基于.NET平台的B/S应用系统的开发与研究
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摘要
计算机业是一个飞速发展的行业，各种新技术层出不穷，业界永远都在探索提高软件开发效率的新方法。计算模式亦随着互联网技术的发展而改变，基于浏览器／服务器(B／S)模式的软件以其结构灵活、操作方便、部署及维护成本低廉，得到了迅速的推广，逐渐取代客户机／服务器(C／S)模式成为市场主流，广泛应用于各个领域。
另一方面，随着计算机性能的不断提高，以及人们对软件功能需求的增长，软件产品变得越来越庞大，软件开发过程中的不确定因素越来越多，开发周期、开发风险难以控制，这一切，都制约着大型软件的开发。这一点在B／S结构的软件系统上体现得特别明显。
出于各自的商业目的，业界各大厂商均推出了自己的开发平台。这些平台各成体系，又相互竞争、相互渗透，一时间让人眼花缭乱，不知所从。其中微软的.NET框架和Sun的J2EE平台是其中最具代表性的平台。
为更好地发挥B／S结构软件的优势，本课题试图在当前的状况下，吸收各方的长处，对B／S结构软件的开发模式进行探讨。
本文首先简要分析了计算模式的变化，然后详细介绍了多层体系结构以及目前广泛应用于Web系统的设计模式——模型-视图-控制器(MVC)模式，并讨论了多层体系结构及MVC模式的优缺点。鉴于.NET是一种较新的平台，吸收了其它平台的许多优点并有相当大地创新，本课题决定采用.NET作为开发平台。本文对.NET框架做了详细地介绍，从.NET框架组成到应用.NET框架的优势，以及.NET框架提供的各种解决方案均有介绍。ASP.NET是.NET框架的一部分，是新一代的Web开发平台，亦是本课题采用的开发平台，因此本文对其作了详细介绍。随后本文讨论了课题研究的一种针对Web应用的特点提出的开发过程。此过程应用了统一建模语言(UML)，因此本文也简要介绍了UML。最后，通过公路建设质量管理系统的开发，本文阐述了如何应用工程化的方法，解决Web应用程序开发中的风险控制、开发效率、需求分析以及系统的弹性、健壮性、安全性等方面的问题。
The computer industry is developing rapidly. New techniques are emerging in endlessly; new methods are being studied for enhancing the efficiency of developing software. As the Internet growing fleetly, the computing mode has been changed accordingly. Software written using Browser/Server mode, which replace software written using Client/Server mode becoming the mainstream in the market, are being popularized rapidly thanks to their flexible structures, their easy way to operate, to deploy and to maintenance, and has been applied extensively.
Nevertheless, with the continuous improvement of the computing power and the standing growth of people's demands of the software functions, the software products become huger and huger. There are more and more uncertain factors in the software development course, construction cycle and the risks of the development are difficult to control. All of these restrict the development of large-scale software.
For the sake of business, many industry big giants released their development platforms early or late. These platforms, which are unique in their styles, competing and influencing reciprocally, make software developers puzzled. Among these platforms, Microsoft's .NET and Sun's J2EE are the most representative.
To take the advantage of B/S mode better, the development modes of B/S mode software has been discussed in my task, while absorbing the strongpoint of other modes on the current circumstance.
The change of the computing mode has been analyzed firstly in this dissertation, then the multilayer architecture in details. The MVC design pattern which has been applied widely in Web application's development at present has also been covered as well as the advantages and disadvantages of both multilayer architecture and MVC pattern. Whereas .NET platform is a relative new one and got many innovations while absorbing the strongpoint of former platforms, we decided using .NET platform in the task. The .NET platform has been discussed
detailed in the dissertation, from the composing to the advantage of using it along with the solutions provided by the platform. ASP.NET is part of .NET platform, and new generation of Web development platform, and also the platform used in my task, so it has been discussed in detail. A process aimed at Web applications' development has been discussed in the following part of the dissertation. Because UML has been used in the process, it has also been discussed in this dissertation.
In the following chapter, we have discussed how to solve the questions in B/S framework software development such as risk controlling, development efficiency; demand analyzing and systematic elasticity, robustness, security, etc. under the direction of the process we discussed in the former chapter, through the practice of developing Highway construction quality management system.
另一方面，随着计算机性能的不断提高，以及人们对软件功能需求的增长，软件产品变得越来越庞大，软件开发过程中的不确定因素越来越多，开发周期、开发风险难以控制，这一切，都制约着大型软件的开发。这一点在B／S结构的软件系统上体现得特别明显。
出于各自的商业目的，业界各大厂商均推出了自己的开发平台。这些平台各成体系，又相互竞争、相互渗透，一时间让人眼花缭乱，不知所从。其中微软的.NET框架和Sun的J2EE平台是其中最具代表性的平台。
为更好地发挥B／S结构软件的优势，本课题试图在当前的状况下，吸收各方的长处，对B／S结构软件的开发模式进行探讨。
本文首先简要分析了计算模式的变化，然后详细介绍了多层体系结构以及目前广泛应用于Web系统的设计模式——模型-视图-控制器(MVC)模式，并讨论了多层体系结构及MVC模式的优缺点。鉴于.NET是一种较新的平台，吸收了其它平台的许多优点并有相当大地创新，本课题决定采用.NET作为开发平台。本文对.NET框架做了详细地介绍，从.NET框架组成到应用.NET框架的优势，以及.NET框架提供的各种解决方案均有介绍。ASP.NET是.NET框架的一部分，是新一代的Web开发平台，亦是本课题采用的开发平台，因此本文对其作了详细介绍。随后本文讨论了课题研究的一种针对Web应用的特点提出的开发过程。此过程应用了统一建模语言(UML)，因此本文也简要介绍了UML。最后，通过公路建设质量管理系统的开发，本文阐述了如何应用工程化的方法，解决Web应用程序开发中的风险控制、开发效率、需求分析以及系统的弹性、健壮性、安全性等方面的问题。
The computer industry is developing rapidly. New techniques are emerging in endlessly; new methods are being studied for enhancing the efficiency of developing software. As the Internet growing fleetly, the computing mode has been changed accordingly. Software written using Browser/Server mode, which replace software written using Client/Server mode becoming the mainstream in the market, are being popularized rapidly thanks to their flexible structures, their easy way to operate, to deploy and to maintenance, and has been applied extensively.
Nevertheless, with the continuous improvement of the computing power and the standing growth of people's demands of the software functions, the software products become huger and huger. There are more and more uncertain factors in the software development course, construction cycle and the risks of the development are difficult to control. All of these restrict the development of large-scale software.
For the sake of business, many industry big giants released their development platforms early or late. These platforms, which are unique in their styles, competing and influencing reciprocally, make software developers puzzled. Among these platforms, Microsoft's .NET and Sun's J2EE are the most representative.
To take the advantage of B/S mode better, the development modes of B/S mode software has been discussed in my task, while absorbing the strongpoint of other modes on the current circumstance.
The change of the computing mode has been analyzed firstly in this dissertation, then the multilayer architecture in details. The MVC design pattern which has been applied widely in Web application's development at present has also been covered as well as the advantages and disadvantages of both multilayer architecture and MVC pattern. Whereas .NET platform is a relative new one and got many innovations while absorbing the strongpoint of former platforms, we decided using .NET platform in the task. The .NET platform has been discussed
detailed in the dissertation, from the composing to the advantage of using it along with the solutions provided by the platform. ASP.NET is part of .NET platform, and new generation of Web development platform, and also the platform used in my task, so it has been discussed in detail. A process aimed at Web applications' development has been discussed in the following part of the dissertation. Because UML has been used in the process, it has also been discussed in this dissertation.
In the following chapter, we have discussed how to solve the questions in B/S framework software development such as risk controlling, development efficiency; demand analyzing and systematic elasticity, robustness, security, etc. under the direction of the process we discussed in the former chapter, through the practice of developing Highway construction quality management system.
引文
[1]Jeffrey Richter．NET框架程序设计，李建忠．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[2]Rahmel..NETFramework Programmer's Reference. McGraw Hill Book Company, 2002
[3]Rebecca Riordan．ADO．NET程序设计，高健，孙瑛霖译．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[4]Mike Gunderloy．ADO与ADO．NET编程指南，邱仲潘．北京：电子工业出版社2002
[5]John Kauffman．ASP．NET数据库入门经典—C#编程篇，张哲峰黄翔宇．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[6]Jason Bell，Mike Clark等．ASP．NET程序员参考手册，赵彦敏．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[7]Roert Lair，Jason Lefebvre．ASP．NET开发人员手册，张俊，何长松．北京：电子工业出版社，2002
[8]Richard Anderson，Brian Francis．ASP．NET高级编程，王毅，杨浩等．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[9]Douglas J．Reilly．ASP．NET Web应用程序开发新思维，赵海，许进，马静静．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[10]Russ Basiura，Mike Batongbacal。ASP．NET Web服务高级编程，康博译．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[11]Ashish Banerjel，Aravind Corera等．C# Web服务高级编程，康博．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[12]Robert Tabor．NET XML Web服务，徐继伟，英宇．北京：机械工业出版社，2002
[13]Dinar Dalvi，Joe Gray等．．NET XML高级编程，英宇，林琪，费广正．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[14]Reynolds..NET Enterprise Development In C#:From Design To Deployment. Wrox Press, 2002
[15]Paul Kimmel．C#编程深度探索，金旭日，伊高锋，徐焱．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[16]Robert Powell，Richard weeks．C#和．NET架构，袁鹏飞．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002
[17]Eric J．Naiburg，Robert A．Maksimchuk．UML数据库设计应用，陈立军，郭旭．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002．
[18]Jim Conallen．用UML构建WEB应用，陈起，英宇．北京：中国电力出版社，2003
[19]Joseph Schmuller．UML基础、案例与应用，李虎，王美英，万里威．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002．
[20]Craig Larman．UML和模式应用：面向对象分析与设计导论，姚淑珍，李虎．北京：机械工业出版社，2002
[21]R．J．Torres．用户界面设计与开发精解，张林刚，梁海华．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[22]James A．Whittaker．实用软件测试指南，马良荔，俞立军．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[23]John Vacca．Intranet的安全性，史宗海等，北京：电子工业出版社，2000
[24]Dilip c．Naik，Internet标准与协议，博彦公司．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[25]Ivar Jacobson，Grady Booch，James Rumbaugh．统一软件开发过程，周伯生，冯学民，樊东平．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．
[26]Scott w．Ambler．敏捷建模，张嘉路等．北京：机械工业出版社，2003
[27]Kent Beck．解析极限编程——拥抱变化，唐东铭．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002
[28]David S．Frankel．应用MDA，鲍志云．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．
[29]Martin Fowler．重构——改善既有代码的设计，侯杰，熊节．北京：中国电力出版社，2003
[30]Erich Gamma，Richard Helm，Ralph Johnson等．设计模式——可复用面向对象软件的基础．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．
[31]微软公司．Microsoft SQL Server 2000数据库编程，张长富．北京：北京希望电子出版社，2001
[32]Michael Reilly，Michelle Poolet．SQL Server 2000设计与T-SQL编程，卢庆龄，王芹，李东．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[33]余金山等．SQL Server 2000编程指南．北京：希望电子出版社，2001
[34]Michael Otey，Paul Conte．SQL Server 2000开发指南，陈恩义，吴强，刘鸿波．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[35]Karanjit S．Siyan．中文Windows 2000 Server专业参考，前导工作室．北京：机械工业出版社，2001
[36]David Chappell．深入理解Microsoft Windows 2000分布式服务，潘爱民．北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[37]Rational Corp., http://www-305.ibm.com/software/rational/
[38]微软(中国)公司，http://www.microsoft.com/china/homepage/ms.htm
[39]软件工程专家网，http://www.51cmm.com/
[40]UMLChina, http://www.umlchina.com/
[2]Rahmel..NETFramework Programmer's Reference. McGraw Hill Book Company, 2002
[3]Rebecca Riordan．ADO．NET程序设计，高健，孙瑛霖译．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[4]Mike Gunderloy．ADO与ADO．NET编程指南，邱仲潘．北京：电子工业出版社2002
[5]John Kauffman．ASP．NET数据库入门经典—C#编程篇，张哲峰黄翔宇．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[6]Jason Bell，Mike Clark等．ASP．NET程序员参考手册，赵彦敏．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[7]Roert Lair，Jason Lefebvre．ASP．NET开发人员手册，张俊，何长松．北京：电子工业出版社，2002
[8]Richard Anderson，Brian Francis．ASP．NET高级编程，王毅，杨浩等．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[9]Douglas J．Reilly．ASP．NET Web应用程序开发新思维，赵海，许进，马静静．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[10]Russ Basiura，Mike Batongbacal。ASP．NET Web服务高级编程，康博译．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[11]Ashish Banerjel，Aravind Corera等．C# Web服务高级编程，康博．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[12]Robert Tabor．NET XML Web服务，徐继伟，英宇．北京：机械工业出版社，2002
[13]Dinar Dalvi，Joe Gray等．．NET XML高级编程，英宇，林琪，费广正．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[14]Reynolds..NET Enterprise Development In C#:From Design To Deployment. Wrox Press, 2002
[15]Paul Kimmel．C#编程深度探索，金旭日，伊高锋，徐焱．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[16]Robert Powell，Richard weeks．C#和．NET架构，袁鹏飞．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002
[17]Eric J．Naiburg，Robert A．Maksimchuk．UML数据库设计应用，陈立军，郭旭．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002．
[18]Jim Conallen．用UML构建WEB应用，陈起，英宇．北京：中国电力出版社，2003
[19]Joseph Schmuller．UML基础、案例与应用，李虎，王美英，万里威．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002．
[20]Craig Larman．UML和模式应用：面向对象分析与设计导论，姚淑珍，李虎．北京：机械工业出版社，2002
[21]R．J．Torres．用户界面设计与开发精解，张林刚，梁海华．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[22]James A．Whittaker．实用软件测试指南，马良荔，俞立军．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[23]John Vacca．Intranet的安全性，史宗海等，北京：电子工业出版社，2000
[24]Dilip c．Naik，Internet标准与协议，博彦公司．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[25]Ivar Jacobson，Grady Booch，James Rumbaugh．统一软件开发过程，周伯生，冯学民，樊东平．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．
[26]Scott w．Ambler．敏捷建模，张嘉路等．北京：机械工业出版社，2003
[27]Kent Beck．解析极限编程——拥抱变化，唐东铭．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002
[28]David S．Frankel．应用MDA，鲍志云．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．
[29]Martin Fowler．重构——改善既有代码的设计，侯杰，熊节．北京：中国电力出版社，2003
[30]Erich Gamma，Richard Helm，Ralph Johnson等．设计模式——可复用面向对象软件的基础．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．
[31]微软公司．Microsoft SQL Server 2000数据库编程，张长富．北京：北京希望电子出版社，2001
[32]Michael Reilly，Michelle Poolet．SQL Server 2000设计与T-SQL编程，卢庆龄，王芹，李东．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[33]余金山等．SQL Server 2000编程指南．北京：希望电子出版社，2001
[34]Michael Otey，Paul Conte．SQL Server 2000开发指南，陈恩义，吴强，刘鸿波．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[35]Karanjit S．Siyan．中文Windows 2000 Server专业参考，前导工作室．北京：机械工业出版社，2001
[36]David Chappell．深入理解Microsoft Windows 2000分布式服务，潘爱民．北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[37]Rational Corp., http://www-305.ibm.com/software/rational/
[38]微软(中国)公司，http://www.microsoft.com/china/homepage/ms.htm
[39]软件工程专家网，http://www.51cmm.com/
[40]UMLChina, http://www.umlchina.com/
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