城市交通网络信号优化
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摘要
城市交通不仅直接影响着城市经济的发展也和城市居民的生活休戚相关。近年来，交通拥挤以及由此带来的经济损失和环境污染等问题使得各国政府面临严峻考验。如何对城市交通流进行合理科学的调控与管理是全球交通工程和理论界的焦点所在，而城市交通网络信号优化又是其中一个重要的发展方向。本文以Singh和Tamura的模型为基础对实际单路口及多路口网络分别进行建模，并采用大系统的降阶思想编写了算法对它们进行仿真。结果表明该优化算法在一定程度上对排队对长进行了有效的疏散。
西北工业大学空中交通管理系统研究所几年来一直致力于城市道路交通方面的研究和城市智能交通控制系统(ITS)的技术开发，硕果累累，其中多项已用于全国多个城市，取得了良好的经济和社会效益。本文介绍了具备网络控制功能的新一代XATM智能交通信号机，该信号机是根据中国城市道路交通的实际情况对国外同类产品扬长避短开发而成。重点介绍了基于智能信号机的CAN总线通讯系统的软硬件开发。
Urban traffic has both direct effect on economy of the city and close relationship with the citizens. For the moment, traffic congestion, economic loss and pollution that are resulted from traffic congestion are big problems which governments around the world are faced with. The researchers and engineers in the field of the traffic engineering are focusing on how to regulate and control the traffic flow properly and scientifically. And optimization for urban road traffic networks is an important branch. On the basis of the model of Singh and Tamura, this paper proposes models of several practical systems, including a complex junction and two networks. Hierarchical algorithms and simulation results are also presents in this paper. We can draw a conclusion that queues can be effectively dissipated in a certain degree by using this optimal control.
Air Traffic Management Institute of NPU has being engaged with researches on urban traffic control and ITS for years. And it has achieved lots of productions. A new-type of Traffic Signal Machine named XATM-IV is introduced in this paper and emphasis is put on the hardware and software designs of CAN Bus communication system that is attached to XATM-IV.
西北工业大学空中交通管理系统研究所几年来一直致力于城市道路交通方面的研究和城市智能交通控制系统(ITS)的技术开发，硕果累累，其中多项已用于全国多个城市，取得了良好的经济和社会效益。本文介绍了具备网络控制功能的新一代XATM智能交通信号机，该信号机是根据中国城市道路交通的实际情况对国外同类产品扬长避短开发而成。重点介绍了基于智能信号机的CAN总线通讯系统的软硬件开发。
Urban traffic has both direct effect on economy of the city and close relationship with the citizens. For the moment, traffic congestion, economic loss and pollution that are resulted from traffic congestion are big problems which governments around the world are faced with. The researchers and engineers in the field of the traffic engineering are focusing on how to regulate and control the traffic flow properly and scientifically. And optimization for urban road traffic networks is an important branch. On the basis of the model of Singh and Tamura, this paper proposes models of several practical systems, including a complex junction and two networks. Hierarchical algorithms and simulation results are also presents in this paper. We can draw a conclusion that queues can be effectively dissipated in a certain degree by using this optimal control.
Air Traffic Management Institute of NPU has being engaged with researches on urban traffic control and ITS for years. And it has achieved lots of productions. A new-type of Traffic Signal Machine named XATM-IV is introduced in this paper and emphasis is put on the hardware and software designs of CAN Bus communication system that is attached to XATM-IV.
引文
[1]郑运平 张东梅 智能交通系统(ITS)建模与控制问题．公路交通科技，1996
[2]陆化普 城市交通现代化管理 人民交通出版社 1998
[3]欧海涛 张文渊 张卫东 许晓鸣 城市交通控制研究的新发展 Vol 29,No.5
[4]王亦兵等 城市高速公路交通控制综述。自动化学报1998，24(4)：484～496
[5]史其信 陆化普 中国ITS发展构想．公路交通科技，1998(9)
[6]王元庆 韩荣良 城市交通的若干观点及西安市城市交通的宏观对策 西安公路交通大学学报 1998．08
[7]尹宏宾 徐建闽 徐亚国 发展智能交通系统的思考 国外公路2000.04 交通基础存在问题
[8]Shepherd, S.P., Review of Congestion Control, Technical Note 264, Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds-UK, 1990.
[9]B. M. Chard, C. J. Lines, TRANSYT—the latest developments, Traffic Engineering and Control, 1987, 4:387-390.
[10]P. B. Hunt, D. I. Robertson and R. D. Bretherson, The Scoot on-line traffic signal optimization technique, Traffic Engineering and Control, 1982, 2:190-192.
[11]Shepherd, S.P., Review of Congestion Control, Technical Note 264, Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds-UK, 1990.
[12]Singh M G and Tamura H. Modeling and hierachial optimization for oversaturated urban road traffic network[J]. Int. J. Control, 1974, 20(6):913-934
[13]Baras J.S., et al, Discrete-time Point Process in Urban Traffic Queue Estimation, IEEE Trans.Ac-24(1979), 12-27.
[14]Kashini H.R., Saradis,G.N., A learning algorithm for Adaption to Traffic's Dynamic Variation,6th IFAC Sym. On Identification and System Parameter Estimation, 1982,719-723.
[15]Menna G., Patracco P., Area Traffic Control:A Decentralized Approach, Proc.European Conf.on Applied Information Technology of IFIP 1979.303-311.
[16]Mavleod C.J., McCartney, Multi-level Control of Road Traffic Networks Using
Micoprocessors, IEE Trends on On-line Computer Control System. 1979． 126-131．
[17] 周鹏 史忠科 陈小锋 城市交通联网控制及其多目标优化实现 控制理论及应用 Vol.19 No.2
[18] Kinzer J P. Application of the theory of probability to problems of highway traffic. B.C.E. thesis, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn(July 1,1933) ; also Proc. Inst. Traffic Eng. , 5(1934) : 118-124
[19] Adams W F. Road traffic considered as a random series. J. Inst. Civil Eng. 4(1936) : 121-130
[20] Greenshield B D. , Shapiro D, Ericksen. E L. Traffic performance at urban street intersections. Tech. Rep. No. 1． Yale Bureau of Highway Traffic, New Haven, Corn(1947)
[21] Reusche L A. Vehicle movents in a platoon. Oesterreichishesing arch., 1950, 4: 193-215
[22] Pipes L A. Proposed dynamic analogy of traffic. J.A.P. Phys. ,1953, 24: 274-282
[23] Chander R E, Herman R E, Montroll E W. Traffic dynamics: Study in car following. Opns.Res.6,1958, 165-184
[24] Herman R E, Montroll E W, Polls R B, et al. Traffic dynamics: analysis of stability in car following. Opns.Res.7,1959, 86-106
[25] Lighthill M H, Whitham G B. On Kinematics Wave: A theoty of traffic on long crowed roads. Proc.R.Soc. London, Ser. A. 1995, 22:317-345
[26] Richards P L.Shock waves on the highway, Opns.Res. 1956, 4(1) :42-51
[27] Cleveland D E, Capelle D G.. Queuing theory approaches: An Introduction to Traffic Flow Theory, Special Report 79, Highway Research Board, Washington D.C. ,1964, 49-98
[28] Pipes L A. An Operational Analysis of Traffic Dynamics. Applied Physics, 1953, 24(3) : 274-281
[29] Gerlough D L, Huber M J. Traffic Flow Theory of steady state flow. Opns. Rs. 1959; 7(4) :499-505
[30] 王明祺 交通流理论的研究进展 力学进展 Vol.25 No.3
[31]冯蔚东 贺国光 刘豹 交通流理论评述 系统工程学报 Vol．13 No．3
[32]朱永明 交通工程学简介 广西交通科技 Vol．22 No．2
[33]王殿海 曲昭伟 对交通流理论的再认识 交通工程学报 Vol．1 No．4
[34]Serge P. Hoogendoorn, Piet H.L. Bovy, State-of-the-art of Vehicular Traffic Flow Modelling, Special Issue on Road Traffic Modelling and Control of the Journal of Systems and Control Engineering.
[35]广晓平 钱勇生 赵鹏 交通流中的回波及其传播特征 兰州铁道学院学报 Vol．20 No．1
[36]Navin F P D. Traffic congestion catastrophes. Transpn. Planning and Tech., 1986; 11; 19～25
[37]Hall F L. An interpretation of speed-flow concentration relationships using catatrophe theory. Transpn. Res., 1987; 21A: 191～201
[38]Dillion D S, Hall F L. Freeway operations and the cusp catatrophe: An empirical anaysis, Transpn. Res. Record 1132, 1988.66～76
[39]荆便顺 道路交通控制工程 人民交通出版社 1995
[40]PrigogineI, HermanR. Kinetic theory of vehicular traffic. New York: American Elservier,1971
[41]杨佩昆 张树生 交通管理与控制 人民交通出版社 2000
[42]M.G.Singh, H.Tamura. Modelling and hierarchical optimization for oversaturated urban road traffic networks. Int.J.Control, 1974, Vol.20, No.6, 913-934
[43]王翼 张朝池 大系统控制—方法和技术 天津大学出版社 1993
[44]J.H.Lim, S.H.Hwang, I.H.Suh, Z.Bien, Hierarchical optimization for oversaturated urban road traffic networks. Int.J.Control, 1981, Vol.33, No.4, 727-737
[45]薛劲松 徐吉万 陈大海 城市交通网络的模型化技术和最优控制 信息与控制 1981 Vol.3
[46]邬宽明 CAN总线原理和应用系统设计[M]．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．1996．
[47]SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN controller. Philips Data Sheet
[48]阳宪惠 现场总线技术及其应用 清华大学出版社 1999
[49]PCA82C250 CAN controller interface. Preliminary Specification
[2]陆化普 城市交通现代化管理 人民交通出版社 1998
[3]欧海涛 张文渊 张卫东 许晓鸣 城市交通控制研究的新发展 Vol 29,No.5
[4]王亦兵等 城市高速公路交通控制综述。自动化学报1998，24(4)：484～496
[5]史其信 陆化普 中国ITS发展构想．公路交通科技，1998(9)
[6]王元庆 韩荣良 城市交通的若干观点及西安市城市交通的宏观对策 西安公路交通大学学报 1998．08
[7]尹宏宾 徐建闽 徐亚国 发展智能交通系统的思考 国外公路2000.04 交通基础存在问题
[8]Shepherd, S.P., Review of Congestion Control, Technical Note 264, Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds-UK, 1990.
[9]B. M. Chard, C. J. Lines, TRANSYT—the latest developments, Traffic Engineering and Control, 1987, 4:387-390.
[10]P. B. Hunt, D. I. Robertson and R. D. Bretherson, The Scoot on-line traffic signal optimization technique, Traffic Engineering and Control, 1982, 2:190-192.
[11]Shepherd, S.P., Review of Congestion Control, Technical Note 264, Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds-UK, 1990.
[12]Singh M G and Tamura H. Modeling and hierachial optimization for oversaturated urban road traffic network[J]. Int. J. Control, 1974, 20(6):913-934
[13]Baras J.S., et al, Discrete-time Point Process in Urban Traffic Queue Estimation, IEEE Trans.Ac-24(1979), 12-27.
[14]Kashini H.R., Saradis,G.N., A learning algorithm for Adaption to Traffic's Dynamic Variation,6th IFAC Sym. On Identification and System Parameter Estimation, 1982,719-723.
[15]Menna G., Patracco P., Area Traffic Control:A Decentralized Approach, Proc.European Conf.on Applied Information Technology of IFIP 1979.303-311.
[16]Mavleod C.J., McCartney, Multi-level Control of Road Traffic Networks Using
Micoprocessors, IEE Trends on On-line Computer Control System. 1979． 126-131．
[17] 周鹏 史忠科 陈小锋 城市交通联网控制及其多目标优化实现 控制理论及应用 Vol.19 No.2
[18] Kinzer J P. Application of the theory of probability to problems of highway traffic. B.C.E. thesis, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn(July 1,1933) ; also Proc. Inst. Traffic Eng. , 5(1934) : 118-124
[19] Adams W F. Road traffic considered as a random series. J. Inst. Civil Eng. 4(1936) : 121-130
[20] Greenshield B D. , Shapiro D, Ericksen. E L. Traffic performance at urban street intersections. Tech. Rep. No. 1． Yale Bureau of Highway Traffic, New Haven, Corn(1947)
[21] Reusche L A. Vehicle movents in a platoon. Oesterreichishesing arch., 1950, 4: 193-215
[22] Pipes L A. Proposed dynamic analogy of traffic. J.A.P. Phys. ,1953, 24: 274-282
[23] Chander R E, Herman R E, Montroll E W. Traffic dynamics: Study in car following. Opns.Res.6,1958, 165-184
[24] Herman R E, Montroll E W, Polls R B, et al. Traffic dynamics: analysis of stability in car following. Opns.Res.7,1959, 86-106
[25] Lighthill M H, Whitham G B. On Kinematics Wave: A theoty of traffic on long crowed roads. Proc.R.Soc. London, Ser. A. 1995, 22:317-345
[26] Richards P L.Shock waves on the highway, Opns.Res. 1956, 4(1) :42-51
[27] Cleveland D E, Capelle D G.. Queuing theory approaches: An Introduction to Traffic Flow Theory, Special Report 79, Highway Research Board, Washington D.C. ,1964, 49-98
[28] Pipes L A. An Operational Analysis of Traffic Dynamics. Applied Physics, 1953, 24(3) : 274-281
[29] Gerlough D L, Huber M J. Traffic Flow Theory of steady state flow. Opns. Rs. 1959; 7(4) :499-505
[30] 王明祺 交通流理论的研究进展 力学进展 Vol.25 No.3
[31]冯蔚东 贺国光 刘豹 交通流理论评述 系统工程学报 Vol．13 No．3
[32]朱永明 交通工程学简介 广西交通科技 Vol．22 No．2
[33]王殿海 曲昭伟 对交通流理论的再认识 交通工程学报 Vol．1 No．4
[34]Serge P. Hoogendoorn, Piet H.L. Bovy, State-of-the-art of Vehicular Traffic Flow Modelling, Special Issue on Road Traffic Modelling and Control of the Journal of Systems and Control Engineering.
[35]广晓平 钱勇生 赵鹏 交通流中的回波及其传播特征 兰州铁道学院学报 Vol．20 No．1
[36]Navin F P D. Traffic congestion catastrophes. Transpn. Planning and Tech., 1986; 11; 19～25
[37]Hall F L. An interpretation of speed-flow concentration relationships using catatrophe theory. Transpn. Res., 1987; 21A: 191～201
[38]Dillion D S, Hall F L. Freeway operations and the cusp catatrophe: An empirical anaysis, Transpn. Res. Record 1132, 1988.66～76
[39]荆便顺 道路交通控制工程 人民交通出版社 1995
[40]PrigogineI, HermanR. Kinetic theory of vehicular traffic. New York: American Elservier,1971
[41]杨佩昆 张树生 交通管理与控制 人民交通出版社 2000
[42]M.G.Singh, H.Tamura. Modelling and hierarchical optimization for oversaturated urban road traffic networks. Int.J.Control, 1974, Vol.20, No.6, 913-934
[43]王翼 张朝池 大系统控制—方法和技术 天津大学出版社 1993
[44]J.H.Lim, S.H.Hwang, I.H.Suh, Z.Bien, Hierarchical optimization for oversaturated urban road traffic networks. Int.J.Control, 1981, Vol.33, No.4, 727-737
[45]薛劲松 徐吉万 陈大海 城市交通网络的模型化技术和最优控制 信息与控制 1981 Vol.3
[46]邬宽明 CAN总线原理和应用系统设计[M]．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．1996．
[47]SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN controller. Philips Data Sheet
[48]阳宪惠 现场总线技术及其应用 清华大学出版社 1999
[49]PCA82C250 CAN controller interface. Preliminary Specification
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