带缝钢板剪力墙结构分析与试验研究
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摘要
钢结构的应用和研究已有上百年的历史，技术上日趋成熟。但钢结构住宅的大量推广应用在我国还刚刚起步。从技术角度讲，如何使钢结构适应住宅建筑的特点，满足住宅产业化发展的需要，还有许多问题有待进一步研究，如抗侧力体系、维护体系及其梁柱的节点问题等等。针对钢结构住宅中急需解决的抗侧力体系问题，本文研究了一种正常使用情况下刚度大(满足建筑物在风载及常遇地震下人们舒适性和安全感的要求)，强震时刚度低(保证强震时建筑具有柔性的特点)，而且可吸收地震能量的新型抗震单元。完成了四个足尺构件(纯框架、框架墙和两个带缝钢板剪力墙)的低周往复伪静力试验，并在以下方面进行了深入研究：
1、本文提出了带缝钢板剪力墙的概念，并与其它抗侧力构件进行了对比分析，阐述了其优势与不足。结果表明，带缝钢板剪力墙是一种优良的抗侧力构件，有着其它抗侧力构件无法比拟的优点；
2、针对带缝钢板剪力墙，本文对其受力性能进行了系统研究，并用有限元软件ANSYS进行了分析。主要完成了抗侧刚度的计算、材料非线性分析和滞回曲线的模拟三方面内容；
3、在理论分析和有限元研究的基础上，完成了四个足尺构件(纯框架、框架墙和两个带缝钢板剪力墙)的低周往复伪静力试验，在此基础上提出了带缝钢板剪力墙的刚度评价公式、承载力的计算公式等；
4、由于现有的工程计算软件无法对带缝钢板剪力墙进行有效的模拟，导致结构的计算无法进行。所以本文提出了一种结构转换计算的方法。既利用刚度等效的原则，把其转换为工程计算软件可以计算的支撑体系，然后对构件进行单独计算，包括承载力的计算、和梁接合方法——高强螺栓的计算、加强肋的设计方法等内容；
5、带缝钢板剪力墙与钢框架形成钢框架——带缝钢板剪力墙结构体系，结合北京亦庄经济开发区青年公寓三期工程中的风车公寓工程实例，分别采用ANSYS和SATWE进行了结构整体分析，两者的计算结果相吻合。
最后，在总结本文工作的基础上，提出了尚待解决的问题。
Many achievements have made in the research and application of steel structural since almost one hundred years ago. Steel structural has been widely used in the residential building abroad for many years, but it has just began to be adopted in the residential building in recent years. Technically, steel residential building system must measure up the characteristics of residential building and satisfy the development of residential industrialization. But many problem remain should be solved in these aspects, such as research on lateral resistant system, the cladding material and steel frame connections, etc. To the lateral resistant system, one of the imperative problems in the steel residential building, we expect to research a new earthquake resistance element with great stiffness in the usual day (for the needing of safety and comfort in the place where is windy and earthquake occurred frequently); low stiffness in strong motion earthquake (for the flexibility of residential building in the strong motion
earthquake )and absorbing seismic energy. At the same time the concept of steel shear wall with slit is put forward for the first time in this paper in our country. This steel shear wall with slit is just the excellent lateral resistant member. On the basis of research and analysis of the steel shear wall with slit, four full-scale steel frame and wall specimens are tested on their behavior under cycle loading. In this paper we also investigate five aspects on the problem of steel shear wall with slit as below:
1. The concept of steel shear wall with slit put forward for the first time in this paper in our country. And compared it with the other lateral resistant member, the paper expounds the merit and demerit of it. The result indicated that the steel shear wall with slit is just the excellent lateral resistant member and is prior to other lateral resistant member.
2. Aimed at the steel shear wall with slit, a systematic research is done on the forced performance. By using the finite element soft ware ANSYS, the paper analyzes this lateral resistant member. The main part of the text has three aspects: the calculation of the lateral stiffness, the analysis of nonlinear material and simulation of hysteretic loop.
3. On the basis of theory and finite element analysis, four full-scale steel frame and wall specimens are tested. The paper points out the calculation method of stiffness, load-behavior capacity, and the other aspect of the steel shear wall with slit.
4. As the existent engineering calculation soft ware can't perform the valid simulation, the calculation of structure is not carried out. The paper put out a calculation method of structural transition. Using principia of stiffness equivalent, it could be transformed to the bracing system so that the soft ware can calculate. Then calculate the member individually, including the calculation of load-behavior capacity, the calculation of high strong bolt with the method of connection with beam, the design method of stiffening rib, etc. The text educed the above-mentioned formula theoretically.
5. Linking with windmill flat engineering example in the third youth flat engineering of Yi Zhuang Development Area, Beijing, It and steel frame constitute the steel frame?steel shear wall with slit system respectively are analyzed the whole structure by ANSYS and SATWE. The result is consilient.
Some problem about this research that is worth to be investigated further are put up in the end of the paper.
1、本文提出了带缝钢板剪力墙的概念，并与其它抗侧力构件进行了对比分析，阐述了其优势与不足。结果表明，带缝钢板剪力墙是一种优良的抗侧力构件，有着其它抗侧力构件无法比拟的优点；
2、针对带缝钢板剪力墙，本文对其受力性能进行了系统研究，并用有限元软件ANSYS进行了分析。主要完成了抗侧刚度的计算、材料非线性分析和滞回曲线的模拟三方面内容；
3、在理论分析和有限元研究的基础上，完成了四个足尺构件(纯框架、框架墙和两个带缝钢板剪力墙)的低周往复伪静力试验，在此基础上提出了带缝钢板剪力墙的刚度评价公式、承载力的计算公式等；
4、由于现有的工程计算软件无法对带缝钢板剪力墙进行有效的模拟，导致结构的计算无法进行。所以本文提出了一种结构转换计算的方法。既利用刚度等效的原则，把其转换为工程计算软件可以计算的支撑体系，然后对构件进行单独计算，包括承载力的计算、和梁接合方法——高强螺栓的计算、加强肋的设计方法等内容；
5、带缝钢板剪力墙与钢框架形成钢框架——带缝钢板剪力墙结构体系，结合北京亦庄经济开发区青年公寓三期工程中的风车公寓工程实例，分别采用ANSYS和SATWE进行了结构整体分析，两者的计算结果相吻合。
最后，在总结本文工作的基础上，提出了尚待解决的问题。
Many achievements have made in the research and application of steel structural since almost one hundred years ago. Steel structural has been widely used in the residential building abroad for many years, but it has just began to be adopted in the residential building in recent years. Technically, steel residential building system must measure up the characteristics of residential building and satisfy the development of residential industrialization. But many problem remain should be solved in these aspects, such as research on lateral resistant system, the cladding material and steel frame connections, etc. To the lateral resistant system, one of the imperative problems in the steel residential building, we expect to research a new earthquake resistance element with great stiffness in the usual day (for the needing of safety and comfort in the place where is windy and earthquake occurred frequently); low stiffness in strong motion earthquake (for the flexibility of residential building in the strong motion
earthquake )and absorbing seismic energy. At the same time the concept of steel shear wall with slit is put forward for the first time in this paper in our country. This steel shear wall with slit is just the excellent lateral resistant member. On the basis of research and analysis of the steel shear wall with slit, four full-scale steel frame and wall specimens are tested on their behavior under cycle loading. In this paper we also investigate five aspects on the problem of steel shear wall with slit as below:
1. The concept of steel shear wall with slit put forward for the first time in this paper in our country. And compared it with the other lateral resistant member, the paper expounds the merit and demerit of it. The result indicated that the steel shear wall with slit is just the excellent lateral resistant member and is prior to other lateral resistant member.
2. Aimed at the steel shear wall with slit, a systematic research is done on the forced performance. By using the finite element soft ware ANSYS, the paper analyzes this lateral resistant member. The main part of the text has three aspects: the calculation of the lateral stiffness, the analysis of nonlinear material and simulation of hysteretic loop.
3. On the basis of theory and finite element analysis, four full-scale steel frame and wall specimens are tested. The paper points out the calculation method of stiffness, load-behavior capacity, and the other aspect of the steel shear wall with slit.
4. As the existent engineering calculation soft ware can't perform the valid simulation, the calculation of structure is not carried out. The paper put out a calculation method of structural transition. Using principia of stiffness equivalent, it could be transformed to the bracing system so that the soft ware can calculate. Then calculate the member individually, including the calculation of load-behavior capacity, the calculation of high strong bolt with the method of connection with beam, the design method of stiffening rib, etc. The text educed the above-mentioned formula theoretically.
5. Linking with windmill flat engineering example in the third youth flat engineering of Yi Zhuang Development Area, Beijing, It and steel frame constitute the steel frame?steel shear wall with slit system respectively are analyzed the whole structure by ANSYS and SATWE. The result is consilient.
Some problem about this research that is worth to be investigated further are put up in the end of the paper.
引文
[1] Koichiro Ishikawa, Yoshizo Kawasaki. Effect of shear wall location in rigid frame on earthquake response of roof structure. Structural engineering and mechanics. 11(6). 2001. 605-616
[2] Adam S. Lubell, Helmut G. L. Prion, Carlos E. Ventura, and Mahmoud Rezai. Unstiffened Steel Plate Shear Wall Performance under Cyclic Loading. Journal of Structural Engineering. 2001. 126(4). 2001. -453-460
[3] A. K. H. Kwan and X. G. He. Finite element analysis of effect of concrete confinement on behavior of shear walls. Computers and Structures. 79(19). 2001. -1799-1810
[4] M. Elgaaly. Post-buckling behavior of thin steel plates using computational models, advances in engineering software. 31(8-9). 2000. -511-517
[5] Yu, Guo-xiong; Tanabe, Tada-aki. Simulations of the localized failure of RC shear walls by FEM. Transactions of the Japan Concrete Institute. 19(8). 1997. -357-364
[6] Kwan, A. K. H.; Cheung, Y. K.; Lu, X. L. Large scale model tests of reinforced concrete slit shear walls. International Journal of Structures. 14(2). 1994. -63-82
[7] White, Maurice W.: Dolan, J. Daniel. Nonlinear shear-wall analysis. Journal of Structural Engineering. 121(11) 1995. -1629-1635
[8] Ackroyd, M. H.. Design of Flexibly Connected Steel Frames, Final Research Report to the American Iron and Steel Institute for Project No. 333, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York. 1985
[9] Kwan, A. K. H.; Dai, H.: Cheung, Y. K. Elasto-plastic analysis of reinforced concrete slit shear walls. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings. 128(4). 1998. -342-350
[10] Kwan, A. K. H.: Tian, Q. L.; Cheung, Y. K. Stochastic response analysis of visco-elastic slit shear walls. Structural Engineering and Mechanics. 6(4). 1998. -377-394
[11] Driver, Robert G.; Kulak, Geoffrey L.: Kennedy, D. J. Laurie; Elwi, Alaa
E. Cyclic test of four-story steel plate shear wall. Journal of Structural Engineering. 124(2). 1998. -112-120
[12] Driver, Robert G.; Kulak, Geoffrey L.; Elwi, AlaaE.; Kennedy, D. J. Laurie. FE and simplified models of steel plate shear wall. Journal of Structural Engineering. 124(2). 1998. -121-130
[13] Oztorun, N. K.; Citipitioglu, E.; Akkas, N. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of shear wall buildings. Computers and Structures. 68(1-3) 1998. -41-55
[14] Schumacher, A.; Grondin, G. Y. Connection of infill panels in steel plate shear walls. Canadian journal of civil engineering. 26(5). 1999. -549-563
[15] Ha, Kinh H. ; Tan, T. M. H. Efficient analysis of continuum shear wall models. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. 26(4). 1999. -425-433
[16] W. F. Chen. Stability Design of Steel Frames. CRC Press. 1991.
[17] Dai Hang, Chen Zhongfan. Nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete slit shear walls under seismic actions. Journal of southeast university. Vol. 14 No. 1 1998 June -84-90
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[19] 张建伟，曹万林，徐金荣，田宝发，高树军．底部带暗支撑中高剪力墙杭震性能试验及承载力计算．世界地震工程．Vol．18，No．1 Mar．2002
[20] 俞铭华，潘海涛，吴剑国，李红明，孙金国．多层轻钢住宅结构体系分祈．华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版)．Vol．16 No．3 Jun 2002
[21] 窦立军，袁令欣，袁志仁，朱坤．钢结构发展与应用中的问题．长春工程学院学报(自然科学版)．Vol．3，No．2，2002．
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[24] 赵文辉，王志浩，叶列平．双功能带缝剪力墙连接键的试验研究．工程力学．Vol．18，No．1，Feb 2001
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[26] 钱健清．对H型钢特点的进一步分析．钢结构．Vol．16，No．1，2001
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[2] Adam S. Lubell, Helmut G. L. Prion, Carlos E. Ventura, and Mahmoud Rezai. Unstiffened Steel Plate Shear Wall Performance under Cyclic Loading. Journal of Structural Engineering. 2001. 126(4). 2001. -453-460
[3] A. K. H. Kwan and X. G. He. Finite element analysis of effect of concrete confinement on behavior of shear walls. Computers and Structures. 79(19). 2001. -1799-1810
[4] M. Elgaaly. Post-buckling behavior of thin steel plates using computational models, advances in engineering software. 31(8-9). 2000. -511-517
[5] Yu, Guo-xiong; Tanabe, Tada-aki. Simulations of the localized failure of RC shear walls by FEM. Transactions of the Japan Concrete Institute. 19(8). 1997. -357-364
[6] Kwan, A. K. H.; Cheung, Y. K.; Lu, X. L. Large scale model tests of reinforced concrete slit shear walls. International Journal of Structures. 14(2). 1994. -63-82
[7] White, Maurice W.: Dolan, J. Daniel. Nonlinear shear-wall analysis. Journal of Structural Engineering. 121(11) 1995. -1629-1635
[8] Ackroyd, M. H.. Design of Flexibly Connected Steel Frames, Final Research Report to the American Iron and Steel Institute for Project No. 333, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York. 1985
[9] Kwan, A. K. H.; Dai, H.: Cheung, Y. K. Elasto-plastic analysis of reinforced concrete slit shear walls. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings. 128(4). 1998. -342-350
[10] Kwan, A. K. H.: Tian, Q. L.; Cheung, Y. K. Stochastic response analysis of visco-elastic slit shear walls. Structural Engineering and Mechanics. 6(4). 1998. -377-394
[11] Driver, Robert G.; Kulak, Geoffrey L.: Kennedy, D. J. Laurie; Elwi, Alaa
E. Cyclic test of four-story steel plate shear wall. Journal of Structural Engineering. 124(2). 1998. -112-120
[12] Driver, Robert G.; Kulak, Geoffrey L.; Elwi, AlaaE.; Kennedy, D. J. Laurie. FE and simplified models of steel plate shear wall. Journal of Structural Engineering. 124(2). 1998. -121-130
[13] Oztorun, N. K.; Citipitioglu, E.; Akkas, N. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of shear wall buildings. Computers and Structures. 68(1-3) 1998. -41-55
[14] Schumacher, A.; Grondin, G. Y. Connection of infill panels in steel plate shear walls. Canadian journal of civil engineering. 26(5). 1999. -549-563
[15] Ha, Kinh H. ; Tan, T. M. H. Efficient analysis of continuum shear wall models. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. 26(4). 1999. -425-433
[16] W. F. Chen. Stability Design of Steel Frames. CRC Press. 1991.
[17] Dai Hang, Chen Zhongfan. Nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete slit shear walls under seismic actions. Journal of southeast university. Vol. 14 No. 1 1998 June -84-90
[18] 戴航，关国雄，张佑启．带缝钢筋混凝土高剪力墙抗震性能研究．东南大学学报． Vol．27 Sup Nov．1997
[19] 张建伟，曹万林，徐金荣，田宝发，高树军．底部带暗支撑中高剪力墙杭震性能试验及承载力计算．世界地震工程．Vol．18，No．1 Mar．2002
[20] 俞铭华，潘海涛，吴剑国，李红明，孙金国．多层轻钢住宅结构体系分祈．华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版)．Vol．16 No．3 Jun 2002
[21] 窦立军，袁令欣，袁志仁，朱坤．钢结构发展与应用中的问题．长春工程学院学报(自然科学版)．Vol．3，No．2，2002．
[22] 王忠和，杜艳军，章广．钢结构建筑的应用及发展．森林工程．Vol．18，No．3，May 2002
[23] 叶列平，康胜，曾勇．双功能带缝剪力墙的弹性受力性能分忻．清华大学学报(自然科学版)．Vol．39，No．12，1999．
[24] 赵文辉，王志浩，叶列平．双功能带缝剪力墙连接键的试验研究．工程力学．Vol．18，No．1，Feb 2001
[25] 李国强，梁剑海，刘玉姝．墙单元理论及其适用性．钢结构．Vol．16，No．6，2001
[26] 钱健清．对H型钢特点的进一步分析．钢结构．Vol．16，No．1，2001
[27] 刘世平，李银山．剪切型多层钢框架抗震优化设计，天津大学学报，Vol．30 No．4．1998
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