船体板的屈曲和极限强度分析
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摘要
船体是由加筋板组成的薄壁箱形梁结构。船体梁的总体失效通常取决于甲板、船底板，有时候是舷侧加筋板的屈曲和塑性破坏。因此，对于衡量船体结构的安全性而言，对甲板、底板、舷侧板进行屈曲和极限强度分析是十分重要且必须的。对于加筋板而言，加强筋间的板格之局部屈曲和失效是最基本的失效模式。因此对组合载荷作用下加强筋间的板格的屈曲和极限强度的评估也很重要。
船体板的屈曲和极限强度取决于很多影响因素，主要有：板的几何尺寸、材料特性、载荷特征、初始缺陷(如初始变形和焊接残余应力)、边界条件以及腐蚀的影响、疲劳裂纹等。
作用在船体板上的载荷分量通常可以分为面内载荷和侧向压应力。面内载荷分为轴向压应力或拉应力、边缘剪切应力以及面内轴向弯曲应力。实际的船舶结构中面内载荷通常由船体梁的总纵弯曲或者船体梁的扭转引起。侧向压应力则由水压力和货物压力引起。
本文以船体板的屈曲和极限强度为研究目标，主要内容有：
·指出研究船体板屈曲和极限强度的意义和目的，简要回顾了国内外的研究现状。并提出本文的研究内容；
· 考虑残余应力、侧向压应力、开孔和扭转约束对于板格的屈曲强度的影响，讨论了各个因素影响下的板格的屈曲强度计算公式。并通过有限元计算对屈曲强度计算公式进行了分析与比较；
·根据大变形理论，通过板的非线性控制微分方程的分析，得到了各种组合载荷情况下的板格的极限强度计算公式。并考虑初始缺陷对极限强度的影响；
· 按照CCS “油船结构直接计算分析指南”(2004)对110，000DWT原油船进行有限元直接计算。针对各种规定的计算载荷工况，对该船船体结构进行了强度校核。并对其主要的船体板如甲板、底板、舷侧、内壳和纵横向舱壁板等板格进行了平板屈曲校核。
The ship's hull is a thin-walled box girder structure composed of stiffened panels.The overall failure of a ship hull girder is normally governed by buckling and plastic collapse of the deck,bottom,or sometimes the side shell stiffened panels.Therefore,the analysis of buckling and ultimate strength of ship panels in deck,boltom,and side shells is very important and necessary for the safety assessment of ship structure.In stiffened panels,local buckling and collapse of plating between stiffeners is a basic failure mode,and thus it would also very important to evaluate the buckling and ultimate strength interaction of plate elements under combined loads.
The buckling and ultimate strength of ship plating normally depend on a variety of influential factors, namely geometric / material properties, loading characteristics, initial imperfections(i.e. initial deflections and residual stresses), boundary conditions and corrosion, fatigue cracking.
The plating in ships is generally subjected to combined in-plane and lateral pressure loads.In-plane loads include biaxial compression/tension and in-plane bending and edge shear,which are mainly induced by overall hull girder bending and/or torsion of the vessel.Lateral pressure loads are due to water pressure and cargo.
The aims of this thesis are buckling and ultimate strength.Its Main content is as follows:
Emphasizes the significance and purpose of the research in buckling and ultimate strength,and reviewing the status in this field,and puts forward the research task;
Analyzes and discusses the design formulations for the buckling strength of the ship plating,in which the influence of residual stresses, lateral pressure,cut-outs and rotational restrains is taken into account.
According to the nonlinear governing equations of the large deflection plate theory,the ultimate strength formulations of the plate elements
under combined loads are developed by taking into account the effects of initial imperfections.
According to the FEA model of 110, 000DWT oil tank,the distribution of the stresses of the model in more than ten kinds of load cases is calculated.The structural strength of the ship is assessed.The buckling assessment of the main ship plating such as the deck,bottom,side shell,inner shell, longitudinal and transversal bulkhead is undertaken.
船体板的屈曲和极限强度取决于很多影响因素，主要有：板的几何尺寸、材料特性、载荷特征、初始缺陷(如初始变形和焊接残余应力)、边界条件以及腐蚀的影响、疲劳裂纹等。
作用在船体板上的载荷分量通常可以分为面内载荷和侧向压应力。面内载荷分为轴向压应力或拉应力、边缘剪切应力以及面内轴向弯曲应力。实际的船舶结构中面内载荷通常由船体梁的总纵弯曲或者船体梁的扭转引起。侧向压应力则由水压力和货物压力引起。
本文以船体板的屈曲和极限强度为研究目标，主要内容有：
·指出研究船体板屈曲和极限强度的意义和目的，简要回顾了国内外的研究现状。并提出本文的研究内容；
· 考虑残余应力、侧向压应力、开孔和扭转约束对于板格的屈曲强度的影响，讨论了各个因素影响下的板格的屈曲强度计算公式。并通过有限元计算对屈曲强度计算公式进行了分析与比较；
·根据大变形理论，通过板的非线性控制微分方程的分析，得到了各种组合载荷情况下的板格的极限强度计算公式。并考虑初始缺陷对极限强度的影响；
· 按照CCS “油船结构直接计算分析指南”(2004)对110，000DWT原油船进行有限元直接计算。针对各种规定的计算载荷工况，对该船船体结构进行了强度校核。并对其主要的船体板如甲板、底板、舷侧、内壳和纵横向舱壁板等板格进行了平板屈曲校核。
The ship's hull is a thin-walled box girder structure composed of stiffened panels.The overall failure of a ship hull girder is normally governed by buckling and plastic collapse of the deck,bottom,or sometimes the side shell stiffened panels.Therefore,the analysis of buckling and ultimate strength of ship panels in deck,boltom,and side shells is very important and necessary for the safety assessment of ship structure.In stiffened panels,local buckling and collapse of plating between stiffeners is a basic failure mode,and thus it would also very important to evaluate the buckling and ultimate strength interaction of plate elements under combined loads.
The buckling and ultimate strength of ship plating normally depend on a variety of influential factors, namely geometric / material properties, loading characteristics, initial imperfections(i.e. initial deflections and residual stresses), boundary conditions and corrosion, fatigue cracking.
The plating in ships is generally subjected to combined in-plane and lateral pressure loads.In-plane loads include biaxial compression/tension and in-plane bending and edge shear,which are mainly induced by overall hull girder bending and/or torsion of the vessel.Lateral pressure loads are due to water pressure and cargo.
The aims of this thesis are buckling and ultimate strength.Its Main content is as follows:
Emphasizes the significance and purpose of the research in buckling and ultimate strength,and reviewing the status in this field,and puts forward the research task;
Analyzes and discusses the design formulations for the buckling strength of the ship plating,in which the influence of residual stresses, lateral pressure,cut-outs and rotational restrains is taken into account.
According to the nonlinear governing equations of the large deflection plate theory,the ultimate strength formulations of the plate elements
under combined loads are developed by taking into account the effects of initial imperfections.
According to the FEA model of 110, 000DWT oil tank,the distribution of the stresses of the model in more than ten kinds of load cases is calculated.The structural strength of the ship is assessed.The buckling assessment of the main ship plating such as the deck,bottom,side shell,inner shell, longitudinal and transversal bulkhead is undertaken.
引文
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[11] 祁恩荣，崔维成，彭兴宁，徐向东 破损船体非对称弯曲极限强度分析及可靠性评估 中国造船2000年02期
[12] 孙光复 横向加劲板在局部载荷作用下的稳定性分析 建筑机械1995年02期
[13] 崔维成，郑金鑫，裴俊厚计及横向应力利垂向载荷影响的加筋板格有效板宽的理论计算方法 船舶力学2001年04期
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[15] 刘士光，唐文勇，王殿卿均布载荷下固支加筋板结构的极限分析 舰船科学技术1994年01期
[16] 曾晓辉，柳春图，杨丽敏面板局部屈曲的船体双层板架整体屈曲分析 海洋工程2001年03期
[17] 章向明，施华民，王安稳 偏心加筋板几何非线性有限元分析 武汉交通科技大学学报 1999年04期
[18] 胡毓仁，陈伯真，孙久龙 纵向受压板架圳强筋扭转屈曲临界应力公式 上海交通大学学报2002年01期
[19]胡毓仁，陈伯真，孙久龙纵向受压加筋板架有侧向压力时加强筋的扭转屈曲上海交通大学学报2000年12期
[20]郑金鑫，崔维成横向载荷作用下缺陷加筋板有效板宽的一个计算方法 航空学报2002年01期
[21]方闯，曾广武 武受压加筋板极限承载能力研究华中理工人学学报1998年11期
[22]孙海虹，张圣坤 双向受压船体板极限承载能力简易分析方法原文下载 工程力学2000年03期
[23]杨娜，沈世钊板壳结构屈曲分析的非线性有限元法 哈尔滨工业大学学报2003年03期
[24]周华，周海兵正交各向异性薄板的弹塑性后屈曲分析湖南大学学报(自然科学版)2003年S1期
[25]张涛，刘土光，赵耀，王先洲 初始缺陷加筋板的屈曲与后屈曲分析船舶力学2003年01期
[26]胡勇，崔维成无加筋平板极限强度的简化解析法与规范公式的比较中国造船2003年02期
[27]陈炎，黄小清，马友发单向轴压下压电矩形薄板的后屈曲问题 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)2003年08期
[28]CCS油船结构直接计算分析指南(2004)人民交通出版社2004
[29]刘兵山，黄聪Patran从入门到精通中国水利水电出版社
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[60] CCS钢质海船入级与检验规范(2002)人民交通出版社2002
[2] 何福志，万正权 船体结构总纵极限强度的简化逐步破坏分析 船舶力学2001年05期
[3] 白勇，徐向东，崔维成 船体结构极限强度的影响参数与敏感度探讨 船舶力学1998年05期
[4] 徐向尔，崔维成 船体梁与加筋板极限强度可靠性设计(英文)船舶力学 2001年03期
[5] 徐向东，崔维成 加筋板格屈曲及极限强度分析 中国造船1999年01期
[6] 韩强，张善元，杨桂通 结构静动力屈曲问题研究进展 力学进展 1998年03期
[7] 张涛，刘土光，赵耀 加筋板大挠度弯曲变形分析 中国造船2001年02期
[8] 曾晓辉，戴仰山，庄慧忠 双层板架的屈曲分析 中国造船1999年02期
[9] 曾晓辉，戴仰山 单向压力作用下有初挠度矩形板的有效宽度和减缩有效宽度中国造船1998年03期
[10] 曾晓辉 单层甲板屈曲时船体极限弯矩统计特征值的计算 哈尔滨工程大学学报1997年04期
[11] 祁恩荣，崔维成，彭兴宁，徐向东 破损船体非对称弯曲极限强度分析及可靠性评估 中国造船2000年02期
[12] 孙光复 横向加劲板在局部载荷作用下的稳定性分析 建筑机械1995年02期
[13] 崔维成，郑金鑫，裴俊厚计及横向应力利垂向载荷影响的加筋板格有效板宽的理论计算方法 船舶力学2001年04期
[14] 崔维成，王永军 组合载荷作用下的加筋板格强度计算(英文) 船舶力学2000年03期
[15] 刘士光，唐文勇，王殿卿均布载荷下固支加筋板结构的极限分析 舰船科学技术1994年01期
[16] 曾晓辉，柳春图，杨丽敏面板局部屈曲的船体双层板架整体屈曲分析 海洋工程2001年03期
[17] 章向明，施华民，王安稳 偏心加筋板几何非线性有限元分析 武汉交通科技大学学报 1999年04期
[18] 胡毓仁，陈伯真，孙久龙 纵向受压板架圳强筋扭转屈曲临界应力公式 上海交通大学学报2002年01期
[19]胡毓仁，陈伯真，孙久龙纵向受压加筋板架有侧向压力时加强筋的扭转屈曲上海交通大学学报2000年12期
[20]郑金鑫，崔维成横向载荷作用下缺陷加筋板有效板宽的一个计算方法 航空学报2002年01期
[21]方闯，曾广武 武受压加筋板极限承载能力研究华中理工人学学报1998年11期
[22]孙海虹，张圣坤 双向受压船体板极限承载能力简易分析方法原文下载 工程力学2000年03期
[23]杨娜，沈世钊板壳结构屈曲分析的非线性有限元法 哈尔滨工业大学学报2003年03期
[24]周华，周海兵正交各向异性薄板的弹塑性后屈曲分析湖南大学学报(自然科学版)2003年S1期
[25]张涛，刘土光，赵耀，王先洲 初始缺陷加筋板的屈曲与后屈曲分析船舶力学2003年01期
[26]胡勇，崔维成无加筋平板极限强度的简化解析法与规范公式的比较中国造船2003年02期
[27]陈炎，黄小清，马友发单向轴压下压电矩形薄板的后屈曲问题 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)2003年08期
[28]CCS油船结构直接计算分析指南(2004)人民交通出版社2004
[29]刘兵山，黄聪Patran从入门到精通中国水利水电出版社
[30]Williams,D.G.(1976). The influence of the torsional rigidity of plate stiffeners on plate effectiveness ,International Shipbuilding Progress,Vol.23, NO.268,pp355-360
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