棉织物生物酶前处理工艺研究
摘要
本文概述了棉织物生物酶前处理加工的意义，以及酶制剂和各种工艺的现状和发展，酶的作用原理和影响酶活性的各种因素，棉纤维及其共生物的结构和化学组成。在此基础上，详细探讨了6种棉织物生物酶前处理工艺。通过测试处理后织物的退浆率、白度、毛效、拉伸强力，综合评价各种工艺的优缺点，再对影响工艺的因素进行修正，最后筛选出适合实际生产的生物酶前处理工艺。
利用生物酶对棉织物进行水浴退、煮、漂是本文研究的重点之一。研究表明：百胜净棉酶可以和双氧水同浴处理，该煮漂液同浴处理织物时，酶活性没有损失，处理后织物的强力较好。
其工艺流程：第一步 配制退浆工作液→入布→振荡保温(60℃，45min)→95℃热水洗→60℃温水洗→冷水洗→烘至恒重，第二步配制煮漂工作液→入布→振荡保温(95℃，60min)→95℃热水洗→60℃温水洗→冷水洗→烘至恒重。其工艺配方：淀粉酶B浓度为0.8g／L，百胜净棉酶浓度为1.5g／L，双氧水用量为8ml／L。
利用生物酶对棉织物进行退、煮、漂汽蒸连续前处理是染整工作者一直关注的，也是本文研究的重点之一。研究表明：选用L40耐高温淀粉酶、百胜净棉酶和双氧水进行退、煮、漂汽蒸处理棉织物，可以实现生物酶前处理短流程工艺。
其工艺流程：配制工作液→室温浸轧(两浸两轧，轧余率100％左右)→100℃汽蒸，40min→水洗→烘干。其工艺配方：L40酶浓度为2g／L，百胜净棉酶为2g／L，双氧水用量为8ml／L。
采用不饱和蒸汽对棉织物进行生物酶前处理是一种新的尝试。该工艺可以实现退浆和煮练过程的中温连续处理，为中温生物酶连续前处理工艺的开发打下了良好的基础。
另外，还对传统前处理工艺和生物酶前处理工艺处理后织物的染色性能进行了比较。采用C.I.直接蓝1，C．1．直接红80,C.I．直接黄26，分别染浅、中、深三种深度，测试染色后织物的上染率和K／S值，结果发现生物酶前处理工艺
和传统前处理工艺处理后织物的染色性能有所差异，这种差异和染料种类以及
浓度有关。
In this thesis, cotton fabric pretreatment technologies by using a series of enzymes were reviewed. The present situation and development of enzymes and their using technologies were also studied. The principles of the enzyme, the factors of the enzyme activation were discussed. The structure and chemistry composition of the cotton were involved. The suitable cotton fabric pretreatment technologies were obtained by means of measuring some fabric properties such as capillarity, whiteness, and strength.
The cotton pretreatment technology of enzymes in bath is one of the key points in the paper. Baisheng enzyme and hydrogen peroxide could be conducted in one bath. Pretreated in this way, the fabric strength is better without the loss of enzyme activation.
The technological process: first, preparing the de-sizing solution →putting a cloth sample →shake at constant temperature of 60℃ for 45min →washing →drying; second, preparing the scouring and bleaching solution →putting a cloth sample→ shaking at constant temperature of 95℃ for 60min →washing →drying. The technological recipe: amylase A 0.8g/L and pectinase A 1.5g/L hydrogen peroxide 8g/mL.
The cotton pretreatment technology of enzymes by steaming in one step is the aim of dying and finishing exporters. De-sizing, boiling and bleaching of cotton by using L40, Baisheng enzyme, hydrogen peroxide could be conducted in one step by steaming, which is the key point in this paper.
The technological process: preparing the bath →two dipping and
rolling of pick-up 100%→ 100℃ steaming, 40 min,→washing →drying. The technological recipe: amylase A 0.8g/L and pectinase A Ig/L hydrogen peroxide 8g/mL
The cotton pretreatment technology of enzymes by unsaturated steaming is a new try. Cotton fabric pretreatment can be done in succession process using mid-temperature enzyme. The result has laid a good foundation of the development of the continuous process.
The dying properties of fabrics pretreated by the traditional and the above discussed technologies were compared with the help of C. I. direct blue 1,C. I. direct red 80,C. I. Direct yellow 26 in shallow, medium, dark concentrations. The dye-uptake and K/S values are tested.
利用生物酶对棉织物进行水浴退、煮、漂是本文研究的重点之一。研究表明：百胜净棉酶可以和双氧水同浴处理，该煮漂液同浴处理织物时，酶活性没有损失，处理后织物的强力较好。
其工艺流程：第一步 配制退浆工作液→入布→振荡保温(60℃，45min)→95℃热水洗→60℃温水洗→冷水洗→烘至恒重，第二步配制煮漂工作液→入布→振荡保温(95℃，60min)→95℃热水洗→60℃温水洗→冷水洗→烘至恒重。其工艺配方：淀粉酶B浓度为0.8g／L，百胜净棉酶浓度为1.5g／L，双氧水用量为8ml／L。
利用生物酶对棉织物进行退、煮、漂汽蒸连续前处理是染整工作者一直关注的，也是本文研究的重点之一。研究表明：选用L40耐高温淀粉酶、百胜净棉酶和双氧水进行退、煮、漂汽蒸处理棉织物，可以实现生物酶前处理短流程工艺。
其工艺流程：配制工作液→室温浸轧(两浸两轧，轧余率100％左右)→100℃汽蒸，40min→水洗→烘干。其工艺配方：L40酶浓度为2g／L，百胜净棉酶为2g／L，双氧水用量为8ml／L。
采用不饱和蒸汽对棉织物进行生物酶前处理是一种新的尝试。该工艺可以实现退浆和煮练过程的中温连续处理，为中温生物酶连续前处理工艺的开发打下了良好的基础。
另外，还对传统前处理工艺和生物酶前处理工艺处理后织物的染色性能进行了比较。采用C.I.直接蓝1，C．1．直接红80,C.I．直接黄26，分别染浅、中、深三种深度，测试染色后织物的上染率和K／S值，结果发现生物酶前处理工艺
和传统前处理工艺处理后织物的染色性能有所差异，这种差异和染料种类以及
浓度有关。
In this thesis, cotton fabric pretreatment technologies by using a series of enzymes were reviewed. The present situation and development of enzymes and their using technologies were also studied. The principles of the enzyme, the factors of the enzyme activation were discussed. The structure and chemistry composition of the cotton were involved. The suitable cotton fabric pretreatment technologies were obtained by means of measuring some fabric properties such as capillarity, whiteness, and strength.
The cotton pretreatment technology of enzymes in bath is one of the key points in the paper. Baisheng enzyme and hydrogen peroxide could be conducted in one bath. Pretreated in this way, the fabric strength is better without the loss of enzyme activation.
The technological process: first, preparing the de-sizing solution →putting a cloth sample →shake at constant temperature of 60℃ for 45min →washing →drying; second, preparing the scouring and bleaching solution →putting a cloth sample→ shaking at constant temperature of 95℃ for 60min →washing →drying. The technological recipe: amylase A 0.8g/L and pectinase A 1.5g/L hydrogen peroxide 8g/mL.
The cotton pretreatment technology of enzymes by steaming in one step is the aim of dying and finishing exporters. De-sizing, boiling and bleaching of cotton by using L40, Baisheng enzyme, hydrogen peroxide could be conducted in one step by steaming, which is the key point in this paper.
The technological process: preparing the bath →two dipping and
rolling of pick-up 100%→ 100℃ steaming, 40 min,→washing →drying. The technological recipe: amylase A 0.8g/L and pectinase A Ig/L hydrogen peroxide 8g/mL
The cotton pretreatment technology of enzymes by unsaturated steaming is a new try. Cotton fabric pretreatment can be done in succession process using mid-temperature enzyme. The result has laid a good foundation of the development of the continuous process.
The dying properties of fabrics pretreated by the traditional and the above discussed technologies were compared with the help of C. I. direct blue 1,C. I. direct red 80,C. I. Direct yellow 26 in shallow, medium, dark concentrations. The dye-uptake and K/S values are tested.
引文
[1] 李海静．国内外棉织物生物酶精练技术．印染．2001．(9)：62～64．
[2] 罗巨涛．生物酶在印染工业中的应用．现代纺织技术．1999．(试刊)：54～56．
[3] 陈石根，周润琦．酶学．上海：复旦大学出版社．2001
[4] 虞海龙．生物酶在染整生产中的应用．印染助剂．1998．6：1～5．
[5] 王秀玲．聚丙烯酰胺在退浆中的作用．印染译丛．1993．3：5～10．
[6] 刘昌龄，唐志翔译．应用果胶酶的棉的生物煮练．印染译丛．2000．2：32～35．
[7] 刘昌龄，唐志翔译．棉的酶精练处理—表面活性剂，搅动和酶选择．印染译丛．2000．2：45～52．
[8] 刘昌龄，唐志翔译．蛋白酶作为棉的煮练剂．2000．4：49～56．
[9] 张瑞萍，方云，夏咏梅．应用于纺织品湿整理中的纤维素酶．南通工学院学报．1999．4：29～32．
[10] 何中琴译．棉机织物的脂肪酶辅助退浆．印染译丛．1999．2：23～27．
[11] 何中琴译．棉织物的酶漂白(有关它的可能性)．印染译丛．1999．5：75～80
[12] 宋桂经．纤维素酶新功能——棉纤维改性的研究．高技术通讯．1997．4：19～22．
[13] 王菊生，孙铠．染整工艺原理(第二册)．北京：纺织工业出版社．1987．
[14] 扎柯希柯夫，波斯特尼斯夫．棉纤维素．北京：国防出版社．1957．
[15] 沈同．生物化学．北京：人民教育出版社．1980．
[16] M·刘温(M．Lewin)，S·B塞洛(S．B．Sello)．印染基本原理和前处理．北京：纺织出版社．1989．
[17] 田伟．常用纺织浆料成分的系统定性分析．苏州丝绸工学院学报．2001．4：14～21．
[18] 宋心远，沈煜如．新型染整技术．北京：中国纺织出版社．1999．
[19] 刘昌龄译．棉酶精练的精练效果评定法．印染译丛．2000．4：54～58．
[20] 邬敏辰，李剑芳，秦芳．中温α-淀粉酶活力测定法的研究．无锡轻工业大学学报．1996．2：5～10．
[21] 孙越．果胶酶活性的测定方法．中国调味品．97．3：37～38．
[22] 金咸穰．染整工艺实验．北京：纺织工业出版社．1987．
[23] 刘昌龄译．碱煮练和碱性果胶酶前处理织物染色性能的比较．印染译丛．2001．3：73～77．
[24] Tzanko Tzanov, Enzymes for cotton fabrics preparation and recycling of water for dying. COLOURAGE, ANNUAL2000: 65～72
[25] Dr. N. Sekar, Biotechnology in texile processing: an update. COLOURAGE, 1999(1) : 65～72
[26] Buchert, j. pere, j. Puolake, and Noousiainen, p, Enzymatic Scouting of Cotton, AATCC int. Conference and Exhibition, Book of papers, 493, 1998.
[27] Bioscoring of cotton: Commerical Applications of Alkaline Stable Pectinase, AATCC Review, 2002(4): 28～30.
[28] 何中琴译．酶精练的评定方法和一浴酶退浆、精练．印染译丛．2000(4)：26～27．
[29] 张瑞萍．棉织物的生物酶煮练．南通工学院学报．2002．9(2)：41～43．
[30] 殷祥刚．生物酶及其在纤维素纤维中的应用．人造纤维．2002(1)：20～22．
[31] 胡毅．生物酶精练在染整加工中的运用．陕西纺织．2002(4)：11～12．
[32] 黄翠蓉．丝／麻交织物的生物酶处理．印染．2002(8)．：29～31．
[33] 何中琴译．在棉织物前处理后的洗涤时使用过氧化物分解酶．印染译丛．2000(4)：39～40．
[34] 刘昌龄．过氧化氢酶．印染译丛．2001(5)：51～53．
[35] J. N, Etters．,A．K．Sarkar．碱性果胶酶进行的生物前处理对棉的染色性质的影响．四川纺织科技．2001(5)：51～53．
[36] 闵洁．宽温酶和BioPrep果胶酶在前处理中的应用．丝绸．2001(4)：18～20．
[37] 何中琴译．棉的酶煮练：对结构和性能的影响．印染译丛．1998(3)：79～87．
[38] 史美芳．棉毛混纺织物前处理工艺探讨．印染．2002(10)．：27～28．
[2] 罗巨涛．生物酶在印染工业中的应用．现代纺织技术．1999．(试刊)：54～56．
[3] 陈石根，周润琦．酶学．上海：复旦大学出版社．2001
[4] 虞海龙．生物酶在染整生产中的应用．印染助剂．1998．6：1～5．
[5] 王秀玲．聚丙烯酰胺在退浆中的作用．印染译丛．1993．3：5～10．
[6] 刘昌龄，唐志翔译．应用果胶酶的棉的生物煮练．印染译丛．2000．2：32～35．
[7] 刘昌龄，唐志翔译．棉的酶精练处理—表面活性剂，搅动和酶选择．印染译丛．2000．2：45～52．
[8] 刘昌龄，唐志翔译．蛋白酶作为棉的煮练剂．2000．4：49～56．
[9] 张瑞萍，方云，夏咏梅．应用于纺织品湿整理中的纤维素酶．南通工学院学报．1999．4：29～32．
[10] 何中琴译．棉机织物的脂肪酶辅助退浆．印染译丛．1999．2：23～27．
[11] 何中琴译．棉织物的酶漂白(有关它的可能性)．印染译丛．1999．5：75～80
[12] 宋桂经．纤维素酶新功能——棉纤维改性的研究．高技术通讯．1997．4：19～22．
[13] 王菊生，孙铠．染整工艺原理(第二册)．北京：纺织工业出版社．1987．
[14] 扎柯希柯夫，波斯特尼斯夫．棉纤维素．北京：国防出版社．1957．
[15] 沈同．生物化学．北京：人民教育出版社．1980．
[16] M·刘温(M．Lewin)，S·B塞洛(S．B．Sello)．印染基本原理和前处理．北京：纺织出版社．1989．
[17] 田伟．常用纺织浆料成分的系统定性分析．苏州丝绸工学院学报．2001．4：14～21．
[18] 宋心远，沈煜如．新型染整技术．北京：中国纺织出版社．1999．
[19] 刘昌龄译．棉酶精练的精练效果评定法．印染译丛．2000．4：54～58．
[20] 邬敏辰，李剑芳，秦芳．中温α-淀粉酶活力测定法的研究．无锡轻工业大学学报．1996．2：5～10．
[21] 孙越．果胶酶活性的测定方法．中国调味品．97．3：37～38．
[22] 金咸穰．染整工艺实验．北京：纺织工业出版社．1987．
[23] 刘昌龄译．碱煮练和碱性果胶酶前处理织物染色性能的比较．印染译丛．2001．3：73～77．
[24] Tzanko Tzanov, Enzymes for cotton fabrics preparation and recycling of water for dying. COLOURAGE, ANNUAL2000: 65～72
[25] Dr. N. Sekar, Biotechnology in texile processing: an update. COLOURAGE, 1999(1) : 65～72
[26] Buchert, j. pere, j. Puolake, and Noousiainen, p, Enzymatic Scouting of Cotton, AATCC int. Conference and Exhibition, Book of papers, 493, 1998.
[27] Bioscoring of cotton: Commerical Applications of Alkaline Stable Pectinase, AATCC Review, 2002(4): 28～30.
[28] 何中琴译．酶精练的评定方法和一浴酶退浆、精练．印染译丛．2000(4)：26～27．
[29] 张瑞萍．棉织物的生物酶煮练．南通工学院学报．2002．9(2)：41～43．
[30] 殷祥刚．生物酶及其在纤维素纤维中的应用．人造纤维．2002(1)：20～22．
[31] 胡毅．生物酶精练在染整加工中的运用．陕西纺织．2002(4)：11～12．
[32] 黄翠蓉．丝／麻交织物的生物酶处理．印染．2002(8)．：29～31．
[33] 何中琴译．在棉织物前处理后的洗涤时使用过氧化物分解酶．印染译丛．2000(4)：39～40．
[34] 刘昌龄．过氧化氢酶．印染译丛．2001(5)：51～53．
[35] J. N, Etters．,A．K．Sarkar．碱性果胶酶进行的生物前处理对棉的染色性质的影响．四川纺织科技．2001(5)：51～53．
[36] 闵洁．宽温酶和BioPrep果胶酶在前处理中的应用．丝绸．2001(4)：18～20．
[37] 何中琴译．棉的酶煮练：对结构和性能的影响．印染译丛．1998(3)：79～87．
[38] 史美芳．棉毛混纺织物前处理工艺探讨．印染．2002(10)．：27～28．
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