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扬州鹅染色体核型、带型分析及其与生产性能的相关性研究
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摘要
本研究选用70日龄的扬州鹅为素材,探讨了扬州鹅淋巴细胞培养的方法,分析了扬州鹅的核型和G带带型,并绘制了扬州鹅的核型模式图和G带模式图,初步研究了扬州鹅染色体银染的分布规律。从细胞遗传学的角度,为扬州鹅的品种特性研究提供了有力的资料。试验中,还探讨了生产性能不同的扬州鹅,其染色体参数方面的差异,从细胞水平探索与生产性能相关的遗传标记。结果表明:
     1、适合扬州鹅淋巴细胞生长的培养温度为41℃。在培养终止前加入秋水仙素,其浓度为0.12ug/ml,处理50分钟,此时大部分分裂相中的染色体处于有丝分裂的中期,经后处理可作核型分析用。作带型分析时,可用0.08ug/ml的秋水仙素处理30分钟,此时染色体处于前中期。
     2、扬州鹅染色体数目2n=78,有2对长染色体,2对中长染色体,2对中短染色体,其余33对为短染色体。第1对为最长的亚中央着丝点染色体;第3对为典型的亚端部着丝点染色体;性染色体为第4对,其中Z染色体的相对长度为11.59%,W染色体的相对长度为5.55%,其长度接近第8号染色体。其余7对均为中央着丝点染色体。
     3、扬州鹅前6对染色体G带显带各有特点,其中核型参数较接近的第4对、第5对和第6对染色体,可通过带型分析将其进行区分。此3对染色体上各有一段着色很深的条带,但所处的位置不同。其中,该带在4号染色体上位于长臂近着丝点处,在5号染色体上位于长臂的端部,而在6号染色体上则占据整个短臂。
     4、扬州鹅染色体银染的均数为1.7。银染的部位主要集中在1号染色体的长
    
    臂端部及微小染色体上。
     5、70日龄体重和体尺差异显著的两组扬州鹅,其2号染色体在相对长度这
    一指标中差异显著(P<0.05)。体重和体尺差异显著的公鹅,其3号染色体在臂
    比指数方面差异显著,在着丝点指数方面差异极显著(P<0.01);2号染色体的
    相对长度差异显著。体重和体尺差异显著的母鹅,其4号染色体的臂比值与着丝
    点指数差异显著,相对长度差异极显著(P<0.01)。同时,5号和6号染色体的
    相对长度也存在极显著的差异。
     6、扬州鹅染色体参数与生产性能的相关性研究表明,3号染色体臂比值与10
    周龄体斜长和胫长之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05):6号染色体的臂比值与胸宽呈
    显著正相关;3号染色体的着丝点指数与体斜长呈显著负相关(二一0.372,P(
    0.05),与胫长呈极显著负相关(二一0.454,P<0.01);6号染色体的着丝点指数
    与胸宽呈显著负相关(二一0.373,P(0.05):1号染色体的相对长度与胸深呈极
    显著正相关(二0.451,P<0.01);2号染色体的相对长度与胫长呈显著负相关
     (r=一0.355,P<0.05);5号染色体的相对长度与胸深呈显著负相关(二一0.417,P
    <0.05)。由上可知,染色体的参数与早期部分生产性能的相关性研究结果表明,
    可将其作为扬州鹅选种的辅助手段。
The experiment is conducted with Yangzhou goose, age of 70 days. The objective of the study is to explore some methods of incubating Yangzhou goose's lymphocyte cell, to analysis Yangzhou goose's karyotype and G-banding type and to draw pattern graph. This paper also studies the distribution rule of chromosome's Ag-NORs of the Yangzhou goose. According to the study, it is founded that if the early productive performances of Yangzhou goose are different, the chromosome's parameters will change accordingly. And there exists some relativity between them. This provides some probability to find the genetic markers related to productive performance in the extent of cell. The results are as follows:
    1.The appropriate temperature for the growth of Yangzhou goose's cell is 41 ℃.The majority chromosomes are at the stage of the metaphase of karyokinesis if colchicine is added to the culture medium, whose concentration is 0.12ug/ml and it's effect is kept for 50 minutes. At the same time, if the concentration changes to 0.08ug/ml and it's effects lasts only for 30 minutes, the configuration of chromosomes will be very long and thin, which can be used as banding analysis.
    2.The total number of Yangzhou goose's chromosome is 78,which includes two pairs of long chromosomes, two pairs of general long chromosomes, two pairs of short chromosomes and 33 pairs of extremely short chromosomes. The No.1 pairs of all chromosomes are the longest one, whose arm ration value is 1.71,centromere index value is 37.03%,relative length is 20.03%.The No.3 pairs of chromosome are very typical, whose arm ratio value is 3.52,the largest one in the first 10 chromosomes, centromere index value is 40.74%,the relative length is 15.93%.The sex chromosomes is the No.4.The relative length of Z chromosome is 11.59%,but the length of W
    
    
    chromosome is smaller, which relative length is 5.55%,similar to the length of chromosome No.8.In the first 10 pairs of chromosomes, except the three chromosomes mentioned, the rest ones' centromere are all in the middle of chromosomes.
    3.The chromosomes before the No.7 have different characters. The karotype parameters of the three chromosomes No.4, No.5 and No.6 are very similar. But they can be distinguished by banding analysis. Each of them has a different colorful trace in different position. For the No.4 chromosome,the darkest band lies in the long arm near it's centromere ,but in the No.5 chromosome the band is near the top of long arm. For the No.6,it holds all the short arms.
    4.The average number of Ag-NORs bands in Yangzhou goose is 1.7.The major positions are on the top of the long arm in the No.l chromosome and on the miniature chromosome.
    5.According to the apparent parameters in Yangzhou geese whose weight and size of body are different, the relative length in the No.2 chromosome exist difference (p<0.05). Besides, if the productive performance of yangzhou male goose is different, the value of arm ration in the No.3 chromosome is extremely different (p<0.05),as well as the index value of centromere and the relative length (p<0.01) in the No.2 chromosome.For the female goose with different productive performance, the arm ratio value and index value of centromere are different (p<0.05),and the difference of the relative length in the No.2 chromosome is extremely significant(p<0.01).At the same time, the extremely difference also exists in the relative length of the No.5 and No.6 chromosome(p<0.01).
    6.The relative study of chromosome parameter and early productive performance shows that there exists a positive relativity in the arm ratio of the No.3 chromosome and the inclined length of body, the length of shinbone for the Yangzhou goose of 10 weeks (p<0.05).In the No.6 chromosome, there exists positive relativity between it's arm ratio value and breast width. The index value of centromere in the No.3 chromosome shows negative relativity with the inclined length of body(r=-0.372,p<0.05), and with the length of the shinbone(r=-0.454,p<0.01). The index value of centromere in the No.6 chromosome shows
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