用户名: 密码: 验证码:
镉锌对紫花苜蓿生长的影响研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本论文是在我国水资源危机日趋严重,土壤重金属镉污染面积不断扩大的情况下,针对抗旱、抗寒能力强,生物量大、经济实用价值高的紫花苜蓿,进行的重金属镉、锌的抗性试验研究。结果表明:在试验浓度范围内,镉、锌对紫花苜蓿的种子萌发的影响呈剂量关系。通过种子的发芽指数和活力指数的计算数据可知,低浓度的镉、锌可促进种子萌发和幼苗生长,高浓度时则有抑制效应。盆栽试验中镉对紫花苜蓿的出苗率、根、茎的生物量的影响与种子的萌发呈现同一规律;镉在紫花苜蓿体内的含量也与土壤中镉浓度有关:低浓度0—6mg/kg时,紫花苜蓿根部的镉含量低于茎、叶中的镉含量,但己超出我国饲料卫生标准2倍,浓度大于10mg/kg时,根部的镉含量比饲料卫生标准高出20倍,而土壤中镉含量大大降低,所以此时的紫花苜蓿是修复镉污染土壤的较好的植物;当加200mg/kg锌后,镉的毒害作用明显减小,随着生长时间的增长,生物量受镉的影响也在减小,同时紫花苜蓿体内的镉含量大幅度降低,有些己降到饲料标准以下。镉对紫花苜蓿叶中的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量的影响则是随着镉浓度的增加而减小。
     由于环境条件的不同,镉对微区中紫花苜蓿的影响远小于对盆栽的影响。
In our country, water crisis is increasingly serious and the pollution eara of soil heavy metal Cadmium expands continuously. Under this situation, my dissertation studys alfalfa which has good economic value and strong drought and cold resistance. In the study, resistance experiments of heavy metal- Cadmium arid Znic are carried out. It proved that in the scope of experimental concentration the effect which Znic and Cadmium has on alfalfa presents dosage relation. It is known that low concentration of Cadmium and Znic can promote seeds to sprout and seedling to grow; high concentration has restrain effect. In the potted plant experiment, Cadmium has the same effect on sprout rate, root and leave of seedling and seed of alfalfa. The content of Cadmium in the body of alfalfa has relation with the concentration of Cadmium. When the concentration is low, 0-6 mg/kg , the content of Cadmium in the root of alfalfa is lower than in the stern and leaf, but two times higher than the forage hugiene standard of our country. When the concentration is higher than 10mg/kg, the content of Cadmium in the root is 20 times higher than the standard, but the content of Cadmium in the soil decreased obviously, so alfalfa of this condition is the best alternative for renovating polluted soil. When 200mg/kg Znic is added, the poison of Cadmium is decreased dramatically with the grow time increasing, the Cadmium effect on living number decreased. At the same time, the content of Cadmium in the body of alfalfa has decreased, some of them has decreased under standard. The content of chlorophyll and carotenoid in alfalfa decrease when the concentration of Cadmium increased.
    The effect which Cadmium has on alfalfa of mini-eara is smaller than potted plant because condition is difference.
引文
[1] 李天杰主编.土壤环境学.高等教育出版社,1996,102~138
    [2] 周泽义.中国蔬菜重金属污染及控制[J].资源生态环境网络研究动态,1999,10(3):21~27
    [3] 王凯荣.我国农田镉污染现状及其治理利用对策.农业环境保护, 1997,16(6) 274~278
    [4] 华珞,白玲玉.镉锌复合污染对小麦籽粒镉累积的影响和有机肥调控作用[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(5):393~398.
    [5] 蒋先军,骆永明.镉污染土壤的植物修复及其EDIA调控研究I Cd对富集植物印度安芥菜的毒性[J].土壤,2001,33(4):197~201
    [6] 刘芬.清水塘地区土壤重金属污染现状及土地利用设想[J].农业环境保护,1998,(4):162~164.
    [7] 廖自基编著.微量元素的环境化学及生物效应[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1992.121~134
    [8] 姜文来 水资源价值论[M].北京:科学出版社.,1999,98~105
    [9] 王林生.豫西旱农区水资源的开发与利用.安徽农业科学,2002,30(4):628~630
    [10] 王菊思.中国的水污染与水短缺问题.生态学报,1990,10(1):71~79
    [11] 宁振东.水污染·水资源·对策.环境科学进展,1995,3(6):25~30
    [12] 郑鹤龄.污水资源化利用及对环境的影响.天津农业科学,1999,5(1):13~15
    [13] 杨吉华等.紫花苜蓿保持水土效益的研究.土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1997,3(2):91~96
    [14] 卞东娴,孟昭仪.苜蓿和沙打旺增氮改土的生态效益.见:中国草地科学研究与发展战略-中国草原学会第三届代表大会暨第五次全国学术会议论文选编.中国科学技术出版社.1991,49~54
    [15] 汪开治.食药两用话苜蓿.植物杂志,1998,01:10
    [16] 杨英等.紫花苜蓿的利用方式和栽培技术.陕西农业科学,2001,7:45~48
    [17] 崔国文.紫花苜蓿的国内外生产现状及市场分析预测.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2001,08:19
    [18] 中国农业全书总编辑委员会.中国农业全书(北京卷).北京:中国农业出版社,1999,8~11.124
    
    
    [19] Ailoway. B.J. 1999.Cadmium in Heary Metal in Soils. Alloway B, J ,Ed.Wiley & Soers Inc.100~121.
    [20] Jackson, A. P. and Alloway, B.J. 1991. The transfer of cadmium from sewage sloudge amened soils into the edible components of food crops. Water Air Soil Pollut .57~58: 873~881
    [21] 夏增禄.土壤环境容量及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,1988,50~60
    [22] Brown,S,L.,Chaney, R.L.,Angle,J.S. and Baker, A.J.M.1995. Zinc and Cadmium uptake by hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens grown in nutrient solution.Soil Sci. Arn .J.,59:125~133.
    [23] Florijin, P.J. and Van Beusichem, M. L. 1993. Uptake and distribution of cadmium in maize inbred lines. Plant and Soil. 150:25~32
    [24] Florijin, P.J., Nelemans, J.A. and Van Beusichem, M. L. 1991. Cadmium uotake by lettuce varieties. Nech. J.Agric, Sci.,39:103~114.
    [25] 刘秀梅等 植物对污泥的响应及根系对重金属的活化作用.土壤与环境,2002.,11(2):121~124.
    [26] 冯邵元等 重金属在小麦作物体中残留特征的田间试验研究.农业工程学报,2002,18(4):113~15.
    [27] 郑文娟,邓波儿.铬和镉对作物品质的影响[J].土壤,1993,25(6):324~326.
    [28] 任继凯,陈清朗,陈灵芝等.土壤中镉、铅、锌及其相互作用对作物的影响[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,1982,6(4):320~329.
    [29] 林舜华,陈章龙,陈清朗等.,汞隔对水稻叶片光合作用的影响[J].环境科学学报,1981,1(4):324~330
    [30] 夏增禄,穆从如,孟维奇等.Cd、Pb、Zn及其相互作用对烟草、小麦的影响[J].生态学报,1984,4(3):231~235.
    [31] 阎雨平,蔡士悦,史艇.广东赤红壤、红壤含镉的农作物污染效应及其临界含量研究[J].环境科学研究,1992,5(2):49~52.
    [32] 夏汉平.土壤-植物系统中的镉研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,1997,3(3):289~298.
    [33] Lagriffoula Mocquotb Menchm etal. Cadmiium toxicity effects on growth, mineral and chlorphyll contents, and activities of stress related enzymesin young maize
    
    (ZeamaysL.)[J].Plant Soil, 1998, 200 (2): 241~250.
    [34] 余国莹,吴玉树,王焕校.不同化学形态镉、锌及其复合污染对小麦生理的影响[J].生态学报,1992,12(1):93~96.
    [35] 秦天才,吴玉树,王焕校.镉、铅及其相应作用对小白菜生理生化特性的影响[J].生态学报,1994,14(1):46~50.
    [36] 刘海亮,崔世民,李强等.Cd对作物种子萌发、幼苗生长及氧化酶同工酶的影响[J].环境科学,1971,12(6):29~31.
    [37] 段昌群,王焕校.重金属对蚕豆(Viciafaba)根尖的核酸含量及核酸酶活性影响的研究[J].环境科学,1992,13(5):31~35.
    [38] YangX.,Baligar, V.C.Maertens,D.C.and Clark, R.B.1995. Influx, transport and aumulation of cadmium in plant species. J .Environ. Sci. Health, B30(4):569~583.
    [39] YangX., Baligar, V.C.Maertens,D.C.and Clark,R.B.1996. Cadmium effects on influx and transport of mineral nutrients in plant species. J. Plant Nutr., 19(3&4):643~657
    [40] 项长兴,陈章龙.南京栖霞山铅锌矿区土壤环境质量评价[J].土壤,1993,25(6):319~323.
    [41] 任继凯,陈清朗,陈灵芝等.土壤镉污染与作物[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,1982,6(2):131~134.
    [42] 郑春荣.重金属的复合污染[A].陈怀满等.土壤.植物系统中的重金属污染[C].北京:科学出版社,1996,294~295
    [43] 周启星.复合污染生态学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.1995,156~170
    [44] 周启星.土壤-水稻系统镉、锌的复合污染及其衡量指标的研究[J].土壤学报,1995,32(4):430~435.
    [45] J Moraghan T,etal. Accumulation of cadmium and selected elements in flax seed grown on acalcareous soil [J]. Plant and Soil1993150: 61~68.
    [46] Abdel-Saolur M.F, etal. Cadmium-Zinc interactions in Plants and extractable cadmium and zinc fractions in soil [J]. Soil Science, 1998 145(6)424~431.
    [47] 周启星.作物籽实中镉与锌交互作用及其机理的研究[J].农业环境保护 1994 13(4):148~151.
    [48] 余国营,吴燕玉,王新.重金属复合污染对大豆生长的影响及其综合评价研究[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(4):433~439.
    
    
    [49] 吴燕玉.Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、As复合污染在农田生态系统的迁移动态研究[J].环境科学学报,1998,18(4):407~414.
    [50] 汪雅谷,卢善玲等.上海地区绿色食品蔬菜中若干污染物允许限量的初步探讨[J].上海农业学报,1997,13(3):16~20.
    [51] IARC. Monographson the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans [M].Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1993,112~116.
    [52] Davis,J.G., Weeks G. and Parker, M. B. 1995, Use of deep tillage and liming to reduce zinc toxicity in peanuts grown on flue dust contaminated land, Soil Technology, 8: 85~95.
    [53] 苗健,高琦,许思来.微量元素与相关疾病.郑州:河南医科大学出版社,1997,111~114.
    [54] 孙彦.北京地区8个紫花苜蓿品种产量比较.北京农学院学报,2002,17(1):77~78.
    [55] 吴燕玉.土壤砷复合污染及其防治研究.农业环境保护,1994,13(3):109~114,141.
    [56] Gardea -Torresdy, J. L, Tiemannk J. Gonzalez J. H, etal. Poster: Ability of Medicago sativa (alfalfa) to remove nickelions from aqueous solution[A]. In: Erickson L. E, Tillison D. L, Garnt S. C. etal, Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference on Hazardous Waste Research[C]. Mahattar.,Ks, May 23-24, 1995: 239~248.
    [57] Gardea -Torresdy, J. L, Tiemannk J. Gonzalez J. H, etal. Poster: Removal of Copperion from solution by silica-immobilized Medicago sativa (alfalfa)[A].In: Erickson L. E, Tillison D. L,Garnt S. C,etal.,eds,Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference on Hazardous Waste Research[C]. Mahattan,Ks, May 23-24,1995:209~217.
    [58] 丁园,宗良纲.潮土重金属复合污染对紫花苜蓿的影响.南昌航空工业学院学报.2002,16(3):47~50.
    [59] 叶春和.紫花苜蓿对铅污染土壤修复能力及其机理的研究.土壤与环境,2002,11(4):331~334.
    [60] 刘春华,张文淑.六十九个苜蓿品种耐盐性及其两个耐盐生理指标的研究.草业科学,1993,10(6):16~22.
    [61] 李景信.盐碱胁迫对苜蓿萌发种子呼吸代谢的影响.草业科学,1993,10(1):24~26.
    [62] 刘文辉.陇东紫花苜蓿的经济性状及其发展前景的研究.草业科学,1992,9(3):71~72
    [63] Mo C-H(莫测辉),Wu Q-T(吴启堂),Zhou Y-P(周友平)eta.1997, Apreliminary study on the effect of municipal sludge on crop seed germination and seeding growth. Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报), 8(6): 645~649 (in chinese).
    [64] 周化斌,姜丹,金卫挺.锰对大豆种子萌发的影响.种子,2003,130(4):22~23.
    
    
    [65] Acute Toxlocity of Heavy Metals(Copper, Lead, Zinc) Phenol and Sodium on Allium Cepa L, Lepidium Sativum L. and Daphnia Magna St.: Comparative Investigations and the Practical Applications Milan B. Aramba, Sabraija Bjeli Gordana Subakov Water Resource, 1995, 29 (2): 497~503.
    [66] Editor A A.等著.王沙生等译.种子休眠和萌发的生理生化[M].北京:农业出版社,1989:359~380.
    [67] 周青,黄晓华,彭方晴等.La-Gly配合物对Cd伤害小白菜的影响[J].环境科学,1999,20(1):91~94.
    [68] 杨居荣,贺建群,张国祥等.作物对Cd毒害的耐性机理探讨[J].应用生态学报.1995,46~49.
    [69] 李森林,王焕校,吴玉树.眼莲中锌对镉的拮抗作用.环境科学学报,1990,10(2):249~254.
    [70] 华东师范大学生物系植物生理教研组.植物生理实验指导.高等教育出版社,1980,51~54、74.
    [71] 段昌群,王焕校.重金属对蚕豆的细胞遗传学毒理作用和对蚕豆根尖微核技术的探讨.植物学报,1995,37(1):14~24.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700