基于反射的中间件设计
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摘要
中间件系统由于其在扩展性、重用性、安全性等方面的优良特性，已经在各种软件系统的开发中广泛使用。传统的中间件设计方法一般遵循黑箱抽象原则，缺乏必要的开放性和灵活性。本文中的中间件系统基于开放实现的思想，采用反射技术进行设计，使其可以根据环境和用户需求的变化进行灵活地调整。
本文地研究工作来自于ICETIP(Information-Centered Enterprise Transaction Integrated Process System)项目，它是一种基于三层模型的企业信息化的通用软件平台，其服务端程序使用本文中提出的反射中间件模型进行设计。
首先，对开放实现理论和反射技术进行了研究。在此基础之上，提出了关联绑定具体化反射模型和虚拟服务端的概念，该模型是整个系统的关键所在，通过该模型实现系统的动态调整和配置；并据此反射模型，采用对象池设计方法，设计了反射中间件系统模型，通过该模型实现系统结构的重组。
然后，将该模型应用到ICETIP系统的服务端程序设计中，设计完成了该服务程序的中间件系统框架。在该框架下，通过修改配置文件可以灵活方便地调整系统的结构和功能，而无需重新编译系统。
最后，从消息排队的角度对中间件系统模型进行了抽象，针对中间件服务能力建立了多优先级非抢占M／M／n队列模型，对中间件系统的排队队列长度、消息等待时间、消息逗留时间、服务窗口数等指标进行了深入分析，并给出了一套完整的对中间件服务能力进行分析与优化的通用方法和计算公式。
Middleware has been widely used in the enterprise information systems because of its expansibility, security and highly reusable ability. According to the traditional design method, black-box principle, all the details of the software module are invisible. But it is not flexible enough to adapt to the complex and variable applications and environment.
In this thesis, a reflective middleware model is designed based on open implement and reflection. It is more flexible than the traditional middleware. The middleware designed is a sub-system of ICETIP (Information-Centered Enterprise Transaction Integrated Process System) project, which is a general three-tiered platform used to construct the enterprise application.
First, a relationship-binding-reification reflection model and the concept of virtual server are proposed based on the research of the open implement theory and reflection technique. They are the key parts of the whole middleware. Based on this reflection model, the reflective middleware model is designed and can be reconfigured and adjusted dynamically.
Then, the middleware model is used to construct the framework of the ICETIP server program. In this framework, the structure and function of the system can be modified and reconfigured without recompiling.
At last, the service performance of the middleware is analyzed. Aimed at the analysis and optimization for the service performance of middleware, the nonpreemptive priority M/M n queue model and analyses on the queue length, wait time, remain time and service window are presented. A general method and a set of algorithms for the analysis and optimization are also proposed.
本文地研究工作来自于ICETIP(Information-Centered Enterprise Transaction Integrated Process System)项目，它是一种基于三层模型的企业信息化的通用软件平台，其服务端程序使用本文中提出的反射中间件模型进行设计。
首先，对开放实现理论和反射技术进行了研究。在此基础之上，提出了关联绑定具体化反射模型和虚拟服务端的概念，该模型是整个系统的关键所在，通过该模型实现系统的动态调整和配置；并据此反射模型，采用对象池设计方法，设计了反射中间件系统模型，通过该模型实现系统结构的重组。
然后，将该模型应用到ICETIP系统的服务端程序设计中，设计完成了该服务程序的中间件系统框架。在该框架下，通过修改配置文件可以灵活方便地调整系统的结构和功能，而无需重新编译系统。
最后，从消息排队的角度对中间件系统模型进行了抽象，针对中间件服务能力建立了多优先级非抢占M／M／n队列模型，对中间件系统的排队队列长度、消息等待时间、消息逗留时间、服务窗口数等指标进行了深入分析，并给出了一套完整的对中间件服务能力进行分析与优化的通用方法和计算公式。
Middleware has been widely used in the enterprise information systems because of its expansibility, security and highly reusable ability. According to the traditional design method, black-box principle, all the details of the software module are invisible. But it is not flexible enough to adapt to the complex and variable applications and environment.
In this thesis, a reflective middleware model is designed based on open implement and reflection. It is more flexible than the traditional middleware. The middleware designed is a sub-system of ICETIP (Information-Centered Enterprise Transaction Integrated Process System) project, which is a general three-tiered platform used to construct the enterprise application.
First, a relationship-binding-reification reflection model and the concept of virtual server are proposed based on the research of the open implement theory and reflection technique. They are the key parts of the whole middleware. Based on this reflection model, the reflective middleware model is designed and can be reconfigured and adjusted dynamically.
Then, the middleware model is used to construct the framework of the ICETIP server program. In this framework, the structure and function of the system can be modified and reconfigured without recompiling.
At last, the service performance of the middleware is analyzed. Aimed at the analysis and optimization for the service performance of middleware, the nonpreemptive priority M/M n queue model and analyses on the queue length, wait time, remain time and service window are presented. A general method and a set of algorithms for the analysis and optimization are also proposed.
引文
【1】 Beyond the black box: open implementation, Kiczales, G.;Software, IEEE Software, Volume: 13 Issue:1 Page:8, 10-11, Jan. 1996
【2】 Open Implementations and Metaobject Protocols, Gregor Kiczales, Andreas Paepcke, Copyright 1995 Xerox Corporation
【3】 Open Implementation Analysis and Design, Chris Maeda, Arthur Lee, Xerox PARC, available at http://www2.parc.com/csl/groups/sda/projects/oi-at-parc/methodology.html#oiguide
【4】 Open Implementation Design Guidelines, In Proc. of international Conf. on Software Engineering, 1997
【5】 white paper of open implementation analysis and design, Copyright 1995 Xerox Corporation
【6】 Concepts and Experiments in Computational Reflection, C.Maes, Conference on Object Oriented Programming Systems Languages and Applications, Pages:147-155, Oct 1987
【7】 The case for reflective middleware, Fabio Kon, Fabio Costa, Conmmnications of the ACM, Volume 45, Issue 6, SPECIAL ISSUE: Adaptive middleware, Pages:33-38, June 2002
【8】 Procedural reflection in programming languages, Brian Cantwell Smith. PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 1982
【9】 What is Reflective Middleware, Geoff Coulson, available at http://dsonline.computer.org/middleware/RMarticle 1.htm
【10】 Concepts and experiments in computational reflection, Pattie Maes, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Volume 22, Issue 12 Pages: 147-155, December 1987
【11】 The Art of Meta object Protocol, Kiczales, G., des Rivires, J., and Bobrow, D.G., MIT Press, 1991
【12】 Computational reflection in Class-based Object Oriented Languages, J. Ferber., Conference on Object Oriented Programming Systems Languages and Applications, Pages: 317 - 326, 1989
【13】 Design and Implementation of Runtime Reflection in Communication Middleware: the DynamicTAO Case, M.Roman, EKon, and R.Compell. In Proceeding of the ICDCS'99 Workshop on Middleware, Austion, Texas. May 31-Jun.5,1999
【14】 An Architecture for Next Generation Middleware, G.S. Blair, G.Coulson, ERobin, and M.Papathomas. In Proceedings of IFIP International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms and Open Distributed Processing(middleware'98),Kluwer, Sep, 1998
【15】 Design and Implementation of a Composable Reflective Middleware Framework, Nalini V., Mayue D., The 21st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, April 16 - 19, 2001
【16】 Reflective Middleware Solutions for Context-Aware Applications, Licia Capra, Wolfgang Emmerich and Cecilia Mascolo, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 2192, Pages:126-130, 2001
【17】 Exploiting reflection in mobile computing middleware, Licia Capra, Gordon S. Blair, ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pages: 34 - 44, 2002
【18】 A Design Framework for e-Business Infrastructure Integration and Resource Management, Sudip Bhattacharjee, R. Ramesh, and Stanley Zionts. [J]. IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics-part c: applications and reviews, Vol.31, No.3, August 2001
【19】 Integrating meta-information management and reflection in middleware, Costa, EM., Blair, G.S., Distributed Objects and Applications. DOA '00. International Symposium on Feb, 2000
【20】 IEEE distributed system online, middleware. Available at http://dsonline.computer.org/middleware/index.htm.
【21】 RM'2000-Workshop on Reflective Middleware, in the IFIP/ACM international Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms and Open Distributed Processing (Middleware'2000), Apr.2000. Available at Http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/RM2000.
【22】 基于开放实现原理的中间件—反射中间件的研究，杨思忠，电子科技大学，博士论文，2002．4
【23】 中间件服务性能建模与分析，段雪峰、张新家、戴冠中，计算机应用，2004．1
【24】 中间件及其在三层客户／服务器模型中的应用，宋晓梁等，计算机应用， 1999，7，Vol19．No．7
【25】 基于中间件的客户／多服务器协作模型的研究及应用，王飞杰等．计算机应用，2001，6，Vol2 1，No．6
【26】 排队论基础，孙容桓，李剑平，北京：科学出版社，2002
【27】 排队论及其在计算机通信中的应用，盛友招，北京：北京邮电大学出版社．1998
【28】 随机过程，王自果，田铮，西安：西北工业大学出版社，1990
【2】 Open Implementations and Metaobject Protocols, Gregor Kiczales, Andreas Paepcke, Copyright 1995 Xerox Corporation
【3】 Open Implementation Analysis and Design, Chris Maeda, Arthur Lee, Xerox PARC, available at http://www2.parc.com/csl/groups/sda/projects/oi-at-parc/methodology.html#oiguide
【4】 Open Implementation Design Guidelines, In Proc. of international Conf. on Software Engineering, 1997
【5】 white paper of open implementation analysis and design, Copyright 1995 Xerox Corporation
【6】 Concepts and Experiments in Computational Reflection, C.Maes, Conference on Object Oriented Programming Systems Languages and Applications, Pages:147-155, Oct 1987
【7】 The case for reflective middleware, Fabio Kon, Fabio Costa, Conmmnications of the ACM, Volume 45, Issue 6, SPECIAL ISSUE: Adaptive middleware, Pages:33-38, June 2002
【8】 Procedural reflection in programming languages, Brian Cantwell Smith. PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 1982
【9】 What is Reflective Middleware, Geoff Coulson, available at http://dsonline.computer.org/middleware/RMarticle 1.htm
【10】 Concepts and experiments in computational reflection, Pattie Maes, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Volume 22, Issue 12 Pages: 147-155, December 1987
【11】 The Art of Meta object Protocol, Kiczales, G., des Rivires, J., and Bobrow, D.G., MIT Press, 1991
【12】 Computational reflection in Class-based Object Oriented Languages, J. Ferber., Conference on Object Oriented Programming Systems Languages and Applications, Pages: 317 - 326, 1989
【13】 Design and Implementation of Runtime Reflection in Communication Middleware: the DynamicTAO Case, M.Roman, EKon, and R.Compell. In Proceeding of the ICDCS'99 Workshop on Middleware, Austion, Texas. May 31-Jun.5,1999
【14】 An Architecture for Next Generation Middleware, G.S. Blair, G.Coulson, ERobin, and M.Papathomas. In Proceedings of IFIP International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms and Open Distributed Processing(middleware'98),Kluwer, Sep, 1998
【15】 Design and Implementation of a Composable Reflective Middleware Framework, Nalini V., Mayue D., The 21st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, April 16 - 19, 2001
【16】 Reflective Middleware Solutions for Context-Aware Applications, Licia Capra, Wolfgang Emmerich and Cecilia Mascolo, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 2192, Pages:126-130, 2001
【17】 Exploiting reflection in mobile computing middleware, Licia Capra, Gordon S. Blair, ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pages: 34 - 44, 2002
【18】 A Design Framework for e-Business Infrastructure Integration and Resource Management, Sudip Bhattacharjee, R. Ramesh, and Stanley Zionts. [J]. IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics-part c: applications and reviews, Vol.31, No.3, August 2001
【19】 Integrating meta-information management and reflection in middleware, Costa, EM., Blair, G.S., Distributed Objects and Applications. DOA '00. International Symposium on Feb, 2000
【20】 IEEE distributed system online, middleware. Available at http://dsonline.computer.org/middleware/index.htm.
【21】 RM'2000-Workshop on Reflective Middleware, in the IFIP/ACM international Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms and Open Distributed Processing (Middleware'2000), Apr.2000. Available at Http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/RM2000.
【22】 基于开放实现原理的中间件—反射中间件的研究，杨思忠，电子科技大学，博士论文，2002．4
【23】 中间件服务性能建模与分析，段雪峰、张新家、戴冠中，计算机应用，2004．1
【24】 中间件及其在三层客户／服务器模型中的应用，宋晓梁等，计算机应用， 1999，7，Vol19．No．7
【25】 基于中间件的客户／多服务器协作模型的研究及应用，王飞杰等．计算机应用，2001，6，Vol2 1，No．6
【26】 排队论基础，孙容桓，李剑平，北京：科学出版社，2002
【27】 排队论及其在计算机通信中的应用，盛友招，北京：北京邮电大学出版社．1998
【28】 随机过程，王自果，田铮，西安：西北工业大学出版社，1990
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