辽河盆地齐—曙地区沙四段层序地层与砂体分布研究
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摘要
层序地层学是寻找隐蔽油气藏的有效的技术方法之一，提高地层对比精度将会增强隐蔽油气藏预测的可靠性。本文以T.A.Cross成因地层研究小组提出的以地层基准面旋回原理为理论基础进行成因地层分析和储层预测的高分辨率层序地层学为指导，利用钻井、地震、岩心等多种分析资料，对辽河盆地西斜坡中部齐—曙地区沙四段地层进行了层序地层综合研究，建立了研究区高分辨率等时地层格架，在等时格架内对本区沙四段进行了沉积体系特征及其展布规律的研究，在综合分析成藏要素的基础上对沙四段有利目标区进行了预测。
研究区沙四地层与上覆的沙三段为连续沉积，形成一个完整的长期旋回，而沙四为长期旋回的上升期；沙四与下覆房身泡组为不整合接触。沙四段处于盆地进入拉张裂陷初期，基底下沉，湖盆扩张。可以识别、划分出1个中期基准面旋回。在等时地层格架内，总结了各个中期旋回的沉积相类型、沉积体系和展布规律及范围，认为研究区在该时期以辫状三角洲—湖底扇沉积为主；构成辫状三角洲的粗碎屑相为水下分支河道；构成湖底扇的粗碎屑相包括：浊流水道相、层状浊积岩相。分析了古地貌对沉积体系类型、沉积相特征和砂体分布的控制作用，总结了砂体的分布规律。
综合成藏要素进一步研究，认为水下分支河道、辫状三角洲前缘席状砂和小型层状浊积砂体是比较有利的储集体。结合其分布规律，指出了研究区隐蔽油气藏的有利区带和目标区，同时对重点地区进行了储层物性平面变化预测，为隐蔽油气藏的勘探提供了科学依据。
Sequence stratigraphy can contribute directly to the exploration of subtle traps. It is effective to increase the precision of stratigraphic correlation, therefor to enhance the reliability of subtle traps prediction, stratigraphic correlation approaches using in this paper based on principle of stratigraphic base-level cycles developed by T. A. Cross, which are well tested in shallow marine and coastal plain strata. Utilizing core, drilling, logging, seismic data and other information, the paper focus on recognizing the stratigraphic cycles formed by multi-order base-level cycles, establishing the stratigraphic correlation framework, researching on the distribution of reservoir and the prediction of the prospecting targets of the Fourth Section of Shahejie Formation in Qi-Shu area, Liaohe basin.
The long-term base-level cycle comprises the Third and the Fourth Section of Shahejie Formation, which are successive,and the Fourth Section is rising term of the long-term base-level cycle; the underside of the Fourth Section of Shahejie Formation is the Fangshenpao Formation, and their interface is a unconformity . The Fourth Section in the stage of basin depression is divided into one intermediate-term base-level cycles. In the chronstratigraphic framework, the facies, the depositional system and the principle and range of reservoirs distribution are studied. The main depositional system is braided delta梥ub-lake fan. The coarse lithofacies which form braided delta depositional system is sub-water channel deposits; The coarse lithofacies which form the sub-lake fan depositional system include turbidity channel deposits and bedded turbidity deposits. The paleotopography is the main factor controlling the types, characters and distribution of the depositional system.
Considering all factors in trap-forming, the most prospective reservoirs are the sub-water channel sandstones, the front sheet sandstones of braided delta and bedded turbidity sandstones. The petroleum exploration targets are identified further.
研究区沙四地层与上覆的沙三段为连续沉积，形成一个完整的长期旋回，而沙四为长期旋回的上升期；沙四与下覆房身泡组为不整合接触。沙四段处于盆地进入拉张裂陷初期，基底下沉，湖盆扩张。可以识别、划分出1个中期基准面旋回。在等时地层格架内，总结了各个中期旋回的沉积相类型、沉积体系和展布规律及范围，认为研究区在该时期以辫状三角洲—湖底扇沉积为主；构成辫状三角洲的粗碎屑相为水下分支河道；构成湖底扇的粗碎屑相包括：浊流水道相、层状浊积岩相。分析了古地貌对沉积体系类型、沉积相特征和砂体分布的控制作用，总结了砂体的分布规律。
综合成藏要素进一步研究，认为水下分支河道、辫状三角洲前缘席状砂和小型层状浊积砂体是比较有利的储集体。结合其分布规律，指出了研究区隐蔽油气藏的有利区带和目标区，同时对重点地区进行了储层物性平面变化预测，为隐蔽油气藏的勘探提供了科学依据。
Sequence stratigraphy can contribute directly to the exploration of subtle traps. It is effective to increase the precision of stratigraphic correlation, therefor to enhance the reliability of subtle traps prediction, stratigraphic correlation approaches using in this paper based on principle of stratigraphic base-level cycles developed by T. A. Cross, which are well tested in shallow marine and coastal plain strata. Utilizing core, drilling, logging, seismic data and other information, the paper focus on recognizing the stratigraphic cycles formed by multi-order base-level cycles, establishing the stratigraphic correlation framework, researching on the distribution of reservoir and the prediction of the prospecting targets of the Fourth Section of Shahejie Formation in Qi-Shu area, Liaohe basin.
The long-term base-level cycle comprises the Third and the Fourth Section of Shahejie Formation, which are successive,and the Fourth Section is rising term of the long-term base-level cycle; the underside of the Fourth Section of Shahejie Formation is the Fangshenpao Formation, and their interface is a unconformity . The Fourth Section in the stage of basin depression is divided into one intermediate-term base-level cycles. In the chronstratigraphic framework, the facies, the depositional system and the principle and range of reservoirs distribution are studied. The main depositional system is braided delta梥ub-lake fan. The coarse lithofacies which form braided delta depositional system is sub-water channel deposits; The coarse lithofacies which form the sub-lake fan depositional system include turbidity channel deposits and bedded turbidity deposits. The paleotopography is the main factor controlling the types, characters and distribution of the depositional system.
Considering all factors in trap-forming, the most prospective reservoirs are the sub-water channel sandstones, the front sheet sandstones of braided delta and bedded turbidity sandstones. The petroleum exploration targets are identified further.
引文
1、邓宏文，美国层序地层研究中的新学派—高分辨率层序地层学。石油与天然气地质，1995，16(2)
2、邓宏文、王红亮、李熙哲，层序地层地层基准面的识别、对比技术及应用。石油与天然气地质 1996，17(3)
3. T. A. Cross, Sediment gravity flow in the context of rheology and energy. AAPG (poster), 1999
4、李应暹等，辽河盆地下第三系区域储层评价研究(内部报告)。1994
5、孟卫工、祝永军等，；辽河盆地深层石油地质与目标评价(内部报告) 2000年
6、辽河油田石油地质志编写组，中国石油地质志，卷3，1993
7、中国石油学会石油地质委员会编，碎屑岩沉积相研究，1988．7
8、冯增昭主编，沉积岩石学，1993．4
9、裘怿楠、薛叔浩、应凤祥，中国陆相油气储集层，1997．9
10、纪友亮、张世奇等，层序地层学原理及层序成因机制模式。地质出版社，1998．2
11、宏文、王红亮、宁宁，沉积物体积分配原理——高分辨率层序地层学的理论基础。地学前缘，2000，7(4)
12、邓宏文、王红亮、翟爱军、徐长贵，中国陆源碎屑盆地层序地层与储层展布。石油与天然气地质，1999，20(2)
13、张世奇、纪友亮，陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学模式探讨。石油勘探与开发，1996，23(5)
14、顾家裕，陆相湖盆层序地层学模式。石油勘探与开发。1995。22(4)
15、徐怀大，陆相层序地层研究中的某些问题。石油与天然气地质，1997
16、马玉龙、牛仲仁，辽河油区勘探与开发(勘探分册)。石油工业出版社，1997
2、邓宏文、王红亮、李熙哲，层序地层地层基准面的识别、对比技术及应用。石油与天然气地质 1996，17(3)
3. T. A. Cross, Sediment gravity flow in the context of rheology and energy. AAPG (poster), 1999
4、李应暹等，辽河盆地下第三系区域储层评价研究(内部报告)。1994
5、孟卫工、祝永军等，；辽河盆地深层石油地质与目标评价(内部报告) 2000年
6、辽河油田石油地质志编写组，中国石油地质志，卷3，1993
7、中国石油学会石油地质委员会编，碎屑岩沉积相研究，1988．7
8、冯增昭主编，沉积岩石学，1993．4
9、裘怿楠、薛叔浩、应凤祥，中国陆相油气储集层，1997．9
10、纪友亮、张世奇等，层序地层学原理及层序成因机制模式。地质出版社，1998．2
11、宏文、王红亮、宁宁，沉积物体积分配原理——高分辨率层序地层学的理论基础。地学前缘，2000，7(4)
12、邓宏文、王红亮、翟爱军、徐长贵，中国陆源碎屑盆地层序地层与储层展布。石油与天然气地质，1999，20(2)
13、张世奇、纪友亮，陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学模式探讨。石油勘探与开发，1996，23(5)
14、顾家裕，陆相湖盆层序地层学模式。石油勘探与开发。1995。22(4)
15、徐怀大，陆相层序地层研究中的某些问题。石油与天然气地质，1997
16、马玉龙、牛仲仁，辽河油区勘探与开发(勘探分册)。石油工业出版社，1997
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