奶牛MHC多态性及其与牛乳中体细胞数关系的研究
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摘要
主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)是由紧密连锁的高度多态的基因位点所组成的染色体上的一个遗传区域，它在脊椎动物机体的免疫系统中发挥着非常重要的作用。本研究采用PCR-RFLP方法对牛乳中体细胞数各不相同的北京荷斯坦母牛MHC Ⅱ类基因座位DRB3进行了分子遗传学检测，克隆了其第二个外显子的全长核苷酸序列，并将北京荷斯坦牛BoLA-DRB3基因核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列与蒙古牛、人类HLA-DRB3、瑞典红白花牛、蒙古绵羊、西班牙山羊DRB3基因核苷酸序列以及氨基酸序列进行了同源性比较。得到以下结果：
1．北京荷斯坦牛DRB3基因第二外显子的第150，154，173，182和202位的碱基存在多态性，其中BstYⅠ和HaeⅢ酶切位点分别由2(A、B)和5(A、B、C、D、F)种等位基因控制，基因频率分别为：0.20，0.80；0.6570，0.0990，0.0290，0.1739，0.0411。综合两种酶切结果，共检测到北京荷斯坦牛DRB3基因的7种等位基因。x~2适合性检验表明，北京荷斯坦牛DRB3基因的BstY Ⅰ酶切位点已经达到了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P＞0.05)，Hae Ⅲ酶切位点未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P＜0.01)。
2．利用最小二乘法拟合线性模型对不同标记基因型间体细胞数差异显著性检验结果表明：Hae Ⅲ酶切基因型AD所对应的体细胞数评分最小二乘平均值最低，基
扬州大学硕士学位论文
因型AC所对应的最小二乘平均值最高，但它们之间的差异不显著;AD基因型所
对应的体细胞数评分最小二乘平均值显著低于AA基因型所对应的体细胞数评分
最小二乘平均值(P<0.05);体细胞评分最小二乘平均值在Haelll其余基因型之间
没有显著差异。Hae mAA基因型与高的体细胞数评分显著相关。BstYI酶切基因
型AA所对应的体细胞数评分最小二乘平均值最低，基因型BB所对应的体细胞数
评分最小二乘平均值最高:并且AA基因型所对应的体细胞数评分最小二乘平均
值显著低于AB、BB基因型所对应的体细胞数评分最小二乘平均值(P<0.01);体
细胞数评分最小二乘平均值在BstYI其余基因型之间没有显著差异。BstYI酶切
基因型BB与高的体细胞数评分显著相关。
3.北京荷斯坦牛DRB3基因核昔酸序列以及氨基酸序列与蒙古牛、人类
HLA·DRB3、瑞典红白花牛、蒙古绵羊、西班牙山羊之间的DRB3基因核昔酸序
列同源性以及氨基酸序列同源性均比较高。
MHC is a chromosomal region consisting of a group of closely linked loci which are highly polymorphic, and plays a central role in the immune system. The molecular genetic polymorphisms were investigated for MHC-DRB3 locus in Beijing Holstein cow by PCR-RFLP. Furthermore, the second exon of DRB3 was cloned and sequenced after amplication. Homologies of the nucleotide sequence and amonia acid sequence of the fragment were compared among Mongolian cattle, Human Swedish Red and White cattle Mongolian Sheep and Spanish goat.Following were the results.
1. By digesting the PCR product with BstY I and Hae III, there were five polymorphic sites at position 150, 154,173, 182, and 202 in the second exon of Beijing Holstein cow DRB3 gene. 2 alleles and 5 alleles were found respectively, gene frequency was 0.20, 0.80; 0.6570, 0.0990, 0.0290, 0.1739, 0.0411. Statistical results showed that polymorphic locus for BstY I of Beijing Holstein cow DRB3 locus fitted with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05), polymorphic locus for Hae III of Beijing Holstein cow DRB3 locus didn't fit with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.01).
2. Least squares mean of Somatic Cell Score for Hae III AC genotype was the highest, and Least squares mean of Somatic Cell Score for Hae III AD genotype was the
lowest; Least squares mean of Somatic Cell Score for Hae III AD genotype was significantly lower than those for Hae III AA genotype (P<0.05) in cow populations; There were no significant correlations among other genotypes in cow populations.Least squares mean of Somatic Cell Score(SCS) for BstY I BB genotype is the highest, and Least squares mean of Somatic Cell Score for BstY I AA genotype is the lowest. Least squares mean of Somatic Cell Score for BstY I AA genotype was significantly lower than those for BstY I AB BB genotype (P<0.01) in cow populations. There were no significant correlations among other genotypes in cow populations.
3. Comparative analysis showed that the homologies of the nucleotide sequence and amonia acid sequence of DRB3 gene between Beijing Holstein cow and Mongolian, Human, Swedish Red and White breed, Mongolian Sheep and Spanish goat are high.
1．北京荷斯坦牛DRB3基因第二外显子的第150，154，173，182和202位的碱基存在多态性，其中BstYⅠ和HaeⅢ酶切位点分别由2(A、B)和5(A、B、C、D、F)种等位基因控制，基因频率分别为：0.20，0.80；0.6570，0.0990，0.0290，0.1739，0.0411。综合两种酶切结果，共检测到北京荷斯坦牛DRB3基因的7种等位基因。x~2适合性检验表明，北京荷斯坦牛DRB3基因的BstY Ⅰ酶切位点已经达到了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P＞0.05)，Hae Ⅲ酶切位点未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P＜0.01)。
2．利用最小二乘法拟合线性模型对不同标记基因型间体细胞数差异显著性检验结果表明：Hae Ⅲ酶切基因型AD所对应的体细胞数评分最小二乘平均值最低，基
扬州大学硕士学位论文
因型AC所对应的最小二乘平均值最高，但它们之间的差异不显著;AD基因型所
对应的体细胞数评分最小二乘平均值显著低于AA基因型所对应的体细胞数评分
最小二乘平均值(P<0.05);体细胞评分最小二乘平均值在Haelll其余基因型之间
没有显著差异。Hae mAA基因型与高的体细胞数评分显著相关。BstYI酶切基因
型AA所对应的体细胞数评分最小二乘平均值最低，基因型BB所对应的体细胞数
评分最小二乘平均值最高:并且AA基因型所对应的体细胞数评分最小二乘平均
值显著低于AB、BB基因型所对应的体细胞数评分最小二乘平均值(P<0.01);体
细胞数评分最小二乘平均值在BstYI其余基因型之间没有显著差异。BstYI酶切
基因型BB与高的体细胞数评分显著相关。
3.北京荷斯坦牛DRB3基因核昔酸序列以及氨基酸序列与蒙古牛、人类
HLA·DRB3、瑞典红白花牛、蒙古绵羊、西班牙山羊之间的DRB3基因核昔酸序
列同源性以及氨基酸序列同源性均比较高。
MHC is a chromosomal region consisting of a group of closely linked loci which are highly polymorphic, and plays a central role in the immune system. The molecular genetic polymorphisms were investigated for MHC-DRB3 locus in Beijing Holstein cow by PCR-RFLP. Furthermore, the second exon of DRB3 was cloned and sequenced after amplication. Homologies of the nucleotide sequence and amonia acid sequence of the fragment were compared among Mongolian cattle, Human Swedish Red and White cattle Mongolian Sheep and Spanish goat.Following were the results.
1. By digesting the PCR product with BstY I and Hae III, there were five polymorphic sites at position 150, 154,173, 182, and 202 in the second exon of Beijing Holstein cow DRB3 gene. 2 alleles and 5 alleles were found respectively, gene frequency was 0.20, 0.80; 0.6570, 0.0990, 0.0290, 0.1739, 0.0411. Statistical results showed that polymorphic locus for BstY I of Beijing Holstein cow DRB3 locus fitted with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05), polymorphic locus for Hae III of Beijing Holstein cow DRB3 locus didn't fit with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.01).
2. Least squares mean of Somatic Cell Score for Hae III AC genotype was the highest, and Least squares mean of Somatic Cell Score for Hae III AD genotype was the
lowest; Least squares mean of Somatic Cell Score for Hae III AD genotype was significantly lower than those for Hae III AA genotype (P<0.05) in cow populations; There were no significant correlations among other genotypes in cow populations.Least squares mean of Somatic Cell Score(SCS) for BstY I BB genotype is the highest, and Least squares mean of Somatic Cell Score for BstY I AA genotype is the lowest. Least squares mean of Somatic Cell Score for BstY I AA genotype was significantly lower than those for BstY I AB BB genotype (P<0.01) in cow populations. There were no significant correlations among other genotypes in cow populations.
3. Comparative analysis showed that the homologies of the nucleotide sequence and amonia acid sequence of DRB3 gene between Beijing Holstein cow and Mongolian, Human, Swedish Red and White breed, Mongolian Sheep and Spanish goat are high.
引文
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