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极软岩填方路堤变形特性研究——以西攀高速公路为例
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摘要
变形问题一直是公路路基研究解决的主要问题。对路堤变形性状的分析研究,不仅是正确认识和评价路基稳定的基础,也是提高路基设计水平,发展施工控制技术的有效途径。本论文结合西攀高速公路试验路段(LK0+900~LK1+000)的地基工程问题,重点对该区的特殊地层——昔格达地层填筑路堤的变形问题进行了分析和研究。
     首先,通过现场调研、勘察,查明研究区段的地层结构及地基土的物理力学性质,获得地基土的基本性状特征;通过大量昔格达地层填料试样的室内、室外土工试验,获取一系列昔格达地层填料的物理力学指标,掌握昔格达填料的基本强度以及变形特性;然后,根据试验段路堤施工加载期间的分层沉降变形观测结果,探讨路堤自身各部位的沉降规律,昔格达土层的压缩变化规律;结合现场条件,选取代表性剖面,建立填方路堤变形的计算模型,对其进行数值分析,将有限元计算结果和变形预测的结果进行对比评价分析;建立不同的昔格达地层填料填方路基模型,通过有限元方法对昔格达地层所成路堤进行机制模拟、变形计算,探讨影响该极软岩填筑路堤沉降变形的主要因素;最后,根据路基施工结束后的沉降变形观测结果,选择常用的预测模型对未来沉降进行预测,选择最优的预测方法进行后期沉降的推算,指导后续施工和优化设计,减少工后沉降量。
     通过此次研究,获得了对路堤变形问题的新的认识,即为了控制路堤的沉降变形,不仅应满足现行规范中规定的压实度标准,还应该引入填料压实后的力学参数——变形模量值标准,实行双重控制标准,而对于昔格达地层这种混合填料,为了获得较大的模量值,应该控制填料中泥岩的含量;现行公路路基施工规范中对路堤填筑时分层填筑厚度的规定值,在压实机具功能满足的条件下,可以适当提高。
Deformation problem is one of the most important problems in the roadbed filling engineering. Research on deformation characteristic of roadbed is not only basis of rightly acquainting and valuing stability of roadbed, but also effective ways of improving roadbed-design level and developing construct-controlling technique. According to the question of foundation
    engineering from test section ( LKO+900 to LK1+000 ) of Xichang--Panzhihuang express
    highway, this paper put up important systems analysis and study on the deformation of roadbed which is filled by special stratum on site--Xigeda stratum.
    Firstly, this paper traversed engineering geological condition, physics and mechanics characteristic of foundation soil in the test section of the express highway by the detailed exploring. At the same time, by the large quantity of testing of Xigeda stratum soil, physics and mechanics characteristic of soil were acquired, intensity and deformation characteristic were mastered, the use for roadbed- filling was discussed. Then, based on deformation observed results of roadbed in loading period, the settlement and condensation rules of many parts of roadbed and were studied. Combining with local geological conditions, the roadbed model were founded and were numerically simulated by FEM. The simulating results and observed results were compared. At one time, many influencing factors were studied by founding all kinds of roadbed models and FEM numerically simulating. At last, according to observed results of deformation of roadbed after loading period, the settlement and condensation rules of roadbed were studie
    d. The future settlement was forecasted by some common forecasting models, fit precision and results were evaluated and analyzed. The most suitable forecasting model was selected to use, to guide future construction and optimize design.
    By the research, some creative conclusions about deformation problem are put out as follows. To control the settlement of roadbed, the degree of compaction regulated by current criterion is not
    enough, the mechanics parameter of filler compacted--deformation parameter should be
    considered and dual control criterion should be put in practice. To get upper deformation parameter of Xigeda stratum filler, the percentage of mudstone should be controlled. The thickness of filling layer regulated by current criterion can be increased if the compaction car has proper function.
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