激烈竞争和物流服务市场的巨大发展空间,使得国内外大型航运企业均集中力量对陆上运输、海上运输等关键环节进行有效投入,向现代物流企业发展,以求在竞争日益加剧的航运市场站稳脚跟,抢占市场、获得利润。但受中国大环境的制约,我国大型航运企业在开展物流服务的过程中虽然发展迅速,但存在着许多问题,而如何去发现并解决这些问题从而保证其现代物流服务战略的实施正是本文所要讨论的问题。物流服务业给航运企业带来了崭新的扩展空间和丰厚的利润源泉,我国大型航运企业以物流业务作为其新的经济增长点和未来支柱产业,将会极大地巩固其以航运为主业的竞争优势。
     本文首先论述了现代物流服务与传统运输服务的区别。其次对我国大型航运企业开展现代物流服务的背景与必要性进行了分析,包括中国物流市场现状、国外大型航运企业发展现代物流服务的策略,以及我国大型航运企业开展现代物流服务的必要性,从而说明其开展现代物流服务的紧迫性和重要性。然后利用SWOT理论模型对我国大型航运企业开展现代物流服务的基本条件进行了分析,包括面临的机会与威胁、自身的优劣势等,并以中远集团为例,为我国大型航运企业现代物流服务的开展进行战略定位;同时以中外运和中海集团为例,说明我国大型航运企业加强与国内外物流企业合作的重要性。文章的最后从业务流程、组织结构及人力资源管理等方面对我国大型航运企业现代物流服务战略实施中的挑战进行了分析,并分别从这三个方面对其战略实施提出了应对措施:航运企业业务流程再造的思路应该是建立由航运企业最高管理层向下的三条纵向并行的管理机制,即进行物流规划与设计机制的再造、物流操作管理机制的再造和客户反馈管理机制的再造;组织结构重组应突出组织扁平化,航运企业应成立专门的物流公司,并且物流公司宜采用矩阵式组织结构,航运企业物流总公司应为利润中心而各区域公司均为成本中心;在战略性人力资源管理职能的实施中强调注重完善人才选拔和使用培养机制、注重人才培养和使用、建立与市场接轨的分配激励机制以及重点加强对管理人员的绩效考核。
Keen competition in the shipping market and enormous development scene of the logistics service market make domestic and overseas large-scale shipping enterprises focusing on effective land and marine transportation management. By developing themselves into modern logistics enterprises, those enterprises are able to occupy more market shares and obtain more profits on the increasing competitive shipping market. Though large-scale shipping companies of our country develop fast on launching logistics, with the limitation of Chinese environment there still exist a lot of problems. This thesis will discuss how to find and solve these problems in order to guarantee the strategy of logistics and its implementation.
    This thesis firstly introduces the differences between the modern logistics and the traditional transportation services. Then it analyzes the background and necessity of developing modern logistics of large-scale shipping enterprises in China, including the current situation of China logistics market, the tactics that foreign large-scale shipping enterprises develop modern logistics, and the necessity of developing modern logistics of large-scale shipping enterprises in China, which prove the urgency and importance that they develop modern logistics. This thesis applies the SWOT theory model to analyze the development of modern logistics services of domestic large-scale shipping enterprises. Then it takes China Ocean Company as an example to set strategic orientation for the development of modern logistics of domestic large-scale shipping enterprise; meanwhile, it takes China shipping and SINOTHANS as examples so as to explain the importance of cooperating with other logistics companies at home and abroad. A
    t the end of this paper, according to the challenges on modern logistics of domestic large-scale shipping enterprises, the author brings forward the measures on logistics process, group structure and manpower resources management and etc. The business process of shipping enterprise should be redesigned by three vertical mechanisms which separately are redesigning on logistics plan and design mechanism, redesigning on logistics operation mechanism and customer service mechanism; the reform of group structure
    
    
    
    should give prominence to compression, and large shipping company should set up special logistics company and the special logistics company should adopt matrix group structure. As to the management of Strategic Human Resource, domestics large-scale shipping enterprises should put emphasis on the mechanism of choosing, training and using talents and pay attention to personnel training and using. They should also set up the incentive distribution mechanism integrated with the market and strengthen the performance examination on the administrative staff.
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