用户名: 密码: 验证码:
古尼虫草液体深层发酵及化学成分的研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本文以产于湖南浏阳市的古尼虫草[Cordyceps gunnii (Berk.)Berk.]及深层发酵的古尼虫草菌丝体为实验材料,利用菌种分离技术,液体深层发酵、PCR、柱层析、纸层析、紫外、红外光谱技术和化学反应等手段,对古尼虫草菌丝体液体发酵培养条件及部分化学成分进行了研究,主要包括以下内容:古尼虫草液体种子培养基及培养条件的筛选,发酵罐深层发酵生长曲线的测定,古尼虫草子座和古尼拟青霉(Paecilomyces gunnii)ITS序列的分析,菌丝体多糖的分离纯化及结构测定,古尼虫草的碱溶性多糖、甘露醇的提取方法及含量研究,获得了如下结果:
     1.优化筛选出了古尼虫草菌丝体最适液体种子培养基和最佳培养条件,培养基配方为:土豆汁20%、蛋白胨1%、葡萄糖2%、硫酸镁1‰、磷酸二氢钾0.5%0、磷酸氢二钾1‰;用三因素四水平的正交试验,获得其最佳培养条件:26℃,转速150 r/min,pH 6.5,时间以5d为宜。
     2.测定了古尼虫草菌丝体发酵罐深层发酵的生长曲线,确定发酵周期以66h为宜,并根据其生长规律,将其分为四个典型生长时期:生长延迟期、对数生长期、稳定生长期及衰老期。
     3.运用PCR技术研究了古尼虫草子座和菌丝体的完整的ITS区(ITS1+5.8S+ITS2),两者的PCR扩增产物电泳图谱及整个碱基序列完全一致,ITS1为207bp,5.8S为157 bp,ITS2为202 bp,可证明本文分离得到的古尼虫草菌丝体,确为古尼虫草的无性型古尼拟青霉;比较了古尼虫
    
    草子座、菌丝与冬虫夏草的rrs序列,并认为它们具有较近的亲缘关系。
     4.古尼虫草菌丝体经热水浸提、醇析、脱蛋白,得到粗多糖,再经
    D王AE一52纤维素柱层析纯化得到纯多糖CG-1,经紫外光谱,柱层析等证
    明其为单一成分,纸层析表明其单糖组分为葡萄糖,用高碘酸反应证明其
    糖基是以(1。6)位糖若键型缩合,红外光谱结果显示CG-1具多糖特征
    吸收峰,为Q一毗喃型葡聚糖。
     5.用四因素三水平的正交试验确定了以35℃,加5倍量的0 75mol几
    的NaOH溶液浸泡提取古尼虫草菌丝体sh,为碱溶性多糖的最适提取方
    法,从每克菌丝体中提取的多糖最高可含41 .92mg。
     6古尼虫草发酵菌丝体含有丰富的甘露醇,在每克干菌粉中含量为
    60mg,每克古尼虫草子座中含量为61mg,每克僵虫体含量达105mg。
The liquid fermentation and partical chemical constituents of Cordyceps gunnii fruitbodies collected from Liuyang Hunan and its cultured mycelium were studied by means of tissue isolation, liquid fermentation, PCR, column chromatography, TLC and spectrum technology, which including riddling of culture condition of C. gunnii, determining the growth survey of the spawn, analyzing the ITS sequence of C.gunnii and Paecilomyces gunnii, separating, purification and structural analyzing of polysaccharide mycelia of C. gunnii, extracting of alkali soluble polysaccharide and mannitol and their content. The result showed as below:
    1. The optimum liquid fermentation medium of Cordycep gunnii was potato juice 20%, peptone 1%, glucose 2%, magnesium sulfate 0.1%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1%. The optimum culture conditions of C. gunnii was investigated by the orthogonal experiment in three factors and four levels, temperature was 25 ~26 C, rotation rate 150 r/min, pH 6.5 and culture period 5 days.
    2. Four typical growth periods in the spawn of liquid fermentation were studied: the period of growth hesitation, the rapid growth period, the growth steady period and the old period. We got a best fermentation period of 66 hours.
    
    
    3. The internal transcribed spacer (including ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S rDNA gene) of nuclear ribosomal DNA from the stroma and mycelium of C. gunnii were amplified by means of PCR technology. The PCR products electrophoretic patterns and nucleotide sequence were complete concordant, the sequences of ITS1 was 207 bp in size, 5.8S was 157 bp and ITS2 was 202 bp. The result indicated that the asexual stage of C. gunnii was the isolated mycelium, namely Paecilomyces gunnii. The sequences of comparison ITS of stroma and mycelium of C. gunnii and Cordyceps sinensis, showed that they had a close predestined relationship.
    4. Crude polysaccharide was obtained from the cultured mycelium of C. gunnii by extraction with hot water and precipitated by alcohol, The proteins in it was removed by Sevage method, individual constituent CG-1 was isolated and purified by DEAE-52 chromatography. Its homogeneity was verified by UV scan and chromatography, TLC shows that CG-1 was composed by glucose only. The reaction of periodic acid suggested that the sugar residue be interlinked by 1
    - 6 bonds. The result of IR spectrum shows that there was typical characteristic absorption peaks of polysaccharides and a a - pyranoglucan in CG-1.
    5. The optimal extractive technology of alkali soluble polysaccharide from mycelium was determined by orthogonal experiment in four factors and three levels, the temperature was 35 C, marinated in 5 multiple volume 0.75 mol/L NaOH solution for 5 hours. A maximum extraction of 41.92 mg / g has been obtained.
    6. There was plenty of mannitol in the cultured mycelium of C. gunnii,
    
    
    the sum of mannitol was 60 mg / g, the stroma was 61 mg /g, the sclerotium was 105mg/g.
引文
[1] 梁宗琦.我国虫草属真菌研究开发的现状及思考[J].食用菌学报,2001,8(2):53-62.
    [2] 徐锦堂.中国药用真菌学[M].北京:北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1997:354-394.
    [3] 胡皓彬.虫草属常见虫草的性状鉴别[J].中药材,1991,14(9):24-27.
    [4] 李晓明,戴如琴,朱勤等.虫草发酵液中多糖研究[J].中国中药杂志,1989,14(2):31-33.
    [5] Miyazaki J, Naoko O, H Yamada. Studies on Fungal polysaccharides XX, Galactomannan of Cordyceps sinensis[J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 1977, 25(12): 3324-3328.
    [6] Kiho T, H Tabata, S Ukai. A minor, protein containing galactomannan from a sodium carbomate extract of Cordyceps sinensis[J]. Carbohydrate Research, 1986, 156: 189-197.
    [7] 华巍巍,金汉祖,赵岚.虫草头孢菌胞内多糖的提纯及理化性质[J].食用菌,1990,12(1):11-12.
    [8] Yamada H, Kawaguchi N, Ohmori T, et al. Structure and antitumor activity of an alkali-soluble polysaccharide from Cordyceps ophioglossoides[J]. Carbohydrate Research, 1984, 125 (1): 107-115.
    [9] 梁宗琦.中国虫生真菌研究与应用(第二卷)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1991:74-80.
    [10] 盖新杰,张翼伸.蛹虫草胞外多糖的研究I[J].真菌学报,1992,11(4):300-307.
    [11] 张甲生,丁长江,夏爱华等.蚕蛹虫草和冬虫夏草中游离氨酸的比较分析[J].白求恩医科大学学报,1994,20(1):24-26.
    [12] 张显科,刘文霞.蛹虫草化学成分测定[J].菌物系统,1997,16(1):78-80.
    [13] 孟祥贤,张志光,刘选明等.古尼虫草生理活性物质的检测与分析[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2002,29(1):13-18.
    [14] C.J.亚历克鲍罗斯.真菌概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1961:267-271.
    [15] 姜平.冬虫夏草的成分、药理与功能[J].西北医学杂志,1987,2(4):43.
    [16] 刘静明,钟裕荣,杨智等.蛹虫草化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,1989,14(10):32-33.
    [17] 岳德超,包天桐等.中草药现代研究(Ⅰ)[M].北京:北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1995:221-227.
    [18] 苏亮,楼凤昌,赵守训.虫草头孢菌丝体化学成分的研究[J].药学进展,2001,25(1):43-44.
    [19] 刘静明,刘岱,杨立新等.蛹虫草菌丝与冬虫夏草中核苷类成分的含量测定[J].中国中药杂志,1994,19(10):615-617.
    [20] 徐文豪,薛智,马建民.虫草水溶性成分—核苷类物质研究[J].中药通报,1988,13(4):34-36.
    [21] 焦彦朝,梁宗琦,刘爱英.虫草生物活性物质研究概况[J].贵州农业科学,1990,18(3):52-58.
    [22] 解军,徐卫东,郭欣等.冬虫夏草及人工菌丝体中虫草菌素的定性定量研究[J].山西中医,1994,10(4):36-37.
    [23] 姜泓,刘珂,孟舒等.人工蛹虫草子实体化学成分[J].药学学报,2000,35(9):641-668.
    
    
    [24] 邢振荣.冬虫夏草核苷类化合物的鉴定[J].现代应用药学,1989,6(2):18.
    [25] 李兆兰.中国弯颈霉新种及产孢菌素的研究[J].真菌学报,1988,7(2):93-98.
    [26] 郭锡勇,郭莉莉,陈芳.戴氏虫草与冬虫夏草化学成分比较[J].中药材,1995,18(8):403-404.
    [27] 傅庭焕,林敬明.冬虫夏草对系统性红斑狼疮模型大鼠的治疗作用[J].中药材,2001,24(9):658-659.
    [28] Nalamura K, Yamaguchi Y, Kagota, et al. Aetivation of in vivo Kupffer cell function by oral administration of Cordyceps sinensis in rats[J]. Jpn J Pharmacol, 1999, 79(4): 505-508.
    [29] Chen Y J, Shiao M S, Lee S S, et al. Effect of Cordyceps sinensis on the proliferation and differentiation of human leukemic U937 cells[J]. Life Sci, 1997, 60(25): 2349-2359.
    [30] 刘平,朱金亮,黄耀羲等.虫草菌丝体及其药物积血清对肝脏枯否氏细胞生成IL-1,INF及TNF的影响[J].中国中药杂志,1996,21(6):367-369.
    [31] 刘杰麟,童宜英.戴氏虫草和粉被虫草菌丝体发酵液对放射损伤小鼠体液免疫的影响[J].贵州医学院院报,1999,24(4):323-325.
    [32] Mei Q B, Tao J Y, Gao S B, et al. Antiarrhythmic effects of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc.[J]. China Journal of Chinese Meteria Medica,1989, 14(10): 40-42.
    [33] Zhang Z, Xia S S. Cordyceps sinens/s-Ias an immunosuppressant in heterotopic heart allograft model in rats[J]. JTongji Med Univ, 1990, 10(2): 100-103.
    [34] Ikumotov T, Sasaki S, Namba H, et al. Physiologically active compounds in the extracts from tochukaso and cultured mycelia of Cordyceps and Isarial[J]. Yakugaku Zassh, 1991, 111(9): 540-549.
    [35] Li Y, Chen G Z, Jiang D Z. Effect of Cordyceps sinensis on erythropoiesis in mouse bone marrow[J]. Chin Med J(Engl), 1993, 106(4): 313-316.
    [36] Yang L Y, Huang W J, Hsidh H G, etal. H1-A extracted from Cordyceps sinensis suppreses the proliferation of hunman mesangial cells and promotes apoptosis, probably by inhibiting the tyrosine phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL[J]. J Lab Clin Med, 2003, 141(1): 74-83.
    [37] 汪洪.虫草研究开发中的几个问题探讨[J].农牧产品开发,1999,6(6):21-22.
    [38] Nakamura K, Ymaguchi Y, Kagota S, et al. Inhibilitory effect of Cordyceps sinensis on spontaneous liver metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma cells in syngeneic mice[J]. Jpn Jpharmacol,1999, 79(3): 335-341.
    [39] 王要军,权启镇,孙自勤等.冬虫夏草治疗失代偿期肝硬化的疗效[J].河北医学,1996,2(2):104-105.
    [40] 龚环宇,万克青,唐世刚.虫草菌丝对慢性乙肝T-细胞亚群和肝纤维化指标的影响[J].湖南医科大学学报,2000,25(3):248-250.
    [41] 郑丰,田劲,黎磊石.虫草对肾毒性急性肾功能衰竭的疗效及机制探讨[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1992,12(5):288.
    
    
    [42] 李中和,刘章锁,侯秀芳.虫草菌丝治疗漫性肾脏疾病作用机理探讨[J].中国中西医结合肾病杂志,2001,2(3):151-152.
    [43] Koh J H, Kim J M, Chang U J, et al. Hypocholesterolemic effect of Hot-Water Extract from Mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis[J]. Biol Pharm Bull, 2003, 26 (1): 84-87.
    [44] KihoT, Yamanea, Hui J, et al. Polysaccharides in fungi.XXXVI. Hypoglycemic acticity ofa polysaccharide (CS-F30) from the cultural mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis and its effect on glucose metabolism in mouse liver[J]. Biol Pharm Bull, 1996, 19(2): 294-296.
    [45] ManabeN, Azurna Y, Sugimoto, et al. Effects of the mycelial extract of cultured Cordyceps sinensis on in vivo hepatic energy metabolism and blood flow in dietary hypoferric anaemic mice[J]. Br J Nutr,2000, 83(2): 197-204.
    [46] Zhao C S, Yin W T, Wang J Y, etal. CordyMax CS-4 improves glucose metabolism and increases insulin sensitivity in normal rats[J]. J Altern ComplementMed, 2002, 8(3): 309-314.
    [47] 沈齐英.北虫草抗活性氧自由基作用的研究[J].锦州医学院学报,1997.,18(5):11-13.
    [48] 孔祥环,杨新华,王虹等.冬虫夏草营养液抗衰老作用的实验研究[J].首都医科大学报,1997,18(1):15-17.
    [49] HUANGBM, HSUCC, TSAISJ, et al. Effects of Cordyceps sinensis on testosterone production in normal mouse Leyding cells[J]. Life Sci, 2001, 69(22): 2593-2602.
    [50] HUANGBM, JUSY, WUCS, et al. Cordyceps sinensis and its fractions stirmulate MA-10 mouse Leyding tumor cell steroidogenesis[J]. J Androl, 2001, 22(5): 831-837.
    [51] 刘洁,杨世杰,杨旭等.蚕蛹虫草的抗肿瘤及激素样作用[J].中国中药杂志,1997,22(2):111-113.
    [52] 刘杰麟,谷俊莹.粉被虫草抑制细菌和真菌作用的初步研[J].贵阳医学院学报,1997,22(4):344-346.
    [53] FURUYA T, M HIROTANI, M MATSUZAUA. N-(2-hydroxyethyl)adenosine biologically active compound from cultured mycelia of Cordyceps and Isaria species[J]. Phytochemistry, 1983, 22 (11):2509-2512.
    [54] 孟祥贤,张志光,陈作红.古尼虫草对苏云金杆菌抗紫外辐射的保护作用[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2001,24(1):66-68.
    [55] 丁小余,王峥涛,徐红等.枫斗类石斛rDNAITS区全序列数据库及其序列分析鉴别[J].药学学报,2002,37(7):567-573.
    [56] Rogers S O, Bendich A J. Ribosomal RNA genes in plants: variability in copy number and in the intrgenic spacer[J]. Plant Mol Biol, 1987, 9:509-520.
    [57] MA Innis, DH Gelfand, JJ Sninsky, et al. PCR Protocols: A guide to methods and applification San Diego[M]. Academic Press, 1990: 315-322.
    [58] 赵锦,王宁,陈月琴等.冬虫夏草无性型的分子鉴别[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),1999,
    
    38(1):121-123.
    [59] 黄勃,王成树,王滨等.粉拟青霉种内nrDNA ITS分析[J].生物多样性,2003,11(6):480-485.
    [60] 尚德静,王孝敏.冬虫夏草深层发酵的研究[J].中国食用菌,1996,15(6):48-49.
    [61] 罗信昌.冬虫夏草研究进展[J].中国食用菌,1994,13(4):3-5.
    [62] 张长铠,赵友春,吴红志.冬虫夏草菌丝生长的营养要求[J].微生物学通报,1992,19(3):129-133.
    [63] 姜文侠,孙武岳、马琳等.蝙蝠蛾拟青霸菌丝体发酵和研究[J].微生物学通报,1999,26(3):192-194.
    [64] 张显耻,何道珍.中国冬虫夏草液体发酵工艺初探[J].食用菌,1995,6(5):5-6.
    [65] 陈传盈,冯观泉,许尧兴.冬虫夏草工业深层发酵研究[J].中草药,1992,23(8):409-411.
    [66] 王青牡,孙姝嫒.我国液体培养药用虫草菌丝体的研究进展[J].食用菌,1997,19(3):2-4.
    [67] 钟士清,胡文锋,罗国威等.冬虫夏草头孢菌菌丝体液体发酵的研究[J].华南农业大学学报,1995,16(3):108-111.
    [68] 江晓路,葛蓓蕾.北虫草菌Y3液体深层发酵的研究[J].食品与发酵工业,1997,23(6):31-35.
    [69] 李信,许雷,裴鑫德.蛹虫草菌丝体液体培养基的优化和发酵条件的研究[J].核农学报,1998,12(1):3540.
    [70] 李维光,娄虹,林建群等.北冬虫夏草液体深层发酵最适营养的研究[J].辽宁大学学报(自然科学版),1997,24(3):34-38.
    [71] 刘祖同,罗信昌.食用蕈菌生物技术及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:166-229.
    [72] 宾文,于荣敏,自秀峰.人工培养蛹虫草多糖的研究[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2000,17(5):361-364.
    [73] 欧阳天挚,谢九皋.碱溶性黑木耳多糖的分离、纯化、和表征[J].华中农业大学学报,1999,18(1):46-48.
    [74] 胡稳奇,张志光,张天晓.盐析法提取香菇、草菇多糖的探讨[J].中国食用菌,1994,14(3):34-35.
    [75] 陈石良,谷文英,许正宏等.水溶性蛋白聚糖AP-1的分离和鉴定[J].无锡轻工业大学学报,2000,19(1):50-53.
    [76] 杨焱,周晶艳,唐庆九等.正交法提取猴头多糖的研究[J].食用菌,1999,21(2):6-7.
    [77] 于溢,芮汉明,李明辉。蛹虫草胞外多糖的提取和纯化[J].大连轻工业学院院报,2000,19(4):268-270.
    [78] 赵明文,吴燕娜,李玉祥等.蛹虫草胞外多糖的液体优化培养条件研究[J].中国食用菌,2000,19(4):30-31.
    [79] 黄建忠,施巧琴,周晓兰等.粉被虫草菌丝体多糖的分离纯化及其性质[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1998,14(3):82-85.
    [80] 李汴生,安家彦,马军香等.人工虫草菌菌丝体的破壁溶菌研究[J].中国食用菌,2001,20(5):32-32.
    [81] 梁宗琦.中国虫草属一新记录种…古尼虫草[J].真菌学报,1983,3(4):258-260.
    [82] 张志光.古尼虫草生活史的研究[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,1985,8(4):1-5.
    
    
    [83] 李淑芳.古尼拟青霉药理研究[J].贵州医学院学报,1990,15(1):25-32.
    [84] 朱振元,梁宗琦.小分子多肽的镇痛作用及其生物来源[J].山地农业生物学报,1999,18(3):195-199
    [85] 梁宗琦.古尼虫草分生孢子阶段的分离和鉴定[J].真菌学报,1985,4(3):162-166.
    [86] 马建岗.基因工程学原理[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001:213-258.
    [87] J.萨姆布鲁克,D.W.拉塞尔著,黄培觉等译.分子克隆实验指南(第三版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:461-516.
    [88] 徐桂香,周广麒,王世龙.蚕蛹虫草液体培养基的研究[J].大连轻工业学院学报,1997,16(4):14-18.
    [89] 俞渭江.生物统计附试验设计[M].北京:农业出版社,1980:156-178.
    [90] 张惟杰.复合多糖生化研究技术[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987:6-217.
    [91] 刘美琴,李建中,孔繁祚.香菇菌丝体多糖的分离鉴定与免疫功能研究[J].生物化学与生物物理学报,1999,31(1):46-50.
    [92] 黄涛.有机化学实验(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998:140.
    [93] 赵运江.虫草真菌多糖的分离纯化及鉴定[J].实用医技杂志,1999,6(9):684.
    [94] 黄才欢,李炎,王秀芬.茯苓多糖的提取及其结构表征[J].广州食品工业科技,2001,17(3):13-15.
    [95] 葛新,白小红,李云兰.分光光度法测定蛹虫草D-甘露醇的含量[J].山东医科大学学报,2001,32(4):317-318.
    [96] 杜荣骞.生物统计学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,施普林格出版社,1997:10-14.
    [97] Park N S, Sohn H D, Jin B R. Determination of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S rDNA sequence of Cordyceps species[J]. College of Natural Resources and life Science, 2003, 12:604-714.
    [98] 黄秀梨.微生物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998:141-145.
    [99] 陈庆涛,肖生荣,施至用.中国拟青霉新种与虫草的关系[J].真菌学报,1984,3(1):24-28.
    [100] 刘锡进,郭英兰,俞永信等.冬虫夏草无性阶段的分离和鉴定[J].真菌学报,1989,8(1):35-40.
    [101] 石若夫,李建国,李洪艳等.从栀子细胞培养物中分离多糖最佳工艺条件的研究[J].生物技术,2000,10(5):13-15.
    [102] 叶竹秋,黄谚谚,林跃鑫.巴西蘑菇多糖提取方法的研究[J].食用菌,2000,22(6):7-9.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700