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高分子减阻剂的性能评价
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摘要
随着石油工业的发展,超高分子量聚合物作为原油输送减阻剂在国内外输油管线中得到日益广泛的应用。因此关于超高分子量减阻剂的各项研究也倍受人们的关注。
    本文简要介绍了高分子减阻剂在国内外的发展概况、减阻剂的合成方法及减阻机理等。同时,介绍了“管输油品减阻剂的研制与开发”课题组中试实验的装置、工艺流程及操作步骤等。
    重点是针对“如何对减阻剂的减阻性能作评价”展开了分析和讨论。首先,阐述了利用室内模拟环道进行减阻剂性能评价的原理,按照自行设计的室内模拟环道评价装置,对环道的装置构成、设计规格和水力学特征进行了介绍,通过实验拟合出了实验所需的参数n。其次,测定了中间试验合成的一系列减阻剂的减阻性能,并对减阻性能与评价流体相互作用规律进行了探讨。试验结果表明,减阻率倒数与加剂浓度倒数呈线性关系,当加剂浓度约20 mg/L时,达到最大值,约为57%;雷诺数大小也会影响减阻率,雷诺数在7000(对应管壁剪速1152s-1)左右时,减阻率达到最大值,超过该值后由于减阻剂被剪切降解导致减阻率降低;流速与减阻率的关系与雷诺数与减阻率的关系基本相同,当流体流速达到2.1m/s时减阻率达到最大值;流体流动时的管壁剪应力与减阻率有直接的关系,当剪应力减小时,减阻率增大。与此同时,作者通过测定减阻剂样品稀溶液的表观粘度及减阻液摩阻系数与雷诺数的关系,初步探讨了高分子稀溶液的非牛顿特性及非牛顿过渡过程。最后,简单介绍了国产高分子减阻剂在石克线上的应用,并与实验室测定结果作比较,认为我课题小组得出的减阻剂评价结果与现场试验结果基本相符,能够为现场试验提供参考预测。
With the rapid development of petroleum industry, high molecular polymers as drag reduction agents (DRA)have been widely used in conduits during the transportation of crude oil. At the same time, more and more researchers attach importance to drag reduction agents .
    In this paper, the author briefly introduces the development of drag reduction allover the word and the polymerization method of drag reduction agent and the mechanism of drag reduction. Moreover, the author introduces the apparatus and process of middling experiment.
     The most part of this paper discuss how to valuate the DRA's performance .First ,the author introduce the principle that utilizes the simulative loop to evaluate DRA,and gives out a detailed evaluation apparatus.The components,design specifications and hydraulics characteristics are introduced.The n value of No.0 diesel has been determined and the value is 0.13.Then a series of DRA's have been synthesized in laboratory and their drag reduction efficiencies have been determined under different conditions.Comparative tests have shown that the performance of some samples have reached the DRA's imported from foreign countries.Besides,the interaction law between drag reduction efficiency and velocity of flow, stress of pipe wall , Reynolds number have been examined.The test results have shown that the drag reduction efficiency will reach the maximum when Reynolds number touches approximately 7 000(relatively to shear rate 1152 s-1),and with the Re's increment,the drag reduction efficiency will decrease due to shear and degradation. The interaction low between velocity of flow and the drag reduction efficiency is same with Re .When velocity is 2.1m/s the drag reduction efficiency reach the maximum . When the concentration of DRA in the fluid is 20 mg/L,the drag reduction efficiency will get to a maximum of 57%. For those DRAs that have the same molecule structure,the drag reduction efficiency can be predicted through the measurement of the DRA samples apparent viscosity.At the same time , the author discuss the no-Newtonian property of drag reduction fluid .At last ,the author introduce the application of drag reduction in the Shike transportation pipe ,the result show that the simulative loop can provide credible date for the valuation of DRA's performance in the reality pipe.
引文
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