两个《哈姆雷特》中译本修辞格翻译对比研究
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摘要
莎士比亚，世界文学史上最伟大的戏剧家，几个世纪以来都被世界人民所怀念，世人以极大的热情阅读，热爱，怀念他的作品，并把这些作品搬上舞台。在中国，众多的翻译家都被莎士比亚剧作中的美所感动，并竭尽全力对莎剧进行翻译。在对莎士比亚作品的翻译中，朱生豪和梁实秋是莎剧翻译的两个代表人物。他们对莎剧的翻译做出了不可估量的贡献，而且他们翻译的莎剧对中国读者的影响是无人可替代的。《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚的代表作之一，也是他创作的顶峰之作。《哈姆雷特》中修辞格的用法是其最突出的特点，也是吸引读者和观众的最重要的原因。本篇论文通过对比朱生豪和梁实秋两个《哈姆雷特》中译版本来研究《哈姆雷特》中的修辞作用，本文作者试图得到结论：这两个译本风格虽然有很大的不同，但都再现原作的面貌而且在处理修辞上都有各自的成功之处。本文也进一步讨论了如何完成处理修辞对等的方法。通过大量的分析工作，本文作者进一步得出结论：翻译是一门艺术，可以使译者在客观约束以外进行再创造。
本文主要是对两个精彩的翻译版本《哈姆雷特》的对比研究。修辞作用是本文作者的兴趣所在。在本文中所做的所有努力都是为了使读者对译本有更深的印象，并且证明给读者翻译工作是可以作为艺术来欣赏的。
As the greatest dramatist in the world literature, Shakespeare is remembered by the entire world for centuries and his works are read, put onto the stage, loved and memorized with an intense passion. In China, a lot of translators arc touched by the beauty of Shakespeare's works, to have devoted hard to translating of Shakespeare. Zhu Shenghao and Liang Shiqiu are two typical representatives among the translators of Shakespeare and they have contributed greatly to Shakespearean Study beyond measure and the effects their translated versions have on the Chinese readers can not be surpassed by anyone else. Hamlet is one of the masterpieces of Shakespeare and can be reckoned as the summit of all Shakespeare's works. The rhetorical usages in Hamlet are the most distinguishing feature and the most important reason to attract the readers and audience. This thesis gives a study of the rhetorical impacts in Hamlet. by comparing and contrasting the two Chinese version of Hamlet, by Zhu Shenghao and Liang Shiqiu. The author intends to conclude that the styles of these two translated works are in a sharp contrast, but both reproduce the force of the original version, and both are successful in treating the rhetoric. The methods how to accomplish the equivalence of the rhetoric impacts are discussed in this paper. Through this tremendous amount of analysis work, this author comes to a further conclusion that translation can be an art, beyond its objective constraint, to free the translators in recreation.
This paper is mainly a contrasting work between the two great translated versions of Hamlet. The rhetoric impact in it is the interest of the author. All the efforts in this paper intend to impress readers the charm in the translated versions, and to convince readers that translating work can be enjoyed as an art.
本文主要是对两个精彩的翻译版本《哈姆雷特》的对比研究。修辞作用是本文作者的兴趣所在。在本文中所做的所有努力都是为了使读者对译本有更深的印象，并且证明给读者翻译工作是可以作为艺术来欣赏的。
As the greatest dramatist in the world literature, Shakespeare is remembered by the entire world for centuries and his works are read, put onto the stage, loved and memorized with an intense passion. In China, a lot of translators arc touched by the beauty of Shakespeare's works, to have devoted hard to translating of Shakespeare. Zhu Shenghao and Liang Shiqiu are two typical representatives among the translators of Shakespeare and they have contributed greatly to Shakespearean Study beyond measure and the effects their translated versions have on the Chinese readers can not be surpassed by anyone else. Hamlet is one of the masterpieces of Shakespeare and can be reckoned as the summit of all Shakespeare's works. The rhetorical usages in Hamlet are the most distinguishing feature and the most important reason to attract the readers and audience. This thesis gives a study of the rhetorical impacts in Hamlet. by comparing and contrasting the two Chinese version of Hamlet, by Zhu Shenghao and Liang Shiqiu. The author intends to conclude that the styles of these two translated works are in a sharp contrast, but both reproduce the force of the original version, and both are successful in treating the rhetoric. The methods how to accomplish the equivalence of the rhetoric impacts are discussed in this paper. Through this tremendous amount of analysis work, this author comes to a further conclusion that translation can be an art, beyond its objective constraint, to free the translators in recreation.
This paper is mainly a contrasting work between the two great translated versions of Hamlet. The rhetoric impact in it is the interest of the author. All the efforts in this paper intend to impress readers the charm in the translated versions, and to convince readers that translating work can be enjoyed as an art.
引文
Anthony Burgess. 1970. Shakespeare. Jonathan Cape Ltd, London.
Aristotle. 1997. On Poetry and Style. Hackett Publishing Co.
Bassnett, S. 1991. Translation Studies. London: Routledge.
Bayley, J. 1981. Shakespeare and Tragedy. London: Toutledge & Kegan Paul.
Bradley, A. C. 1952. Shakespearean Tragedy. London: Macmillan & Co.Ltd.
Blake, G. L.1976. The Language of Shakespeare. London: Macmillan.
Clemen, W. H. 1951. The Development of Shakespeare's imagery. Harvard University Press.
Cuddon, J. A. 1979. A Dictionary of Literary Terms. Westport: Greenwood Press.
Corbett, E. P. J. and Robert J. Connors. 1999. Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student. New York.
Donald Joseph Mcginn. Shakespeare's Influence on the Drama of His Age, Rutgers University Press, 1965, Second Octagon printing 1973.
Evans, B. I. 1964. The Language of Shakespeare's Plays. London: Methuen.
Evan, G. B.(ed) 1974. The Riverside Shakespeare. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Feng Shize. Literal Translation, Free translation and word-for-word Translation. Translation Journal, No.2, 1981.
Frye, R. M. 1982. Shakespeare: the Art of the Dramatist. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Gerald Eades Bentley. Shakespeare—A Biographical Handbook, Yale University Press, 1961.
Gill, R. (ed) 1992. Hamlet. Oxford University press.
Gentzler, E. 1933. Contemporary Translation Theories. London: Routledge.
Heylen, R. 1993. Translation, Poetics, and the Stage—six French Hamlets. London: Routledge.
Hu Shuzhong 2002. English rhetoric. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Joseph, M. 1966. Shakespeare's use of the arts of language. London: Routledge.
Kenneth Muir. The Sources of Shakespeare's Plays, Methuen & Co. Ltd, 1977.
Loh, Dian-yang, Translation, Its Principles and Technique, 1958.
Liu Chongde. 1991. Ten Lectures on Literary Translation. China Translation Publishing House.
Leech, G. N. and Michael H. Short(1981) Style In Fiction, London: Longman.
Mobius International Ltd. The Shakespeare Handbook, G.K. Hall and Company, 1987.
Ma Zuyi, 1980. On the Technique of Translation from English into Chinese. Jiangsu People's Publishing House.
Ma Zuyi, 1984. A Short History of Translation in China. China Translation and Publishing Corporation.
Mahood, M. M. 1957. Shakespeare's Wordplay. London: Methuen.
N. F. Blake, 1989. The Language of Shakespeare. Macmillan Education Ltd.
Nida, Eugene A. (1964) Towards a Science of Translating. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Nida and Charles R. Taber. 1969. The Theory and Practice of Ttransltion. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Nida, E. A. 1993. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nida, E. A. (1986) and Waard, Jan de From One Language toAnother, Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
Newmark, Peter(1988) A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall.
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English. 1987. The Commercial Press & Oxford University Press.
Particia Bizzell and Bruce Herzberg, 1990. General Introduction to the Rhetorical Tradition. Boston: Bedford of St. Martin's Press.
Qiu, Ke'an(ed) 1998. Hamlet. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Richard A. Lanham. 1991. A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms. The University of California Press.
Robert Weimann. 1972. Shakespeare's Word-Play: Popular Origins and Theatrical
Functions. University of Toronto Press.
Sebeok, T. A., ed. Style in Language. Cambridge, Mass., 1960.
Spurgeon, C. F. E. 1965. Shakespeare's Imagery and What it Tells Us. Cambridge Univ. Press.
Savory, Theodore, 1957. The Art of Translation, Jenathan Cape, Thirty Bedford Square, London.
Ulmann, Stephen. 1966. Language and Style. New York.
Wolfram Wilss. The Science of Translation—Problems and Methods Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
William Allan Neilson, Ph.D. and Ashley Horace Thorndike, Ph.D., L.H.D. 1922. The facts about Shakespeare. The Macmillan Company.
Zhang, Dingxing and Tan Haitao. "Study on Shakespeare's Sources of Hamlet",Journal of Foreign Languages, 1994.2
崔永禄．《文学翻译佳作对比赏析》．南开大学出版社2000年10月。
陈望道．《修辞学发凡》．上海：中国文化服务社．1947
桂扬清．《埃文河畔的巨人莎士比亚》．上海外语教育出版社1996年12月。
何善芬．《英汉语言对比研究》．上海外语教育出版社 2002。
胡曙中．《英汉修辞比较研究》．上海外语教育出版社 1993
胡曙中．《英汉新修辞学研究》．上海外语教育出版社 1999。
金隄．《等效翻译探索》．中国对外翻译出版公司 1998年7月。
梁实秋．《莎士比亚四大悲剧》．中国广播电视出版社 远东图书公司 2002。
刘宓庆．《当代翻译理论》．台北：书林出版公司 1993
刘宓庆．《文体与翻译》．中国对外翻译出版公司 1985
马红军．《翻译批评散论》．中国对外翻译公司 2000年1月第一版。
彭启良．《翻译与比较》．商务印书馆 1980年版
吴平．《英汉修辞手段比较》．安徽教育出版社 2001。
王佐良．《莎士比亚绪论—兼及中国莎学》．重庆出版社，1991。
喻云根．《英美名著翻译比较》．湖北教育出版社 1996年版
余立三．《英汉修辞比较与翻译》．商务印书馆 1985。
严复(译)．《书本天演论》．上海文明书局 1923
张今．《文学翻译原理》．河南大学出版社1987年版
周兆祥．《汉译<哈姆雷特>研究》．香港中丈大学1981
朱生豪．《哈姆雷特》．中国国际广播出版社 2001
郑子瑜．《中国修辞学史稿》．上海教育出版社 1995
龚雪萍．“翻译中的风格问题”《中国当代翻译百论》(杜承南，文军主编)．重庆大学出版社，1994年版。
顾延龄．“刘重德教授的翻译观”《外国语》1991年第1期。
黄龙．“翻译的神韵观”《翻译新论》(杨自俭，刘学云编)．湖北教育出版社1994年版
裘克安．“略议莎剧汉译技巧”．《人民日报·海外版》，1991年6月13日。
申恩荣．“莎士比亚剧中语言的排比与对照”．《外国语》1990年第2期。
肖运初．“新版《莎士比亚全集》汉译本校对札记”．《外语与翻译》1998年第3期。
余立三．“英汉翻译中修辞手法的运用”．《论英汉翻译技巧》中国对外翻译出版公司1986年版
张冲．“试体和散文的莎士比亚”．《外国语》1996年第6期。
张冲．“重译莎士比亚戏剧的形式问题”．《外语与翻译》第3期。
陈国华．“论莎剧重译”．《外语教学与研究》1997年第2期。
Aristotle. 1997. On Poetry and Style. Hackett Publishing Co.
Bassnett, S. 1991. Translation Studies. London: Routledge.
Bayley, J. 1981. Shakespeare and Tragedy. London: Toutledge & Kegan Paul.
Bradley, A. C. 1952. Shakespearean Tragedy. London: Macmillan & Co.Ltd.
Blake, G. L.1976. The Language of Shakespeare. London: Macmillan.
Clemen, W. H. 1951. The Development of Shakespeare's imagery. Harvard University Press.
Cuddon, J. A. 1979. A Dictionary of Literary Terms. Westport: Greenwood Press.
Corbett, E. P. J. and Robert J. Connors. 1999. Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student. New York.
Donald Joseph Mcginn. Shakespeare's Influence on the Drama of His Age, Rutgers University Press, 1965, Second Octagon printing 1973.
Evans, B. I. 1964. The Language of Shakespeare's Plays. London: Methuen.
Evan, G. B.(ed) 1974. The Riverside Shakespeare. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Feng Shize. Literal Translation, Free translation and word-for-word Translation. Translation Journal, No.2, 1981.
Frye, R. M. 1982. Shakespeare: the Art of the Dramatist. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Gerald Eades Bentley. Shakespeare—A Biographical Handbook, Yale University Press, 1961.
Gill, R. (ed) 1992. Hamlet. Oxford University press.
Gentzler, E. 1933. Contemporary Translation Theories. London: Routledge.
Heylen, R. 1993. Translation, Poetics, and the Stage—six French Hamlets. London: Routledge.
Hu Shuzhong 2002. English rhetoric. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Joseph, M. 1966. Shakespeare's use of the arts of language. London: Routledge.
Kenneth Muir. The Sources of Shakespeare's Plays, Methuen & Co. Ltd, 1977.
Loh, Dian-yang, Translation, Its Principles and Technique, 1958.
Liu Chongde. 1991. Ten Lectures on Literary Translation. China Translation Publishing House.
Leech, G. N. and Michael H. Short(1981) Style In Fiction, London: Longman.
Mobius International Ltd. The Shakespeare Handbook, G.K. Hall and Company, 1987.
Ma Zuyi, 1980. On the Technique of Translation from English into Chinese. Jiangsu People's Publishing House.
Ma Zuyi, 1984. A Short History of Translation in China. China Translation and Publishing Corporation.
Mahood, M. M. 1957. Shakespeare's Wordplay. London: Methuen.
N. F. Blake, 1989. The Language of Shakespeare. Macmillan Education Ltd.
Nida, Eugene A. (1964) Towards a Science of Translating. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Nida and Charles R. Taber. 1969. The Theory and Practice of Ttransltion. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Nida, E. A. 1993. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nida, E. A. (1986) and Waard, Jan de From One Language toAnother, Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
Newmark, Peter(1988) A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall.
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English. 1987. The Commercial Press & Oxford University Press.
Particia Bizzell and Bruce Herzberg, 1990. General Introduction to the Rhetorical Tradition. Boston: Bedford of St. Martin's Press.
Qiu, Ke'an(ed) 1998. Hamlet. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Richard A. Lanham. 1991. A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms. The University of California Press.
Robert Weimann. 1972. Shakespeare's Word-Play: Popular Origins and Theatrical
Functions. University of Toronto Press.
Sebeok, T. A., ed. Style in Language. Cambridge, Mass., 1960.
Spurgeon, C. F. E. 1965. Shakespeare's Imagery and What it Tells Us. Cambridge Univ. Press.
Savory, Theodore, 1957. The Art of Translation, Jenathan Cape, Thirty Bedford Square, London.
Ulmann, Stephen. 1966. Language and Style. New York.
Wolfram Wilss. The Science of Translation—Problems and Methods Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
William Allan Neilson, Ph.D. and Ashley Horace Thorndike, Ph.D., L.H.D. 1922. The facts about Shakespeare. The Macmillan Company.
Zhang, Dingxing and Tan Haitao. "Study on Shakespeare's Sources of Hamlet",Journal of Foreign Languages, 1994.2
崔永禄．《文学翻译佳作对比赏析》．南开大学出版社2000年10月。
陈望道．《修辞学发凡》．上海：中国文化服务社．1947
桂扬清．《埃文河畔的巨人莎士比亚》．上海外语教育出版社1996年12月。
何善芬．《英汉语言对比研究》．上海外语教育出版社 2002。
胡曙中．《英汉修辞比较研究》．上海外语教育出版社 1993
胡曙中．《英汉新修辞学研究》．上海外语教育出版社 1999。
金隄．《等效翻译探索》．中国对外翻译出版公司 1998年7月。
梁实秋．《莎士比亚四大悲剧》．中国广播电视出版社 远东图书公司 2002。
刘宓庆．《当代翻译理论》．台北：书林出版公司 1993
刘宓庆．《文体与翻译》．中国对外翻译出版公司 1985
马红军．《翻译批评散论》．中国对外翻译公司 2000年1月第一版。
彭启良．《翻译与比较》．商务印书馆 1980年版
吴平．《英汉修辞手段比较》．安徽教育出版社 2001。
王佐良．《莎士比亚绪论—兼及中国莎学》．重庆出版社，1991。
喻云根．《英美名著翻译比较》．湖北教育出版社 1996年版
余立三．《英汉修辞比较与翻译》．商务印书馆 1985。
严复(译)．《书本天演论》．上海文明书局 1923
张今．《文学翻译原理》．河南大学出版社1987年版
周兆祥．《汉译<哈姆雷特>研究》．香港中丈大学1981
朱生豪．《哈姆雷特》．中国国际广播出版社 2001
郑子瑜．《中国修辞学史稿》．上海教育出版社 1995
龚雪萍．“翻译中的风格问题”《中国当代翻译百论》(杜承南，文军主编)．重庆大学出版社，1994年版。
顾延龄．“刘重德教授的翻译观”《外国语》1991年第1期。
黄龙．“翻译的神韵观”《翻译新论》(杨自俭，刘学云编)．湖北教育出版社1994年版
裘克安．“略议莎剧汉译技巧”．《人民日报·海外版》，1991年6月13日。
申恩荣．“莎士比亚剧中语言的排比与对照”．《外国语》1990年第2期。
肖运初．“新版《莎士比亚全集》汉译本校对札记”．《外语与翻译》1998年第3期。
余立三．“英汉翻译中修辞手法的运用”．《论英汉翻译技巧》中国对外翻译出版公司1986年版
张冲．“试体和散文的莎士比亚”．《外国语》1996年第6期。
张冲．“重译莎士比亚戏剧的形式问题”．《外语与翻译》第3期。
陈国华．“论莎剧重译”．《外语教学与研究》1997年第2期。
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