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斜坡软弱土地基路堤的工程特性研究
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摘要
斜坡软弱土地基是指表面或底部呈倾斜状的软弱土地基。在其上填筑路堤,稳定与变形问题为广大工程技术人员与研究人员所关心。一般认为,在路堤荷载作用下,斜坡软弱土地基的稳定性较差,常需对其进行加固。研究斜坡软弱土地基路堤的工程特性会为类似工程的勘测、设计和施工等提供有益的参考与指导。为此,本文从室内土工离心模型试验和稳定性分析两个方面入手,进行了如下工作:
     (1)选取与某典型斜坡软弱土地基工点的土的物理力学指标相近的土料,进行了四组离心模型试验:水平软弱土地基路堤、1:10斜坡软弱土地基路堤、打入桩加固和抗滑桩加固的1:10斜坡软弱土地基路堤。根据试验结果,分析了水平软弱土地基与斜坡软弱土地基在路堤荷载作用下的变形特性;比较了打入桩加固与抗滑桩加固的效果;探讨了两种加固方案的对地基变形的影响,并对两种加固措施的使用提出了建议。
     (2)用土工专业软件GEO-SLOPE对不同情况下的地基进行了稳定性分析,结合斜坡软弱土地基路堤的离心模型试验结果与室内土工试验测得的参数,推求出了地基土的强度指标;分析了软弱土层C、Φ值的变化对地基稳定性的影响;探讨了打入桩方案和抗滑桩方案桩间距的变化和桩间土强度参数的发挥系数的变化对地基稳定性的影响,初步确定了不同加固方案的安全桩间距。
     试验结果与稳定性分析表明,在水平软弱土地基上填筑路堤比在1:10斜坡软弱土地基上填筑路堤更为安全;水平地基的变形大致对称于线路中心线,斜坡地基的变形集中在下坡一侧边坡下;打入桩加固与抗滑桩加固均能保持地基稳定,但前者的加固效果好于后者;当工程对地基沉降有严格要求时,抗滑桩宜与其他加固措施同时使用;地基稳定性随软弱土层C、Φ值的增长而增强;打入桩和抗滑桩加固软弱土地基时,桩间距越大,桩间土的强度发挥系数越小,则地基稳定性越差;本文条件下,打入桩加固的安全桩间距为2米,抗滑桩加固的安全桩间距为6米。
Slope soft-soil foundation means the soil foundation whose surface or bottom presents slope and soft. The stability and deformation of establishing embankment upon such foundation are much concerned by engineers and technicians. Generally, such slope soft-soil foundation often needs to be reinforced due to its poor stability under the load of embankment. And studying the engineering characteristics of slope soft-soil foundation will provide useful reference and guidance for such as engineering reconnaissance, design, construction and others. Therefore, the following work is carried out on lab geotechnical centrifuge model and stability analysis.
    (1) The soil whose physic-mechanics parameters are similar to that of a typical slope soft-soil foundation is selected and four groups of centrifuge model tests are carried out. The tests include: level soft foundation embankment, slope soft-soil foundation (1:10), slope soft-soil foundation (1:10) with the reinforcement of driven piles and stabilizing piles. According to the test results, the deformation characteristics of level soft-soil foundation and slope soft-soil foundation under the load of embankment are analyzed. The effects of driven piles and stabilizing piles reinforcements are compared. The respective influence of the two reinforcement means upon foundation deformation is discussed and useful suggestions on how to use the two means are finally put forward.
    (2) By using the professional geotechnical software "GEO-SLOPE", the foundation stability under different circumstances is analyzed. The intensity parameters of soft-soil foundation obtained from centrifuge model tests of slope soft foundation and lab geotechnical tests are reasoned out. How the change of C, φ values of soft-soil will influence the foundation stability is analyzed. How the change of space between driven piles and stabilizing piles and how the change of exertion coefficient of the between-pile soil intensity parameters will influence the foundation stability are analyzed. The safe space between piles of different reinforcement schemes is initially confirmed.
    
    
    
    The test results and stability analysis indicates that: It is safer to construct embankment upon level soft-soil foundation than slope soft-soil foundation (1:10). The deformation of level foundation is generally symmetric of road central line and the deformation of slope foundation is mainly concentrated on the border side of the declivity. Both driven piles and stabilizing piles can maintain the foundation stability and the former means works better than the later. Stabilizing piles are better used with other reinforcement means if the project is strict with foundation subside. The foundation stability builds up by the increase of C values of soft soil. When using both driven piles and stabilizing piles to reinforce soft foundation, as the space between piles grows, the intensity exertion coefficient parameters of between-pile soil then reduces and the foundation stability becomes worse. In this thesis, the safe space between driven piles is 2 meters and stabilizing piles 6 meters.
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