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电信企业竞争力分析——中国移动通信集团个案分析
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摘要
2002年年底,中国电信再次被拆分为南北两个部分,这标志着我国电信市场正式进入了中国电信、中国网通、中国移动、中国联通、中国铁通和中国卫通六家寡头全面竞争的时代。加之全球电信市场的回暖和3G时代的即将到来,中国电信市场在未来几年将进入竞争日益加剧的全新的发展阶段。在这种背景下,清楚辨析企业的竞争力所在,进而制定有效的发展战略已成为我国电信运营商制胜未来国际电信市场的关键。
    基于上述思考,笔者决定从微观的角度对电信企业如何进行竞争力分析进行实证性研究。企业的竞争力是由环境、资源和能力三方面共同决定的。在本论文中,笔者从电信市场寡头竞争的本质出发,综合运用了结构学派、资源学派和能力学派三大现代战略理论流派的有关观点,构建了适于电信企业的竞争力分析框架:产业结构分析——企业SWOT分析——竞争对手行为分析。借助这三个步骤,笔者提出了由外而内对企业的竞争力进行了全面分析的方法,以此作为企业有针对性地制定竞争战略的基础。
    在理论分析基础上,笔者以具有代表性的中国移动通信集团为例,对该分析框架进行了尝试性的实证运用,并在对中国移动所处内外部环境全面分析的基础上,提出了对中国移动未来发展的战略建议。目的是希望以此样本为说明,使该竞争力分析框架能普遍地适用于其它电信业运营企业,由此实现对理论的实证性运用。
In 2002, China telecom was split into two sections, which represented Chinese telecommunication market entered a six-oligarch competition era. Moreover, with the forthcoming arrival of 3G and extensive entrance of international telecommunication magnates, all of Chinese telecommunication corporations will face more and more fierce competition. Therefore, clearly recognizing one’s competitiveness and then establishing the effective competitive strategies have become the key tasks for Chinese telecommunication corporations’ healthy development.
    Under above-mentioned backgrounds, the author decided to fulfill a positivism study in respect of how to analyze telecommunication corporations’ competitiveness from a microcosmic angle. According to the definition of the modern strategy theory, a corporation’s competitiveness rests with environment, resource and competence, so the competitiveness analysis framework is built around these three factors. In this thesis, on the basis of the nature of oligarch competition of telecommunication market, the author synthesized the viewpoints of Structure School, Resource School an Competence School to build the competitiveness analysis framework: the analysis of the industry’s structure—the corporation’s SWOT analysis—the competitors’ behavior analysis. Through these three steps, the author clarified the detailed methods and criteria to define a corporation’s competitiveness, which can serve as a basis to establish the corporation’s competitive strategy.
    Then the author chose China Mobile, a representative telecommunication corporation, to make a tentative analysis under this framework. By using a large amount of data and market information, the author roundly analyzed the exterior and interior environments of China Mobile. According to the analysis results, the author put forward some competitive strategies for China Mobile from three respects, which aimed at replying the competitors’ behavior, reducing competitive disadvantages and improving competitive advantages, respectively. With the example of China Mobile,
    
    
    the author hope to make the competitiveness analysis framework suitable for other telecommunication corporations as well, and then achieve the objective of the positivism exertion of the theory.
    This thesis incorporates six sectors: (1) Introduction: in this chapter, the author made a general explain about the backgrounds of the thesis, the definition of competitiveness and the overall structure of the thesis; (2) the Description of Relevant Theories: the author introduced the theories of oligarch competition, SWOT analysis framework, Structure School, Resource School and Competence School, which provided a theory basis for the following establishment of the competitiveness analysis framework.(3) the Competitiveness Analysis Framework: the author established the competitiveness analysis framework by synthesizing the viewpoints of above mentioned theory schools, which is suitable for the characteristic of the competition of the telecommunication market.(4) the Introduction of Chinese Telecommunication Market: this chapter covers the history, governance system and industry characteristic of Chinese mobile telecommunication industry and the background of China Mobile. (5) the Analysis of China Mobile’s Competitiveness: in this chapter, the author intensively analyzed the industry structure of Chinese mobile telecommunication market, the SWOT situation of China Mobile and the behavior of competitors by using the analysis framework.. (6) the Proposal of China Mobile’s Competitive Strategy: According the analysis results, the author put forward the corresponding strategies from three respects.
引文
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