路由交换机中缓解网络业务流拥塞的分析
摘要
尽管网络的带宽技术不断地在进步，大多数的使用者仍然无法满足网络所提供的服务质量(QoS)，而在人们对网络的需求增加之时，如何在现有的网络结构下，保证使用者的网络服务质量将是一个非常重要且急迫的课题。
本文首先分析了现有网络服务质量保证的算法和数据包分类方法，然后详细分析和研究了Catalyst6506路由交换机基于端口CoS(Class of Service)值设置、信任与非信任关系、数据分类等QoS保证机制。制定了相应的路由交换机用户模型和实施策略。最后，成功地在路由交换机上实现了具有QoS品质保证的流量控制策略，路由交换机可由权重式排队算法来提供一定的服务品质给高优先权的数据流，使其通过交换机时能尽可能的避免其它低优先权数据流的影响，在路由交换机中全程提供高优先权数据流的带宽保证，使得拥有高优先权的数据流能迅速地通过网络节点。
With the development of the wide band in internet, most users are still unsatisfied with the QoS. While the users have increasing needs, under present situation, how to guarantee the Quality of Service is an urgent problem to solve.
This paper firstly analyzes the calculation of present Quality of Service and the classification of the packet. Then it carefully analyzes and study Catalyst 6506 Router Switching based on CoS(class of Service); the relationship between belief and disbelief and guaranteed system of the classification of statistics so as to decide some measures system of the classification of statistics so as to decide some measures to take accordingly. Finally, it accomplishes the schedule of Quality of Service of the router. In this way, it will avoid the other influence of sub-privilege statistics, thus it provides wide band of privilege statistics all the way so as to make the privilege statistics go through the net swiftly.
本文首先分析了现有网络服务质量保证的算法和数据包分类方法，然后详细分析和研究了Catalyst6506路由交换机基于端口CoS(Class of Service)值设置、信任与非信任关系、数据分类等QoS保证机制。制定了相应的路由交换机用户模型和实施策略。最后，成功地在路由交换机上实现了具有QoS品质保证的流量控制策略，路由交换机可由权重式排队算法来提供一定的服务品质给高优先权的数据流，使其通过交换机时能尽可能的避免其它低优先权数据流的影响，在路由交换机中全程提供高优先权数据流的带宽保证，使得拥有高优先权的数据流能迅速地通过网络节点。
With the development of the wide band in internet, most users are still unsatisfied with the QoS. While the users have increasing needs, under present situation, how to guarantee the Quality of Service is an urgent problem to solve.
This paper firstly analyzes the calculation of present Quality of Service and the classification of the packet. Then it carefully analyzes and study Catalyst 6506 Router Switching based on CoS(class of Service); the relationship between belief and disbelief and guaranteed system of the classification of statistics so as to decide some measures system of the classification of statistics so as to decide some measures to take accordingly. Finally, it accomplishes the schedule of Quality of Service of the router. In this way, it will avoid the other influence of sub-privilege statistics, thus it provides wide band of privilege statistics all the way so as to make the privilege statistics go through the net swiftly.
引文
1 ITU-T. Draft Recommendation 1.350. General aspect of quality of service and network performance in digital networks, including ISDNs, April 1992
2 J. L. Jung and D. Seret. Translation of QoS parameters into ATM performance parameter in B-ISDN. Proc, IEEE INFOCOM'93, San Francisco, CA 1993
3 Alexander Achill, Sabine Kuhn, Frank Breiter. Internetworking over ATM: Experiences with IP/Ipng and RSVP. Computer Network and ISDN systems, 28 (1996) 1915-1927
4 Kazutaka Murakami, Hyong S.Kirm. Virtual Path Routing for survivable ATM, IEEE/ACM Trans on Network, vol.4, No.1,1996: pp 22-39
5 Shigang chen, Nahrstedt. An overview of Quality of Service routing for Next Generation High-speed Networks; Problems and solutions. IEEE Network, Nov/Dec, 1998
6 杨新凯，席裕庚．基于多项服务质量的域间路由方案．通信技术，No．104，totally，1999
7 陈文云，胡家骏．一种动态实时多约束ATM路由．上海交通大学学报Vol．33，No．5，May，1999
8 Chotipat Pornavalai, Goutam chakraborty and Norio Shiratori. Qos based Routing in Integrated services Packet Networks. IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, 1997: pp 167-174
9 Zheng Wang, Jon Crowcroft. Qos Routing for Supporting Multimedia Applications, IEEE JSAC, 1996, vol14(7):
10 Rahmi Marasli, Paul D.Amer, Phillip T. Conrad. An analytic study of partially ordered transport services.Computer Networks and ISDN systems, 29 (1997) 675～699
11 Miklos Berzsenyi, Istvan Vajk, Hui Zhang. Design and implementation of a video on-demand system. Computer Networks and ISDN systems, 30 (1998) 1467～1473
12 Werner Almesberger, Leena Chandran-Wadia, Silvia Giordano, Jean-Yves Le Boudec, Rolf Schmid. Using quality of service can be simple: Arequipa with Renegotiable ATM connections. Computer Networks and ISDN systems, 30 (1998) 2327～2336
13 Maria C.Yuang, Yieh R.Haung. Bandwidth assignment paradigms for broddband integrated voice/data networks.Computer Communications 21(1998) 243～253
14 ITU-T. Draft Recommendation I.350.General aspect of quality of service and network performance in digital networks, including ISDNs, April 1992
15 Antonios F. Atlasis, Athanasios V. Vasilakos.LB-SELA: rate-based access control for ATM networks. Computer Networks and ISDN systems, 30 (1998) 963～980
16 S. Kunniyur, R. Srikant. End-to-end congestion control: utility functions, random losses and ECN marks. INFOCOM2000, Tel Aviv, Israel.
17 R. Braden, Ed., L. Zhang, S. Berson, S. Herzog, S. Jamin, RFC 2205, "Resource ReSer Vation Protocol (RSVP)—Version 1 Functional Specification," September 1997.
18 Peter Key and Derek McAuley. Differential QoS and pricing in networks: where flow-control meets game theory. IEE Proceedings Software Vol.146, No.2, March 1999.
19 Richard La, V. Anantharam. Adaptive Modification of Generalized Processor Sharing. Submitted to the IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.
20 IETF DiffServ working group; http://www. ietf. org/html.charters/DiffServ-charter, html
21 M. Carlson et al., "An Architecture for Differentiated Services", RFC 2475, December 1998;
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2475.txt.
22 B. Carpenter, RFC 1958, "Architecture Principles of the internet," June 1996; http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1958.txt.
23 S. Deering, R. Hinden, RFC 1883, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification," December 1995.
24 J. Postel, RFC 764, "Telnet Protocol specification," Jun 1980.
25 T. Berners-Lee, RFC 1945, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol--HTTP/1.0".
26 L. Kleinrock, Queuing Systems, Vol. 2: Computer Applications, Wiley Inter-science, New York, 1975.
27 S. Keshav, An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking, Addison Wesley Longman, Reading, Mass., 1997.
28 William H. Sandholm, An Evolutionary Approach to Congestion, February 1998.
29 曲润涛，席裕庚，韩兵 多媒体通信的成组多点广播路由算法 《通信学报》1999．5
30 何小燕，费翔，吴介 高速网络中基于模糊神经网络的拥塞控制研究 《东南大学学报》1999．9
31 史川军 高速网络服务质量的路由选择问题 《电讯技术》2000
32 张占军，韩承德，杨学良 基于自适应节的多媒体流QoS保证的研究 《计算机学报》2000．12
33 邓志成，赵建英，周旗，徐惠民 一种QoS保证的路由算法 《北京邮电大学学报》1999．12
34 罗万明，林闯，阎保平 一种支持多媒体通信QoS的拥塞控制机制 《电子学报》2000．11
35 刘燕，孙利民，杨晓东 LCFAA：一个低代价的完全自适应路由算法 《计算机研究与发展》1999．3
36 郭福田，姜军，朱丽萍，邱成 网络互联中的路由技术应用研究 《计算机应用研究》1999
37 董庆阳，李毓麟，许刚 IP组播路由结构的性能分析 《上海交通大学学报》1999．9
38 张宇，汤伟中，管文军 IPQoS仿真软件的设计与实现 《电讯技术》2000年第6期
39 廖敬一，裘正定 异质性网络多媒体通信的多播路由算法 《计算机研究与发展》2000．12
40 李晓红，张新荣，冯志勇，孙济洲 网络多媒体信息传输同步失调控制研究 内蒙古大学学报 1999．1
2 J. L. Jung and D. Seret. Translation of QoS parameters into ATM performance parameter in B-ISDN. Proc, IEEE INFOCOM'93, San Francisco, CA 1993
3 Alexander Achill, Sabine Kuhn, Frank Breiter. Internetworking over ATM: Experiences with IP/Ipng and RSVP. Computer Network and ISDN systems, 28 (1996) 1915-1927
4 Kazutaka Murakami, Hyong S.Kirm. Virtual Path Routing for survivable ATM, IEEE/ACM Trans on Network, vol.4, No.1,1996: pp 22-39
5 Shigang chen, Nahrstedt. An overview of Quality of Service routing for Next Generation High-speed Networks; Problems and solutions. IEEE Network, Nov/Dec, 1998
6 杨新凯，席裕庚．基于多项服务质量的域间路由方案．通信技术，No．104，totally，1999
7 陈文云，胡家骏．一种动态实时多约束ATM路由．上海交通大学学报Vol．33，No．5，May，1999
8 Chotipat Pornavalai, Goutam chakraborty and Norio Shiratori. Qos based Routing in Integrated services Packet Networks. IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, 1997: pp 167-174
9 Zheng Wang, Jon Crowcroft. Qos Routing for Supporting Multimedia Applications, IEEE JSAC, 1996, vol14(7):
10 Rahmi Marasli, Paul D.Amer, Phillip T. Conrad. An analytic study of partially ordered transport services.Computer Networks and ISDN systems, 29 (1997) 675～699
11 Miklos Berzsenyi, Istvan Vajk, Hui Zhang. Design and implementation of a video on-demand system. Computer Networks and ISDN systems, 30 (1998) 1467～1473
12 Werner Almesberger, Leena Chandran-Wadia, Silvia Giordano, Jean-Yves Le Boudec, Rolf Schmid. Using quality of service can be simple: Arequipa with Renegotiable ATM connections. Computer Networks and ISDN systems, 30 (1998) 2327～2336
13 Maria C.Yuang, Yieh R.Haung. Bandwidth assignment paradigms for broddband integrated voice/data networks.Computer Communications 21(1998) 243～253
14 ITU-T. Draft Recommendation I.350.General aspect of quality of service and network performance in digital networks, including ISDNs, April 1992
15 Antonios F. Atlasis, Athanasios V. Vasilakos.LB-SELA: rate-based access control for ATM networks. Computer Networks and ISDN systems, 30 (1998) 963～980
16 S. Kunniyur, R. Srikant. End-to-end congestion control: utility functions, random losses and ECN marks. INFOCOM2000, Tel Aviv, Israel.
17 R. Braden, Ed., L. Zhang, S. Berson, S. Herzog, S. Jamin, RFC 2205, "Resource ReSer Vation Protocol (RSVP)—Version 1 Functional Specification," September 1997.
18 Peter Key and Derek McAuley. Differential QoS and pricing in networks: where flow-control meets game theory. IEE Proceedings Software Vol.146, No.2, March 1999.
19 Richard La, V. Anantharam. Adaptive Modification of Generalized Processor Sharing. Submitted to the IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.
20 IETF DiffServ working group; http://www. ietf. org/html.charters/DiffServ-charter, html
21 M. Carlson et al., "An Architecture for Differentiated Services", RFC 2475, December 1998;
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2475.txt.
22 B. Carpenter, RFC 1958, "Architecture Principles of the internet," June 1996; http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1958.txt.
23 S. Deering, R. Hinden, RFC 1883, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification," December 1995.
24 J. Postel, RFC 764, "Telnet Protocol specification," Jun 1980.
25 T. Berners-Lee, RFC 1945, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol--HTTP/1.0".
26 L. Kleinrock, Queuing Systems, Vol. 2: Computer Applications, Wiley Inter-science, New York, 1975.
27 S. Keshav, An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking, Addison Wesley Longman, Reading, Mass., 1997.
28 William H. Sandholm, An Evolutionary Approach to Congestion, February 1998.
29 曲润涛，席裕庚，韩兵 多媒体通信的成组多点广播路由算法 《通信学报》1999．5
30 何小燕，费翔，吴介 高速网络中基于模糊神经网络的拥塞控制研究 《东南大学学报》1999．9
31 史川军 高速网络服务质量的路由选择问题 《电讯技术》2000
32 张占军，韩承德，杨学良 基于自适应节的多媒体流QoS保证的研究 《计算机学报》2000．12
33 邓志成，赵建英，周旗，徐惠民 一种QoS保证的路由算法 《北京邮电大学学报》1999．12
34 罗万明，林闯，阎保平 一种支持多媒体通信QoS的拥塞控制机制 《电子学报》2000．11
35 刘燕，孙利民，杨晓东 LCFAA：一个低代价的完全自适应路由算法 《计算机研究与发展》1999．3
36 郭福田，姜军，朱丽萍，邱成 网络互联中的路由技术应用研究 《计算机应用研究》1999
37 董庆阳，李毓麟，许刚 IP组播路由结构的性能分析 《上海交通大学学报》1999．9
38 张宇，汤伟中，管文军 IPQoS仿真软件的设计与实现 《电讯技术》2000年第6期
39 廖敬一，裘正定 异质性网络多媒体通信的多播路由算法 《计算机研究与发展》2000．12
40 李晓红，张新荣，冯志勇，孙济洲 网络多媒体信息传输同步失调控制研究 内蒙古大学学报 1999．1
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