综合医院门诊部建筑空间可持续设计研究
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摘要
医院建筑是与人类生命密切相关的场所,集各种专业技术、复杂功能于一体,并需要处理建筑内部各类不同的物流、人流之间的关系。门诊部是医院建筑中使用人员最为集中、频率也最高的场所。随着社会、经济、技术、文化等相关影响因素不断共同发展,人们对于可持续发展领域中的建筑可持续投以更多的关注。综合医院门诊部正是特殊的能耗高、使用时间长、与人们息息相关的建筑类型,因而对于医院建筑门诊部建筑空间的可持续设计研究意义重大。
医院门诊部因其特殊的建筑类型以及与医疗模式、技术等方面的密切联系,在平面布局、功能流线组织、空间形态等各方面都有着独特的个性。综合医院建筑随着医疗模式和建筑设计理念的变革逐渐呈现出不同的特征趋势。本论文主要从应对未来发展及突发事件的适应性设计、适应生态环境的节能设计,以及“以人为本”的人性化设计三方面,探讨医院建筑门诊部建筑空间的可持续设计策略。
通过对国内外大量相关研究资料的对比分析,以及国内外众多综合医院门诊部建筑空间的实例调研分析,明确综合医院门诊部建筑空间可持续设计的影响因素,将建筑设计的时间扩大到建筑的整个运行生命周期。
论文分别针对门诊布局模式、功能流线组织形式、诊室适应性设计、候诊空间,以及门诊大厅这些医院门诊部的重要组成部分进行综合分析,并提出针对各个组成部分的可持续设计方法。
最后,通过实例的评测和辅助模拟改造分析对文中所提出的设计方法加以验证,从而希望能够真正有效地对今后的医院门诊部建筑空间的可持续发展有一定的意义。
Hospital construction is closely related to human life, a place that set a variety of professional and technical, complex functions, needed to be addressed within the different types of construction materials and the relationship between the flow of people. Out-patient department of hospital buildings is the most concentrated use of personnel, with the highest using frequency. With the development of social, economic, technological, and cultural factors, people pay increasing attention to the sustainable development of sustainable construction. The general hospital clinics, is a kind of building type with special high-energy consumption, and long using time, are closely related to the people’s daily life. Therefore the sustainable design of out-patient department building space in general hospital is an important issue.
Tor the hospital out-patient department, the special type of construction, is the close combination of the medical model, technology, and etc, the layout, function streamline organizations, and other spatial patterns have its own unique characteristics. Integrated with the medical model of hospital buildings and architectural design concept, the general hospital OPD design changes into the characteristics of new trends. The general hospital OPD building space sustainable design methods were explored in the paper to meet the unknown and emergencies in the future, to fit the environment much better, and to be more human-oriented.
By the research of a great deal of relative data, home and abroad, and the analysis of many general hospitals in China, the influencing factors of the sustainable design were fund out. And with these influence factors, the design time of are extend to cover the entire building life-cycle operation.
Layout, respectively, for out-patient model, functional space streamline forms of organization, adaptive design office, waiting space, as well as out-patient clinics of these hospitals hall an important component of the comprehensive analysis, and for the various components of the sustainable design method. Combined with these important components of general hospital OPD, the sustainable design methods were worked out.
Finally, simulation examples of transformation of living example was worked out exam the design methods mentioned above, proposing the former design methods can be truly effective in the hospital out-patient department building space sustainable development with a certain significance.
医院门诊部因其特殊的建筑类型以及与医疗模式、技术等方面的密切联系,在平面布局、功能流线组织、空间形态等各方面都有着独特的个性。综合医院建筑随着医疗模式和建筑设计理念的变革逐渐呈现出不同的特征趋势。本论文主要从应对未来发展及突发事件的适应性设计、适应生态环境的节能设计,以及“以人为本”的人性化设计三方面,探讨医院建筑门诊部建筑空间的可持续设计策略。
通过对国内外大量相关研究资料的对比分析,以及国内外众多综合医院门诊部建筑空间的实例调研分析,明确综合医院门诊部建筑空间可持续设计的影响因素,将建筑设计的时间扩大到建筑的整个运行生命周期。
论文分别针对门诊布局模式、功能流线组织形式、诊室适应性设计、候诊空间,以及门诊大厅这些医院门诊部的重要组成部分进行综合分析,并提出针对各个组成部分的可持续设计方法。
最后,通过实例的评测和辅助模拟改造分析对文中所提出的设计方法加以验证,从而希望能够真正有效地对今后的医院门诊部建筑空间的可持续发展有一定的意义。
Hospital construction is closely related to human life, a place that set a variety of professional and technical, complex functions, needed to be addressed within the different types of construction materials and the relationship between the flow of people. Out-patient department of hospital buildings is the most concentrated use of personnel, with the highest using frequency. With the development of social, economic, technological, and cultural factors, people pay increasing attention to the sustainable development of sustainable construction. The general hospital clinics, is a kind of building type with special high-energy consumption, and long using time, are closely related to the people’s daily life. Therefore the sustainable design of out-patient department building space in general hospital is an important issue.
Tor the hospital out-patient department, the special type of construction, is the close combination of the medical model, technology, and etc, the layout, function streamline organizations, and other spatial patterns have its own unique characteristics. Integrated with the medical model of hospital buildings and architectural design concept, the general hospital OPD design changes into the characteristics of new trends. The general hospital OPD building space sustainable design methods were explored in the paper to meet the unknown and emergencies in the future, to fit the environment much better, and to be more human-oriented.
By the research of a great deal of relative data, home and abroad, and the analysis of many general hospitals in China, the influencing factors of the sustainable design were fund out. And with these influence factors, the design time of are extend to cover the entire building life-cycle operation.
Layout, respectively, for out-patient model, functional space streamline forms of organization, adaptive design office, waiting space, as well as out-patient clinics of these hospitals hall an important component of the comprehensive analysis, and for the various components of the sustainable design method. Combined with these important components of general hospital OPD, the sustainable design methods were worked out.
Finally, simulation examples of transformation of living example was worked out exam the design methods mentioned above, proposing the former design methods can be truly effective in the hospital out-patient department building space sustainable development with a certain significance.
引文
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[3]世界环境与发展委员会(WCED)《我们共同的未来》报告
[4]联合国环境与发展大会《里约宣言》
[5]《马斯特里赫特条约》
[6]《地球环境·建筑宪章》
[7]冯珠娣,艾理克,赖立里,文化人类学研究与中医,北京中医药大学学报,2001 .24(11)
[8]迈克尔·陶斯格著.病人的物化与意识.亚洲医药出版社,2001,242
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[10] http://blog.topenergy.org/
[11]《综合医院建筑设计规范》(征求意见稿2004年6月18日)
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[13] http://www.edires.net/news/display/article/19557
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[1]清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2007.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[2] John Tillman Lyle, Regenerative Design for Sustainable Development, New York: John Wily & Sons, 1994.
[3] [美]玛丽·古佐夫斯基著.可持续建筑的自然光运用.汪芳等译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[4] [法]SERGE SALAT主编.可持续发展设计指南高环境质量的建筑.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[5]云朋编著.ECOTECT建筑环境设计教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[6]罗运湖.现代医院建筑设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[7]常怀生.建筑环境心理学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990.
[8]《建筑设计资料集》委员会.建筑设计资料集7,第二版[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
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