白乳胶粘接强度的影响因素研究
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摘要
本文研究自乳胶(聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液)以及在市场上模仿白乳胶的聚乙烯醇及聚乙烯醇缩醛的溶液对木材粘接强度的影响因素。
本文主要研究以下内容：(1)不同聚合度、醇解度聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液粘接强度；(2)不同缩醛度的聚乙烯醇缩醛溶液的粘接强度；(3)聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯醇缩甲醛为保护胶体时，聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)乳液的粘接强度，以及研究白乳胶改性物，制备高粘度和高粘接强度的白乳胶。
对于需要自制的聚乙烯醇样品，探讨了不同醇解度的聚乙烯醇的制备。
同一聚合度醋酸乙烯酯溶液，浓度由5％变化到13％，粘接强度由接近于0增大至3.1MPa，聚醋酸乙烯酯溶液浓度每增加1％(在5％～13％范围内)粘接强度平均提高0.38MPa。；将该溶液聚醋酸乙烯酯醇解至醇解度为99％，所得的聚乙烯醇溶液浓度由5％增大至13％时，粘接强度由0.4MPa增大至4.6MPa，而聚乙烯醇水溶液浓度每增加1％(在5％～13％范围内)粘接强度平均提高0.53MPa。由此表明在聚合度相同的情况下，聚乙烯醇溶液的粘接强度大于聚醋酸乙烯酯溶液的粘接强度，并且聚乙烯醇溶液的粘接强度随醇解度的上升而上升。
商品相同醇解度(99％)聚乙烯醇，聚合度从1700变化到2400
广西大学硕士学位论文·白乳胶粘接强度的影响因素研究
时，浓度为5%的聚乙烯醇粘接强度相应提高0.2 Mpa，浓度为13%
的相应增大1.2MPa。
探讨了聚乙烯醇缩醛的粘接强度的影响。聚乙烯醇进行缩甲、乙
醛后，粘接强度有很大的变化，聚乙烯醇缩醛平均每提高10%的缩
醛度，聚乙烯醇缩甲醛溶液粘接强度的提高为0.45MPa，聚乙烯醇缩
乙醛溶液的粘接强度提高为0.55 MPa。在聚乙烯醇缩丁烯醛中发现，
交联程度的提高比缩醛度的提高对其水溶液粘接强度的影响更大。
在由聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯醇缩醛(保护胶体)及聚醋酸乙烯醋乳液
构成白乳胶中，以单个成分而论，聚乙烯醇缩醛溶液的粘接强度最大，
聚乙烯醇溶液次之，聚醋酸乙烯醋最小。分别以相同浓度(7%)聚
乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛为保护胶体，制得的白乳胶的固含量(即聚
醋酸乙烯醋含量)每提高1%，粘接强度分别提高为0.27Mpa、0.33
MPa。结果表明，聚醋酸乙烯醋浓度的增加，在乳液中不如在溶液中
对粘接强度的增进作用来得大。
The influence factors of the adhesive strength of white glue (polyvinyl acetate emulsion, PVAc-Em) and of PVAc-Em's simulated commercial products, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetals solution were studied in this paper.
The following was studied in this paper: (1) The adhesive strength of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with different degree of polymerization (DP) and different degree of alcoholysis (2) The adhesive strength of polyvinyl acetals with different acetalization degree (3) Effects of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) on adhesive strength of white glue (PVAc emulsion) when PVA or polyvinyl acetals was used as its protective colloid. Preparation of the modified white glue with high viscosity and high adhesive strength was also discussed.
As to the PVA samples not commercially available that needed to be prepared, the preparation of PVA with different degree of alcoholysis was discussed.
The adhesive strength of the PVAc with the same DP varied from near 0 to 3.1MPa when the concentration changed from 5% to 13%. Averagely the PVAc solution increased by 1%, the adhesive strength increased 0.38MPa. When PVAc solution was alcoholysised to 99% and the concentration of PVA water solution obtained varied from 5% to 13%, the adhesive strength of the PVA would varied from 0.4MPa to 4.6MPa. Averagely the PVA solution increased by 1%, the adhesive strength increased 0.53MPa. It was showed that the adhesive strength of the PVA
solution was larger than that of the PVAc solution when their DP was kept the same. The adhesive strength of PVA increased by enhances the degree of alcoholysis.
As to the concentration of PVA water solution was 5% and 13%, its adhesive strength increased by 0.2MPa and 1.2MPa respectively when DP of the PVA with the same degree of alcoholysis(99%) changed from 1700 to 2400.
The effect of polyvinyl acetals on its adhesive strength was investigated. Averagely the acetalization degree of polyvinyl acetals solution increased by 10%, the adhesive strength of polyvinyl formal increased 0.45MPa, polyvinyl acetal increased 0.55MPa. The increasing of crosslinking extent in polyvinyl butenal had more contribution to adhesive strength of its aqueous solution than enhance of the acetalization degree.
In the white glue composed by PVA or polyvinyl acetals (protective colloid) and PVAc emulsion, as far as one of the compositions was concerned, the adhesive strength of the polyvinyl acetals solution was larger than that of the PVA solution and the adhesive strength of the PVAc was the smallest. As to the protective colloid using PVA or polyvinyl formal with the same concentration (7%), when the solid content of white glue enhanced 1%, the adhesive strength of PVAc would increase 0.27MPa and 0.33MPa respectively. It was showed that the adhesive strength of the PVAc in solution was larger than that in emulsion.
本文主要研究以下内容：(1)不同聚合度、醇解度聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液粘接强度；(2)不同缩醛度的聚乙烯醇缩醛溶液的粘接强度；(3)聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯醇缩甲醛为保护胶体时，聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)乳液的粘接强度，以及研究白乳胶改性物，制备高粘度和高粘接强度的白乳胶。
对于需要自制的聚乙烯醇样品，探讨了不同醇解度的聚乙烯醇的制备。
同一聚合度醋酸乙烯酯溶液，浓度由5％变化到13％，粘接强度由接近于0增大至3.1MPa，聚醋酸乙烯酯溶液浓度每增加1％(在5％～13％范围内)粘接强度平均提高0.38MPa。；将该溶液聚醋酸乙烯酯醇解至醇解度为99％，所得的聚乙烯醇溶液浓度由5％增大至13％时，粘接强度由0.4MPa增大至4.6MPa，而聚乙烯醇水溶液浓度每增加1％(在5％～13％范围内)粘接强度平均提高0.53MPa。由此表明在聚合度相同的情况下，聚乙烯醇溶液的粘接强度大于聚醋酸乙烯酯溶液的粘接强度，并且聚乙烯醇溶液的粘接强度随醇解度的上升而上升。
商品相同醇解度(99％)聚乙烯醇，聚合度从1700变化到2400
广西大学硕士学位论文·白乳胶粘接强度的影响因素研究
时，浓度为5%的聚乙烯醇粘接强度相应提高0.2 Mpa，浓度为13%
的相应增大1.2MPa。
探讨了聚乙烯醇缩醛的粘接强度的影响。聚乙烯醇进行缩甲、乙
醛后，粘接强度有很大的变化，聚乙烯醇缩醛平均每提高10%的缩
醛度，聚乙烯醇缩甲醛溶液粘接强度的提高为0.45MPa，聚乙烯醇缩
乙醛溶液的粘接强度提高为0.55 MPa。在聚乙烯醇缩丁烯醛中发现，
交联程度的提高比缩醛度的提高对其水溶液粘接强度的影响更大。
在由聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯醇缩醛(保护胶体)及聚醋酸乙烯醋乳液
构成白乳胶中，以单个成分而论，聚乙烯醇缩醛溶液的粘接强度最大，
聚乙烯醇溶液次之，聚醋酸乙烯醋最小。分别以相同浓度(7%)聚
乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛为保护胶体，制得的白乳胶的固含量(即聚
醋酸乙烯醋含量)每提高1%，粘接强度分别提高为0.27Mpa、0.33
MPa。结果表明，聚醋酸乙烯醋浓度的增加，在乳液中不如在溶液中
对粘接强度的增进作用来得大。
The influence factors of the adhesive strength of white glue (polyvinyl acetate emulsion, PVAc-Em) and of PVAc-Em's simulated commercial products, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetals solution were studied in this paper.
The following was studied in this paper: (1) The adhesive strength of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with different degree of polymerization (DP) and different degree of alcoholysis (2) The adhesive strength of polyvinyl acetals with different acetalization degree (3) Effects of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) on adhesive strength of white glue (PVAc emulsion) when PVA or polyvinyl acetals was used as its protective colloid. Preparation of the modified white glue with high viscosity and high adhesive strength was also discussed.
As to the PVA samples not commercially available that needed to be prepared, the preparation of PVA with different degree of alcoholysis was discussed.
The adhesive strength of the PVAc with the same DP varied from near 0 to 3.1MPa when the concentration changed from 5% to 13%. Averagely the PVAc solution increased by 1%, the adhesive strength increased 0.38MPa. When PVAc solution was alcoholysised to 99% and the concentration of PVA water solution obtained varied from 5% to 13%, the adhesive strength of the PVA would varied from 0.4MPa to 4.6MPa. Averagely the PVA solution increased by 1%, the adhesive strength increased 0.53MPa. It was showed that the adhesive strength of the PVA
solution was larger than that of the PVAc solution when their DP was kept the same. The adhesive strength of PVA increased by enhances the degree of alcoholysis.
As to the concentration of PVA water solution was 5% and 13%, its adhesive strength increased by 0.2MPa and 1.2MPa respectively when DP of the PVA with the same degree of alcoholysis(99%) changed from 1700 to 2400.
The effect of polyvinyl acetals on its adhesive strength was investigated. Averagely the acetalization degree of polyvinyl acetals solution increased by 10%, the adhesive strength of polyvinyl formal increased 0.45MPa, polyvinyl acetal increased 0.55MPa. The increasing of crosslinking extent in polyvinyl butenal had more contribution to adhesive strength of its aqueous solution than enhance of the acetalization degree.
In the white glue composed by PVA or polyvinyl acetals (protective colloid) and PVAc emulsion, as far as one of the compositions was concerned, the adhesive strength of the polyvinyl acetals solution was larger than that of the PVA solution and the adhesive strength of the PVAc was the smallest. As to the protective colloid using PVA or polyvinyl formal with the same concentration (7%), when the solid content of white glue enhanced 1%, the adhesive strength of PVAc would increase 0.27MPa and 0.33MPa respectively. It was showed that the adhesive strength of the PVAc in solution was larger than that in emulsion.
引文
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[8]张正根，醋酸乙烯下游产品在胶粘剂行业中的应用现状，粘接，1999(12)，33～36
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[2]Irving Skeist编辑，胶粘剂技术与应用手册，北京粘接学会编译，北京：字航出版社，1992，87～106
[3]李兰亭主编，胶粘剂与涂料，第二版，北京：中国林业出版社，1992，87～106
[4]季佳主编，木材胶粘剂生产技术，第一版，北京：化学工业出版社，2000，110～127
[5]魏文德，有机化工原料大全，北京：中国化工学会石油化工学会组织，1989(3)：642～655
[6]张在新，胶粘剂世界市场概述，中国胶粘剂，1996(5)，26～30
[7]Urquiola M B, Dimonie V L, SudolE D, et al. Emulsion polymerization ofvinylacetate using a polymerizable surfactant (Ⅱ) polymerization mechanism, Polym Chem, 1992,30 (12): 2631～2644
[8]张正根，醋酸乙烯下游产品在胶粘剂行业中的应用现状，粘接，1999(12)，33～36
[9]Sajjadi S, Brooks B W, Comparative study of batch and semibatch emulsion polymerization of vinylacetate and butyl acrylate with monomer feed at starved conditions, Chem Eng, 1996 (2):494～496
[10]C．H．乌沙科夫，沈阳新生企业公司译(陈演汉校)，聚乙烯醇及其衍生物(第二册)，北京：中国工业出版社，1965：35
[11]Tohei Yamamoto, Shigetoshi Seki, Masayoshi Hirota, et.al, Preparation of High Weight Molecular Poly(vinylalcohol), Polymer Journal, 1987, 19(12):1417～1418
[12]Moustafa.A.B., Effect of electrolyte on the emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate, J. Appl. polymer. Journal, 1997, 66(4):711～715
[13]Tohei Yamamoto, Shigetoshi Seki, Ryohei Fukea, et al, High Weight Molecular Poly(vinyl alcohol) through Photo-Emulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate, Polymer Journal, 1987, 19(12):1417～1418
[14]Lyoo, Won Seok, Lee, Chul Joo, et al, Preparation and molecular structure of polyvinyl alcohol by low temp. bulk polymerization of vinyl acetate and saponification. (1-2), Polymer Journal, 1977(53)11:181～194
[15]B．B．科尔沙克，高分子化合物化学，北京：科学出版社，1955，379～381
[16]复旦大学化学系高分子教研组编，高分子实验技术，上海：复旦大学出版社，1993，224～225
[17]孙丽勤，聚乙烯醇的生产及市场前景分析，石油化工技术经济，2002(3)：33～36
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