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关于IPO抑价及影响因素的研究
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摘要
近年来,随着新股发行规模的扩大,中国的证券市场得到了迅猛发展,为活跃社会主义市场经济,推动整个国民经济的快速稳定增长做出了巨大贡献。从微观角度看,成功的首次公开上市(IPO)对公司而言,不仅可以为公司筹措资金以扩大经营规模,投资具有盈利前景的项目,而且有助于公司改善资本结构和公司治理结构。中国证券市场的发展进步不仅表现为市场上的交易品种、交易量及交易主体迅速增加等技术指标,更反映在市场运行机制、管理体系的建立健全以及不断完善和深化方面。在中国,新股一直是广大投资者追逐的对象,“一级市场热、二级市场冷”一直是中国股市的一大特点,但是,在热炒新股的背后,是否有着更多、更深层次的东西,目前国内尚缺乏足够的系统研究。并且由于中国股市的幼稚性和特殊性,显然不能照搬西方国家的研究成果来解释中国的股市。
     IPO抑价是一个全球金融市场普遍存在的问题,但在中国证券市场上表现得尤为突出,暴露出中国证券市场制度上和投资主体素质等多方面的问题。鉴于此,本文密切联系中国证券市场的实际,在总结借鉴国外研究成果的基础上,对中国证券市场上的IPO抑价行为及其影响因素进行系统的归纳总结和深入的探讨。
     首先,本文综述了国内外已有的IPO抑价研究,对全球不同发达程度的金融市场的IPO抑价情况加以概括性的介绍。然后,对IPO抑价的影响因素(或成因)进行了理论上的阐释。
     其次,基于中国的新股发行数据,采用多元线性回归模型对IPO抑价影响因素进行实证研究。结果发现,中国沪深两市的A股市场表现出相似的、严重的IPO抑价。相比之下,B股市场的定价显得更为科学合理。同时,也检验了模型的适用性,发现影响因素模型对于A股IPO抑价的解释力竟然强于对B股的解释力。这为今后模型的改进提供了一定的研究基础。
     最后,本文在对实证结果分析讨论的基础上,试图向监管当局、新股发行参与者以及投资者提供对策建议。
With the enlargement of the initial issued stock scale, the security market of China has developed rapidly in recent years. For companies, successful IPO can not only raise the fund in order to expand business scale and invest in the projects with profitable prospect, but also can help them to improve their capital structure and administration structure. The development of the security market of China is not merely shown as technical indicators, it is also reflected in the perfecting of the market operating mechanism and management system. The underpricing of newly issued stock is a common problem in global financial market, especially in China. After close examination, we carry on a systematic and deep discussion on it.
    In the first place, this paper makes a study of the underpricing of newly issued stock in the domestic and international stock market.
    Secondly, based on the data of the security market of China, we carry on a positive research on the influence factors of the underpricing of newly issued stock, applying the plural linear regression model. We finally find that a serious underpricing of newly issued stock does exist in A stock market of Shanghai and Shenzhen. By contrast, the pricing of the B-share market seems more rational. Meanwhile, we examine the suitability of the model and find that the model is more suitable for the explanation of the underpricing of A-share than that is of the B-share unexpectedly. This has offered certain research foundation for improvement of the model in the future.
    Finally, on the basis of analysis and discussion of the result of positive research, we attempt to offer some countermeasures and suggestions to supervision authorities, new stock issue participants and investors.
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