梁板式基础转换结构的预应力检测技术分析
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摘要
本文以梁板式基础转换结构为分析对象，论述了预应力工程检测的作用和意
义，围绕预应力作用及结构应力和变形响应的施工期检测技术展开了研究。
论文中重点探讨了预应力力值计量、钢筋和混凝土内部应力以及预应力反拱
位移的测试方法与技术。对预应力传感器和振弦式钢筋计的工作原理和研制关键
技术作了充分讨论。从理论上分析了内埋式应变计与混凝土的变形协调关系。运
用三种测试方法确保了反拱位移的成功量测，特别是在现代光测力学数字散斑相
关原理分析的基础上，首次将该远距离光学计量技术应用于结构工程现场测试，
为众多工程中的位移(变形)测量提供了一种高技术含量的新技术。
对某重点工程梁板式基础结构进行施工检测，作者所研究的综合试验方法在
预应力结构分析中起到了全面的揭示和评估作用。
In the thesis, it is discussed the effect of pre-stressed measurement. Based on the beam-slab transfer cadre, much application technological has done on the detection of pre-stressed force and the response test of structural stress and deformation.
Many methods and skills have been probed into the survey of pre-stressed force value, reinforcement stress, concrete strain and inverted camber in the paper. The operating principle and the key manufacture technique of pre-stressed sensors and vibrating string extensometer have been approached. The compatible state of deformation between buried strain gauge and concrete is analyzed theoretically. Three testing skills have been used to detect the inverted camber successfully, Especially the distant optical measurement applied to the constructional engineering field testing innovatively, which bases upon the principle of digital speckle correlation, and it is a high and new technology for measuring constructional displacement.
The experimental methods studied in the essay have played a great role in disclosure and evaluation for constructional measuring in the major project mentioned above.
义，围绕预应力作用及结构应力和变形响应的施工期检测技术展开了研究。
论文中重点探讨了预应力力值计量、钢筋和混凝土内部应力以及预应力反拱
位移的测试方法与技术。对预应力传感器和振弦式钢筋计的工作原理和研制关键
技术作了充分讨论。从理论上分析了内埋式应变计与混凝土的变形协调关系。运
用三种测试方法确保了反拱位移的成功量测，特别是在现代光测力学数字散斑相
关原理分析的基础上，首次将该远距离光学计量技术应用于结构工程现场测试，
为众多工程中的位移(变形)测量提供了一种高技术含量的新技术。
对某重点工程梁板式基础结构进行施工检测，作者所研究的综合试验方法在
预应力结构分析中起到了全面的揭示和评估作用。
In the thesis, it is discussed the effect of pre-stressed measurement. Based on the beam-slab transfer cadre, much application technological has done on the detection of pre-stressed force and the response test of structural stress and deformation.
Many methods and skills have been probed into the survey of pre-stressed force value, reinforcement stress, concrete strain and inverted camber in the paper. The operating principle and the key manufacture technique of pre-stressed sensors and vibrating string extensometer have been approached. The compatible state of deformation between buried strain gauge and concrete is analyzed theoretically. Three testing skills have been used to detect the inverted camber successfully, Especially the distant optical measurement applied to the constructional engineering field testing innovatively, which bases upon the principle of digital speckle correlation, and it is a high and new technology for measuring constructional displacement.
The experimental methods studied in the essay have played a great role in disclosure and evaluation for constructional measuring in the major project mentioned above.
引文
[1] Nilson A H, Winter G. Design of Concrete Structures (Eleventh Edition). McGraw-Hill, Inc, New York, 1991
[2] Lin T Y, and Bums N H. Design of Prestressed Concrete Structures, Third Edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1981
[3] 杜拱辰．现代预应力混凝土结构．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1988
[4] 陈惠玲．高效现代预应力混凝土结构设计施工实例应用手册．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998
[5] 刘文．江苏省会议中心预应力梁式转换层设计研究．建筑结构学报，1998，19(6)：65-71
[6] 杨嗣信．中央电视发射塔的施工．土木工程学报，1991，24(4)：1-7
[7] 王连文．大亚湾核电站反应堆安全壳预应力技术．工业建筑，2000，30(8)：73-74，78
[8] FIP Recommendations. Practical Design of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures. Thomas Telford Limited, London, 1984
[9] Roller, John J. Long-term performance of prestressed pretensioned high strength concrete bridge girders. PCI Journal, 1995, 40(6): 48-59
[10] Russell, Bruce W. Measurement of transfer lengths on pretensioned concrete elements. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1997, 123(5): 541-549
[11] Tabsh S W. Structural Safety of Post-tensioned Concrete Slab Bridges With UnbondedTendons. ACI Structural Joumal, 1995, 92(4): 488-494
[12] Wollmann, Gregor P. Fretting fatigue in post-tensioned concrete. ACI Structure Journal, 1996, 93(2): 172-179
[13] Nikolic zeljena. Non-linear finite element analysis of post-tensioned concrete structures. Engineering Computations (Swansea, Wales), 1997, 14(5): 509-528
[14] 张元海，刘世忠．后张法预应力混凝土梁钢束预应力损失研究．中国公路学报，2002，15(2)：76-78
[15] 王宝兴．全预应力钢筋混凝土多层工业厂房的应用．工程建设与设计，2000，
(2): 11-12
[16] Peterman, Robert J. Behavior and strength of bridges with full-span prestressed concrete form panel. PCI Journal, 1998, 43(2): 80-91
[17] 王军文，梁志广等．部分预应力混凝土梁的应力和变形．工程力学，2002，19(5)：108-113
[18] Mohan Rao, S V Krishna. Evalution of short-term defection of partially prestressed concrete members. ACI Structure Journal, 1992, 89(1): 71-78
[19] Taerwe, Luck. Simplified analysis of stress redistribution in partially prestressed concrete section. ACI Structure Journal, 1990, 87(1): 93-98
[20] 车惠民．部分预应力混凝土．成都：西南交通大学出版社，1992
[21] 张元海．双筋部分预应力B类构件开裂截面的应力计算．兰州铁道学院学报，1995，14(1)：40-45
[22] 李晨光，李晓光，鲁昂．体外预应力的材料及体系(编译)．建筑技术开发，2001，28(5)：48-52，57
[23] Pandey M D. Reliability-based assessment of integrity of bonded prestressed concrete containment structures. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 1997, 176(3): 247-260
[24] 房贞政．无粘结部分预应力结构．北京：人民交通出版社，1999
[25] Harajli M H. Service load behavior concrete members prestressed unbonded tendons. Journal ofStmcture Engineering, 1992, 118(9): 2569-2589
[26] 张玉明．无粘结预应力技术在广州国际大厦中的应用．建筑技术开发，1990，(6)：11-14
[27] 徐焱，翟新民．金山大厦无粘结预应力结构平板设计．建筑技术开发，1994，21(3)：21-25
[28] 李惠民，魏辉．张拉控制应力过高或过低对混凝土预制构件结构性能的影响．混凝土，1999，(6)：49-50
[29] 张如一，沈观林．应变电测与传感器．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[30] 陶学康．后张预应力混凝土设计手册．北京：中国建筑出版社，1996
[31] 王梓坤主编．常用数学公式大全．重庆：重庆出版社，1991
[32] 赵廷超，黄尚廉．光线传感器用于混凝土结构状态检测的研究．传感器技术学报，1997，9(3)：11-14
[33] 谢贻权，林钟祥，丁皓江．弹性力学．杭州：浙江大学出版社，1988
[34] 刘鸿文．材料力学(第三版)．北京：高等教育出版社，1997
[35] 金观昌．计算机辅助光学测量[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
[36] 姜锦虎，沈永昭等．部分相干光离焦散斑照相法研究．光学学报，1990，10(5)：440-445
[37] 郑光昭．电子散斑干涉术．广东工业大学学报，2002，19(3)：11-13，24
[38] Wang W C. Nondestructure evaluation of composite materials by ESPI. Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, 1998, 10(1): 1-15
[39] 于光，于俊华等．数字散斑相关干涉术及应用．激光技术，2002，26(3)：237-240
[40] Asmad M. Calibration of a Iow-cost piezoelectrical mirror for DSPI. Optics and Lasers inEngineering, 2003, 40(1): 25-31
[41] Rajesh Kumar, Shashi Kumar Singh. Waveletfiltering applied to time-average digital speckle pattern interferometry fringes. Optics & Lasers Technology, 33(2001) 567-571
[42] Yamaguchi I. A Laser-Speckle Strain Gange. Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, 1981, 14:1270-1273
[43] Peter W H, Ranson W F. Digital imaging technique in expetimental stress analysis. Opt. Eng. 1982, 21(3): 427-431
[44] Lyons J S. Hightemperature Deformation Measurement Using Digital-image Corralation. Experimental Mechanics. 1996, (3): 64-70
[45] 刘宝琛，李勇．韧性金属裂缝尖端损失区内应力场测量．实验力学，1993，8(1)：6-11
[46] 郭勇，王振林等．塑料包装材料力学与热学特性测量的数字散斑新方法．包装工程，2002，23(5)：154-156
[47] Masaaki Kawahashi, Hiroyuki Hirahara. Velocity and density field measurements by digital speckle method. Optics & Lasers Technology, 32
(2000)575-582
[48]张东升，张小虎．用数字散斑相关法研究聚氨酯泡沫塑料的压缩力学性能．应用力学学报，1997，14(3)：90-94
[49]洪宝宁，徐铸．数字散斑相关方法数学模型及研究．南京建筑工程学院学报，1996，(1)：1-4
[50]高建新，周辛庚．变形测量中的数字散斑相关搜索法．实验力学，1991，6(4)：333-339
[2] Lin T Y, and Bums N H. Design of Prestressed Concrete Structures, Third Edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1981
[3] 杜拱辰．现代预应力混凝土结构．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1988
[4] 陈惠玲．高效现代预应力混凝土结构设计施工实例应用手册．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998
[5] 刘文．江苏省会议中心预应力梁式转换层设计研究．建筑结构学报，1998，19(6)：65-71
[6] 杨嗣信．中央电视发射塔的施工．土木工程学报，1991，24(4)：1-7
[7] 王连文．大亚湾核电站反应堆安全壳预应力技术．工业建筑，2000，30(8)：73-74，78
[8] FIP Recommendations. Practical Design of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures. Thomas Telford Limited, London, 1984
[9] Roller, John J. Long-term performance of prestressed pretensioned high strength concrete bridge girders. PCI Journal, 1995, 40(6): 48-59
[10] Russell, Bruce W. Measurement of transfer lengths on pretensioned concrete elements. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1997, 123(5): 541-549
[11] Tabsh S W. Structural Safety of Post-tensioned Concrete Slab Bridges With UnbondedTendons. ACI Structural Joumal, 1995, 92(4): 488-494
[12] Wollmann, Gregor P. Fretting fatigue in post-tensioned concrete. ACI Structure Journal, 1996, 93(2): 172-179
[13] Nikolic zeljena. Non-linear finite element analysis of post-tensioned concrete structures. Engineering Computations (Swansea, Wales), 1997, 14(5): 509-528
[14] 张元海，刘世忠．后张法预应力混凝土梁钢束预应力损失研究．中国公路学报，2002，15(2)：76-78
[15] 王宝兴．全预应力钢筋混凝土多层工业厂房的应用．工程建设与设计，2000，
(2): 11-12
[16] Peterman, Robert J. Behavior and strength of bridges with full-span prestressed concrete form panel. PCI Journal, 1998, 43(2): 80-91
[17] 王军文，梁志广等．部分预应力混凝土梁的应力和变形．工程力学，2002，19(5)：108-113
[18] Mohan Rao, S V Krishna. Evalution of short-term defection of partially prestressed concrete members. ACI Structure Journal, 1992, 89(1): 71-78
[19] Taerwe, Luck. Simplified analysis of stress redistribution in partially prestressed concrete section. ACI Structure Journal, 1990, 87(1): 93-98
[20] 车惠民．部分预应力混凝土．成都：西南交通大学出版社，1992
[21] 张元海．双筋部分预应力B类构件开裂截面的应力计算．兰州铁道学院学报，1995，14(1)：40-45
[22] 李晨光，李晓光，鲁昂．体外预应力的材料及体系(编译)．建筑技术开发，2001，28(5)：48-52，57
[23] Pandey M D. Reliability-based assessment of integrity of bonded prestressed concrete containment structures. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 1997, 176(3): 247-260
[24] 房贞政．无粘结部分预应力结构．北京：人民交通出版社，1999
[25] Harajli M H. Service load behavior concrete members prestressed unbonded tendons. Journal ofStmcture Engineering, 1992, 118(9): 2569-2589
[26] 张玉明．无粘结预应力技术在广州国际大厦中的应用．建筑技术开发，1990，(6)：11-14
[27] 徐焱，翟新民．金山大厦无粘结预应力结构平板设计．建筑技术开发，1994，21(3)：21-25
[28] 李惠民，魏辉．张拉控制应力过高或过低对混凝土预制构件结构性能的影响．混凝土，1999，(6)：49-50
[29] 张如一，沈观林．应变电测与传感器．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[30] 陶学康．后张预应力混凝土设计手册．北京：中国建筑出版社，1996
[31] 王梓坤主编．常用数学公式大全．重庆：重庆出版社，1991
[32] 赵廷超，黄尚廉．光线传感器用于混凝土结构状态检测的研究．传感器技术学报，1997，9(3)：11-14
[33] 谢贻权，林钟祥，丁皓江．弹性力学．杭州：浙江大学出版社，1988
[34] 刘鸿文．材料力学(第三版)．北京：高等教育出版社，1997
[35] 金观昌．计算机辅助光学测量[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
[36] 姜锦虎，沈永昭等．部分相干光离焦散斑照相法研究．光学学报，1990，10(5)：440-445
[37] 郑光昭．电子散斑干涉术．广东工业大学学报，2002，19(3)：11-13，24
[38] Wang W C. Nondestructure evaluation of composite materials by ESPI. Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, 1998, 10(1): 1-15
[39] 于光，于俊华等．数字散斑相关干涉术及应用．激光技术，2002，26(3)：237-240
[40] Asmad M. Calibration of a Iow-cost piezoelectrical mirror for DSPI. Optics and Lasers inEngineering, 2003, 40(1): 25-31
[41] Rajesh Kumar, Shashi Kumar Singh. Waveletfiltering applied to time-average digital speckle pattern interferometry fringes. Optics & Lasers Technology, 33(2001) 567-571
[42] Yamaguchi I. A Laser-Speckle Strain Gange. Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, 1981, 14:1270-1273
[43] Peter W H, Ranson W F. Digital imaging technique in expetimental stress analysis. Opt. Eng. 1982, 21(3): 427-431
[44] Lyons J S. Hightemperature Deformation Measurement Using Digital-image Corralation. Experimental Mechanics. 1996, (3): 64-70
[45] 刘宝琛，李勇．韧性金属裂缝尖端损失区内应力场测量．实验力学，1993，8(1)：6-11
[46] 郭勇，王振林等．塑料包装材料力学与热学特性测量的数字散斑新方法．包装工程，2002，23(5)：154-156
[47] Masaaki Kawahashi, Hiroyuki Hirahara. Velocity and density field measurements by digital speckle method. Optics & Lasers Technology, 32
(2000)575-582
[48]张东升，张小虎．用数字散斑相关法研究聚氨酯泡沫塑料的压缩力学性能．应用力学学报，1997，14(3)：90-94
[49]洪宝宁，徐铸．数字散斑相关方法数学模型及研究．南京建筑工程学院学报，1996，(1)：1-4
[50]高建新，周辛庚．变形测量中的数字散斑相关搜索法．实验力学，1991，6(4)：333-339
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