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火电厂危害辨识与安全标识系统开发研究
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摘要
火电是我国能源构成的重要组成部分,火电厂的安全生产对实现我国的能源安全具有十分重要的意义。随着科技的发展,火电厂的设备日益复杂加大了危害管理的难度,而我国实际的安全水平亟待提高。近十年来,各行各业相继进行了危害管理技术的研究和探讨,并形成了一个专门的学科——安全工程学。理论上提出了很多有价值的辨识、评价、分级和安全信息管理的科学方法,但是在电力行业我们还有很多工作要做,以便能把安全科学理论与火力发电厂的危害管理实践相结合,促进我国电力行业和火电厂的危害管理取得快速的发展。
     本文系统研究了火电厂危害管理模式,辨识与安全性评价方法及实施,危害管理方法、管理现状等。通过对火电厂从设备、操作、环境、管理几个方面的全面的分析,找出问题,对危害采取控制和预防的方法,从根本上控制它,避免其连锁反应产生事故。危害管理是火电厂安全生产的基础,它反映火电厂的本质安全状况。加强火电厂危害管理能从根本上保证企业安全。
     OHSMS(Occupational Health Safety Management System)和HSE(Health SafetyEnvironment)是关于职业安全健康和环境的标准化体系,将两种思想引入火电厂日常的危害管理必能大大提高火电厂危害管理水平,本文对两种体系进行了深入研究,探讨了贯彻两种体系的内容。
     此外,安全标识的制作和使用也是本文的重要研究内容。从安全标识图形库的建立、制作和使用都进行了详细的讨论。建立安全标识系统数据库以实现对安全标识的科学管理。这一部分内容的应用在我国具有非常重要的意义。
     总之,本文研究的火电厂危害管理技术问题,对火电厂安全标识制作技术作了全面的探讨,这对提高我国火电厂危害管理具有十分重要的意义。
The electric-power has been a very important role in the energy structure, and the safety production of electricity in power plant is very important to our national energy safety. With the development of science and technology, the equipment used in power plant are very complex, which makes it much more difficult to realize effective safety management, so it's very necessary to enhance the safety management level. During the recent 10 years, the discussion of safety management technology has been carried out and a professional subject comes into being-safety engineering. In theory, a lot of valuable methods about the hazard identification, assessment and classification have been detailed and the safety information management as well, however there do is a lot of work to do to implement the safety science theory in the safety management practice to enhance the safety management level.
    In this thesis, the safety management model in power plant, the management methods and faulty cause theory have been studied systematically. By analyzing the equipment, operation, environment and the management, we can find the problems in safety management and then find out the measures to control the hazards, avoiding the in-lock reaction. Safety management is the basis to realize the safety production that reflects the safety conditions. To strengthen the enterprise safety, we must strengthen the safety management.
    HSE is an international standard about the health, safety and environment. Bring HSE model into the everyday safety management in power plant can enhance the safety management level greatly. The technical details of HSE have been studied deeply, and the content of HSE has been discussed as well.
    Further more, the manufacture and usage of safety marks is an important content in this thesis. From the safety marks database, the safety mark manufacturing to the usage have been illustrated in detail. The establishment of safety marks database and the scientific management of safety marks is of great importance in our countries.
    Altogether, the technical problems of safety management in power plant and the discussion of safety marks are very important to improve the safety management level.
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