抚仙湖湖区城镇与环境协调发展策略
|
摘要
在云南抚仙湖湖区，城镇发展与环境保护的矛盾极为突出。本文以抚仙湖湖区为例，以有机集中与有机分散相结合的生态理念为理论根基，以空间作为载体，围绕着旅游开发过程中城镇空间如何向良性模式发展展开论述，探讨了符合自然生态环境的城镇空间发展策略及操作措施，全文的主要思想及结论概括如下：
(1) 湖区空间整合
湖区空间整合是自然、经济、社会三效益统一的过程，包括城镇空间与开敞空间的整合、城乡空间协调发展两个部分的内容，以实现空间全方位协调、持续发展为目标，是优化湖区生态空间的总原则。其中，推广生态农业、开发村寨旅游、适度对村庄进行调整对促进城乡空间协调发展具有现实意义。
(2) 强化中心城镇职能，保持湖区城镇发展的低密度走向
低密度集聚的城镇化发展模式是湖区生态环境的客观要求，强化中心城镇的职能并扩大其规模，充分发挥城镇的集聚效应，形成低密度、高质量的城镇群，建立有序发展与有效保护相结合的整体运作机制。“乡镇合并、撤村并点、建设新村”的举措在强化中心城镇职能的运用中取得实效。
(3) 有机集中与有机分散相结合的城镇结构形态
集聚发展与适度分散相结合的组团式布局结构有利于城镇形态的生态式发展，也是因循自然的结果。对城镇结构形态进行引导与控制，创建具有高原特色的田园风光城市。
(4) 对生态敏感地带进行生态复建
对作为城市特殊功能用地的生态敏感地带进行环境保育、污染治理、生态恢复及重建，达到自然、社会、经济三效益的统一。抚仙湖旅游度假示范区的规划设计证实了生态复建措施是具有切实可行的效用的。
The contradiction between development and environment protection is very serious in the plateau lake in area In YunNan Province. Taking Fuxian Lake area as an example. Based on the organic centralization and decentralization ecological theory, this article discusses on the topic of how does city space evolve towards a well-formulated mode during the process of tourism development and explores the city and town development strategy and measures. The main idea and conclusion are as follows:
(1) the reorganization of lake area space
The reorganizing of the lake area space Is a process that concerns the interest of nature, economy and society, which includes the changing of city and town space to area space, the reorganizing of city and town space and open space and the harmonious development of city and country space and aims at the harmonious and sustainable development of the space in all aspects, which is also the general principle for enhancing the lake area eco-space. Among these factors, promoting eco-agriculture ,exploring village tour and adjusting the villages moderately that best suit the area are of practical significance to the harmonious development between city and country.
(2) Reinforce the function of nucleus cities and towns and keep the low density of the lake area development
A low -density development mode is the requirement of an ideal lake area eco-envelopment. Through reinforcing the function of nucleus cities and towns and expanding their scale, low density and high quality city and town groups can be developed and an Integral mechanism that combines systematical development and effective protection can thus be established. The practice of " merging of country and town, rescinding of villages and constructing new villages" has achieved greatly in reinforcing the function of nucleus cities and towns.
(3) the organic centralizations and decentralization of the city layout The zone layout that is characterized by centralizing development and moderate decentralization is favorable for the ecological development of a city .Meanwhile, with guiding and controlling in the development of the layout of the of the city, a landscape city with plateau feature can be built.
(4) Reconstruct the eco-sensitive zone in the city
Protect the environment; control pollution and restore ecology can bring harmony to nature, society and economy. The plan of Fuxian lake tourism resort proved that the reconstruct strategy has the practical value.
(1) 湖区空间整合
湖区空间整合是自然、经济、社会三效益统一的过程，包括城镇空间与开敞空间的整合、城乡空间协调发展两个部分的内容，以实现空间全方位协调、持续发展为目标，是优化湖区生态空间的总原则。其中，推广生态农业、开发村寨旅游、适度对村庄进行调整对促进城乡空间协调发展具有现实意义。
(2) 强化中心城镇职能，保持湖区城镇发展的低密度走向
低密度集聚的城镇化发展模式是湖区生态环境的客观要求，强化中心城镇的职能并扩大其规模，充分发挥城镇的集聚效应，形成低密度、高质量的城镇群，建立有序发展与有效保护相结合的整体运作机制。“乡镇合并、撤村并点、建设新村”的举措在强化中心城镇职能的运用中取得实效。
(3) 有机集中与有机分散相结合的城镇结构形态
集聚发展与适度分散相结合的组团式布局结构有利于城镇形态的生态式发展，也是因循自然的结果。对城镇结构形态进行引导与控制，创建具有高原特色的田园风光城市。
(4) 对生态敏感地带进行生态复建
对作为城市特殊功能用地的生态敏感地带进行环境保育、污染治理、生态恢复及重建，达到自然、社会、经济三效益的统一。抚仙湖旅游度假示范区的规划设计证实了生态复建措施是具有切实可行的效用的。
The contradiction between development and environment protection is very serious in the plateau lake in area In YunNan Province. Taking Fuxian Lake area as an example. Based on the organic centralization and decentralization ecological theory, this article discusses on the topic of how does city space evolve towards a well-formulated mode during the process of tourism development and explores the city and town development strategy and measures. The main idea and conclusion are as follows:
(1) the reorganization of lake area space
The reorganizing of the lake area space Is a process that concerns the interest of nature, economy and society, which includes the changing of city and town space to area space, the reorganizing of city and town space and open space and the harmonious development of city and country space and aims at the harmonious and sustainable development of the space in all aspects, which is also the general principle for enhancing the lake area eco-space. Among these factors, promoting eco-agriculture ,exploring village tour and adjusting the villages moderately that best suit the area are of practical significance to the harmonious development between city and country.
(2) Reinforce the function of nucleus cities and towns and keep the low density of the lake area development
A low -density development mode is the requirement of an ideal lake area eco-envelopment. Through reinforcing the function of nucleus cities and towns and expanding their scale, low density and high quality city and town groups can be developed and an Integral mechanism that combines systematical development and effective protection can thus be established. The practice of " merging of country and town, rescinding of villages and constructing new villages" has achieved greatly in reinforcing the function of nucleus cities and towns.
(3) the organic centralizations and decentralization of the city layout The zone layout that is characterized by centralizing development and moderate decentralization is favorable for the ecological development of a city .Meanwhile, with guiding and controlling in the development of the layout of the of the city, a landscape city with plateau feature can be built.
(4) Reconstruct the eco-sensitive zone in the city
Protect the environment; control pollution and restore ecology can bring harmony to nature, society and economy. The plan of Fuxian lake tourism resort proved that the reconstruct strategy has the practical value.
引文
[1] 胡鞍钢主编．西部开发新战略．中国计划出版社，2001．
[2] 施成熙主编．中国湖泊概论．科学出版社，1989
[3] 王洪道，窦鸿易，颜京松，舒金华，张玉书．中国湖泊资源．科学出版社，1989
[4] 陈永森主编．云南省志·地理志．云南人民出版社，1998
[5] 陈良俊主编．云南省志·水利志．云南人民出版社，1998
[6] 王祥荣．生态与环境．东南大学出版社，2000
[7] 杨士弘．城市生态环境学．科学出版社，1996
[8] 毛刚．生态视野——西南高海拔山区聚落与建筑．东南大学出版社，2003
[9] 陆军．城市外部空间运动与区域经济．中国城市出版社，2001
[10] Mcharg.I. Design with Nature. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1969
[11] Forman, R.T. Tlang Mosaic. The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. Cambridge University Press, 1995
[12] 王放．中国城市化与可持续发展．科学出版社，2000
[13] 江曼琦．城市空间结构优化的经济分析．人民出版社，2001
[14] 顾朝林，甄峰，张京祥．积聚与扩散——城市空间结构新论．东南大学出版社，2000
[15] 胡俊．中国城市模式与演进．中国建筑工业出版社，1995
[16] Scott A. Metropolis. From the Division of Labour to Urban From. Berkeley: University of Califomia Press, 1988
[17] Amos Rapoport. Human Aspects of Urban From. Pregamon Press, 1977
[18] 王振亮．城乡空间融合论．福旦大学出版社，2000
[19] 段进．城市空间发展论．江苏科学技术出版社，1999
[20] 黄耀志，黄光宇．山地城市生态特点与自然生态规划方法研究．科学出版社，1998
[21] 张小林，刘继生，冯春萍．人文地理学导论．测绘出版社，1989
[22] 吕思林．西南环境治理．云南教育出版社，1992
[23] William skinner. Cities and hierarchy of local system. 1975
[24] 应文．生态复建策略在山川景区建设中的应用——以神女溪总体规划为例．2002
[1] 斯里．从生命之湖到死亡之湖．人文地理杂志，1998，NO．5：6-25
[2] 吴强．半个世纪前的滇池流域开发计划．人文地理杂志，1998，No．5
[3] 杨文龙．云南高原湖泊的开发与保护．湖泊科学，1994，VOL．6 NO．2
[4] 邓红兵，王庆礼，蔡庆华．流域生态学——新学科、新思想、新途径．应用生态学报，1998，VOL．9，NO．4
[5] 关春华．城市开放空间建设的理论与实践初探．中山大学硕士学位论文，2001
[6] 曹春华．山地城市的活力与自然．重庆建筑大学硕士论文，1994
[7] 阎水玉，王样荣．流域生态学与太湖流域防拱、治污及可持续发展．湖泊科学，2001，VOL．13，NO．1
[8] 杨冬辉．城市空间扩展对河流自然演进的影响．城市规划，2001，NO．11
[1] 黄豁，曹滢．云南九大高原湖泊环境状况严峻．www.unn. com.cn 2000.10.18
[2] 玉溪“三湖一海”的今天与未来．云南日报，2001．4．9
[3] 中国城市规划设计研究院、澄江县建设局．澄江县城城市总体规划说明书．1999
[4] 澄江县建设局、澄江县龙街镇人民政府、重建大珠海规划建筑设计院．龙街镇镇域总体规划说明书．1999
[5] 德国欧洲旅游研究所．抚仙湖旅游规划与开发设计项目成果书．2000，12
[6] 云南省环境科学研究所、玉溪地区环科所．抚仙湖、星云湖流域环境规划研究报告．云南省环境科学研究所，1996
[7] 昆明理工大学建筑系、昆明本土设计研究所、玉溪市旅游局．玉溪市抚仙湖旅游度假示范区总体规划汇报大纲．2004．2
[2] 施成熙主编．中国湖泊概论．科学出版社，1989
[3] 王洪道，窦鸿易，颜京松，舒金华，张玉书．中国湖泊资源．科学出版社，1989
[4] 陈永森主编．云南省志·地理志．云南人民出版社，1998
[5] 陈良俊主编．云南省志·水利志．云南人民出版社，1998
[6] 王祥荣．生态与环境．东南大学出版社，2000
[7] 杨士弘．城市生态环境学．科学出版社，1996
[8] 毛刚．生态视野——西南高海拔山区聚落与建筑．东南大学出版社，2003
[9] 陆军．城市外部空间运动与区域经济．中国城市出版社，2001
[10] Mcharg.I. Design with Nature. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1969
[11] Forman, R.T. Tlang Mosaic. The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. Cambridge University Press, 1995
[12] 王放．中国城市化与可持续发展．科学出版社，2000
[13] 江曼琦．城市空间结构优化的经济分析．人民出版社，2001
[14] 顾朝林，甄峰，张京祥．积聚与扩散——城市空间结构新论．东南大学出版社，2000
[15] 胡俊．中国城市模式与演进．中国建筑工业出版社，1995
[16] Scott A. Metropolis. From the Division of Labour to Urban From. Berkeley: University of Califomia Press, 1988
[17] Amos Rapoport. Human Aspects of Urban From. Pregamon Press, 1977
[18] 王振亮．城乡空间融合论．福旦大学出版社，2000
[19] 段进．城市空间发展论．江苏科学技术出版社，1999
[20] 黄耀志，黄光宇．山地城市生态特点与自然生态规划方法研究．科学出版社，1998
[21] 张小林，刘继生，冯春萍．人文地理学导论．测绘出版社，1989
[22] 吕思林．西南环境治理．云南教育出版社，1992
[23] William skinner. Cities and hierarchy of local system. 1975
[24] 应文．生态复建策略在山川景区建设中的应用——以神女溪总体规划为例．2002
[1] 斯里．从生命之湖到死亡之湖．人文地理杂志，1998，NO．5：6-25
[2] 吴强．半个世纪前的滇池流域开发计划．人文地理杂志，1998，No．5
[3] 杨文龙．云南高原湖泊的开发与保护．湖泊科学，1994，VOL．6 NO．2
[4] 邓红兵，王庆礼，蔡庆华．流域生态学——新学科、新思想、新途径．应用生态学报，1998，VOL．9，NO．4
[5] 关春华．城市开放空间建设的理论与实践初探．中山大学硕士学位论文，2001
[6] 曹春华．山地城市的活力与自然．重庆建筑大学硕士论文，1994
[7] 阎水玉，王样荣．流域生态学与太湖流域防拱、治污及可持续发展．湖泊科学，2001，VOL．13，NO．1
[8] 杨冬辉．城市空间扩展对河流自然演进的影响．城市规划，2001，NO．11
[1] 黄豁，曹滢．云南九大高原湖泊环境状况严峻．www.unn. com.cn 2000.10.18
[2] 玉溪“三湖一海”的今天与未来．云南日报，2001．4．9
[3] 中国城市规划设计研究院、澄江县建设局．澄江县城城市总体规划说明书．1999
[4] 澄江县建设局、澄江县龙街镇人民政府、重建大珠海规划建筑设计院．龙街镇镇域总体规划说明书．1999
[5] 德国欧洲旅游研究所．抚仙湖旅游规划与开发设计项目成果书．2000，12
[6] 云南省环境科学研究所、玉溪地区环科所．抚仙湖、星云湖流域环境规划研究报告．云南省环境科学研究所，1996
[7] 昆明理工大学建筑系、昆明本土设计研究所、玉溪市旅游局．玉溪市抚仙湖旅游度假示范区总体规划汇报大纲．2004．2
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |