MPEG音频编码算法的研究和VLSI前端设计
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摘要
在卫星数字电视广播领域，我国采用国际上通用的MPEG-1层Ⅱ双声道立体声编码算法，然而这种编码算法需要大量的数据操作，必须用专用硬件来实现。本文对此算法进行了优化和软件验证，并研究了硬件实现的方法。
本文主要包含了以下几个方面的内容：
首先，通过与其它几种常用压缩算法的比较，阐述了MPEG编码算法在音频压缩位率和质量上的优点，并详细分析了MPEG音频编码算法的国际标准。利用Matlab数学工具实现了MPEG-1层Ⅱ音频编、解码过程。在此基础上，提出编码系统的硬件结构。
其次，分析了硬件结构中各个模块并估计了它们的运算复杂性，然后对子带滤波器组和心理声学模型作了进一步的探讨，提出了基于FFT的高效实现算法及其硬件结构。结合硬件的特点，利用Matlab工具建模验证了算法的正确性。根据该算法的硬件结构，编写了结构中所有的Verilog HDL模型，并成功进行了仿真和逻辑综合。
最后，在MPEG-1层Ⅱ编码的硬件结构的基础上，结合计算机并口通信和Flash存储器的接口模块，采用现场可编程逻辑器件FPGA技术，最终设计了一种应用于音频信号存储的MPEG音频编码系统。完成了该系统的VLSI结构设计和Verilog HDL模型描述，并进行验证。
In the field of satellite digital television broadcast, our country employs the MPEG-1 layers II dual channel stereo coding algorithm. However, the large amount of data operation is required in this kind of algorithm and it cannot be implemented without the Application Specific Integrated Circuit. In the paper, the algorithm procedure is optimized and verified with software, and a hardware-base system is searched.
This thesis consists of the following contents:
First, the differences of the MPEG coding and some generally audio coding algorithms are compared, and the MPEG coding plays better than others in rate and quality. The MPEG audio coding international standard is analyzed in detail, and the model of the MPEG audio coding and decoding system set up with the MATLAB mathematics tools. At last, the encoding hardware structure of MPEG-1 layer II is put forward.
Second, in the paper, we have analyzed every module of the structure and estimated it's complexity. Then the sub-band filter bank and psycho- acoustic modules are more investigated. A more efficient algorithm based on Fast Fourier Transform is introduced, and we join together the character of the hardware to improve it's hardware construction. Furthermore the validity of algorithm has been verified using the Matlab tool. Programs with Verilog language, which describe all modules of the hardware construction, have been given and succeed in the logic simulation and synthesis.
Finally, on the basis of the MPEG-1 layer Hencoding hardware structure, the block of logic communicates with the PC over the parallel port and the interface for Flash memory are design. Then a MPEG audio coding system, which applies to store audio signal, is presented through the field programmable gate array device technology. The Verilog HDL models of the coder are programmed, and verified.
本文主要包含了以下几个方面的内容：
首先，通过与其它几种常用压缩算法的比较，阐述了MPEG编码算法在音频压缩位率和质量上的优点，并详细分析了MPEG音频编码算法的国际标准。利用Matlab数学工具实现了MPEG-1层Ⅱ音频编、解码过程。在此基础上，提出编码系统的硬件结构。
其次，分析了硬件结构中各个模块并估计了它们的运算复杂性，然后对子带滤波器组和心理声学模型作了进一步的探讨，提出了基于FFT的高效实现算法及其硬件结构。结合硬件的特点，利用Matlab工具建模验证了算法的正确性。根据该算法的硬件结构，编写了结构中所有的Verilog HDL模型，并成功进行了仿真和逻辑综合。
最后，在MPEG-1层Ⅱ编码的硬件结构的基础上，结合计算机并口通信和Flash存储器的接口模块，采用现场可编程逻辑器件FPGA技术，最终设计了一种应用于音频信号存储的MPEG音频编码系统。完成了该系统的VLSI结构设计和Verilog HDL模型描述，并进行验证。
In the field of satellite digital television broadcast, our country employs the MPEG-1 layers II dual channel stereo coding algorithm. However, the large amount of data operation is required in this kind of algorithm and it cannot be implemented without the Application Specific Integrated Circuit. In the paper, the algorithm procedure is optimized and verified with software, and a hardware-base system is searched.
This thesis consists of the following contents:
First, the differences of the MPEG coding and some generally audio coding algorithms are compared, and the MPEG coding plays better than others in rate and quality. The MPEG audio coding international standard is analyzed in detail, and the model of the MPEG audio coding and decoding system set up with the MATLAB mathematics tools. At last, the encoding hardware structure of MPEG-1 layer II is put forward.
Second, in the paper, we have analyzed every module of the structure and estimated it's complexity. Then the sub-band filter bank and psycho- acoustic modules are more investigated. A more efficient algorithm based on Fast Fourier Transform is introduced, and we join together the character of the hardware to improve it's hardware construction. Furthermore the validity of algorithm has been verified using the Matlab tool. Programs with Verilog language, which describe all modules of the hardware construction, have been given and succeed in the logic simulation and synthesis.
Finally, on the basis of the MPEG-1 layer Hencoding hardware structure, the block of logic communicates with the PC over the parallel port and the interface for Flash memory are design. Then a MPEG audio coding system, which applies to store audio signal, is presented through the field programmable gate array device technology. The Verilog HDL models of the coder are programmed, and verified.
引文
1. ISO/IEC JTCI.SC29, ISO/IEC 11172-3. Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5Mbits/s——Part3: Audio. 1993
2. Tsutomu Imai, junji Shiokaxa, Hiroshi Chib. MPEG-1 audio real-time encoding system. IEEE Transactions on Consume Electronics Vol.44.No.3, 1998
3. Zeng Xuewen, Hou Ziqiang. Efficient implementation of MPEG-1 audio encoder based on single DSP. Inter. Symp. On Consumer Electronics. Beijing, 1996
4. Yu-Chi Chen, Chien-Wu Tsai, Fast time-frequency transform and their application to real-time software inplementation of AC-3 Audio CODEC, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol.44. No.2. MAY. 1998
5．程佩青，数字信号处理教程，清华大学出版社，2001
6．钟玉琢，王琪，赵黎，杨小勤，MPEG-2运动图像压缩编码国际标准及MPEG的新进展，清华大学出版社，2002
7．Ken C．Pohimann，数字音频原理与应用，电子工业出版社，2002
8．张永斌，MPEG-2音频实时压缩编解码的一种快速算法，数字声频，11／1999
9．马余泰，面向VLSI时显得FFT并行算法，计算机学报，10／1994
10．鲁瑞华，听觉特性在数字音频压缩编码中的应用，电声技术，5／1998
11．精英科技，视频压缩与音频编码技术，中国电力出版社，2002
12．王剑虹，吴海华，陈健，MPEG音频解码中子带合成滤波器的快速算法及定点DSP实现，上海交通大学学报，2000
13．王建昕，董在望，MPEG音频编码算法的研究与实时实现，清华大学学报，1997
14．曾学文，侯自强，MPEG音频编码的高效算法研究及单片DSP实现，应用声学，2000
15．王金明，杨吉斌，数字系统设计与Verilog HDL，电子工业出版社，2002
16．J．Bhasker，Verilog HDL硬件描述语言，机械工业出版社，1997
17．孙燕，刘爱民，Protel 99设计与实例，机械工业出版社，2000
18．杨品，钟玉琢，MPEG运动图像压缩编码标准(ISO／IEC 11172)，机械工业出版社，1995
19．孟宪元，可编程ASIC集成数字系统，电子工业出版社，1998
20．杨之廉，申明，朝大规模集成电路设计方法学导论，清华大学出版社，1998
21．北京理工大学ASIC研究所，VHDL语言100例详解，清华大学出版社，2000
22．李俭川，许君，尹永利，基于PC机打印机口的接口设计及其应用，电讯技术，2000．1
23．王士元，C高级应用程序设计，清华大学出版社，1996
24．前导工作室，MFC开发人员参考手册，机械工业出版社，1998
25. Duance Hanselman, Bruce Littlefield, 精通MATLAB综合辅导与指南，1999
26．陈亚勇，MATLAB信号处理详解，人民邮电出版社，2001
27．王新梅，肖国镇，纠错码——原理与方法，西安电子科技大学出版社，2001
28．李伟华，VLSI设计基础，电子工业出版社，2002
29．张文旭，李海琴，C++程序设计轻松入门，机械工业出版社，1998
30. Insight, The Programmable Logic Data Book, 2001
2. Tsutomu Imai, junji Shiokaxa, Hiroshi Chib. MPEG-1 audio real-time encoding system. IEEE Transactions on Consume Electronics Vol.44.No.3, 1998
3. Zeng Xuewen, Hou Ziqiang. Efficient implementation of MPEG-1 audio encoder based on single DSP. Inter. Symp. On Consumer Electronics. Beijing, 1996
4. Yu-Chi Chen, Chien-Wu Tsai, Fast time-frequency transform and their application to real-time software inplementation of AC-3 Audio CODEC, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol.44. No.2. MAY. 1998
5．程佩青，数字信号处理教程，清华大学出版社，2001
6．钟玉琢，王琪，赵黎，杨小勤，MPEG-2运动图像压缩编码国际标准及MPEG的新进展，清华大学出版社，2002
7．Ken C．Pohimann，数字音频原理与应用，电子工业出版社，2002
8．张永斌，MPEG-2音频实时压缩编解码的一种快速算法，数字声频，11／1999
9．马余泰，面向VLSI时显得FFT并行算法，计算机学报，10／1994
10．鲁瑞华，听觉特性在数字音频压缩编码中的应用，电声技术，5／1998
11．精英科技，视频压缩与音频编码技术，中国电力出版社，2002
12．王剑虹，吴海华，陈健，MPEG音频解码中子带合成滤波器的快速算法及定点DSP实现，上海交通大学学报，2000
13．王建昕，董在望，MPEG音频编码算法的研究与实时实现，清华大学学报，1997
14．曾学文，侯自强，MPEG音频编码的高效算法研究及单片DSP实现，应用声学，2000
15．王金明，杨吉斌，数字系统设计与Verilog HDL，电子工业出版社，2002
16．J．Bhasker，Verilog HDL硬件描述语言，机械工业出版社，1997
17．孙燕，刘爱民，Protel 99设计与实例，机械工业出版社，2000
18．杨品，钟玉琢，MPEG运动图像压缩编码标准(ISO／IEC 11172)，机械工业出版社，1995
19．孟宪元，可编程ASIC集成数字系统，电子工业出版社，1998
20．杨之廉，申明，朝大规模集成电路设计方法学导论，清华大学出版社，1998
21．北京理工大学ASIC研究所，VHDL语言100例详解，清华大学出版社，2000
22．李俭川，许君，尹永利，基于PC机打印机口的接口设计及其应用，电讯技术，2000．1
23．王士元，C高级应用程序设计，清华大学出版社，1996
24．前导工作室，MFC开发人员参考手册，机械工业出版社，1998
25. Duance Hanselman, Bruce Littlefield, 精通MATLAB综合辅导与指南，1999
26．陈亚勇，MATLAB信号处理详解，人民邮电出版社，2001
27．王新梅，肖国镇，纠错码——原理与方法，西安电子科技大学出版社，2001
28．李伟华，VLSI设计基础，电子工业出版社，2002
29．张文旭，李海琴，C++程序设计轻松入门，机械工业出版社，1998
30. Insight, The Programmable Logic Data Book, 2001
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