数字电视系统中MPEG2编码器的设计研究
摘要
随着科学技术的进步，特别是计算机技术、数据编码与压缩技术、数字调制技术和超大规模集成电路技术的发展，全球迎来了电子信息产业数字化的新时代。在广播电视领域，自美国宣布到2006年将全部废除目前的模拟制式电视广播和接收系统以来，广播电视领域的数字化浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进，世界各发达国家纷纷加入开发数字式广播电视系统和设备的行列。MPEG-2编码器就是电视信号传输数字化的关键设备之一，其性能直接关系到广电传播的质量。
运动图像压缩编码国际标准MPEG-2是应多媒体技术、数字电视技术、多媒体通信及交互电视技术的发展在MPEG-1的基础上发展起来的，是一种覆盖广泛应用范围，具有较强通用性的数字图像编码标准。本文的第二章简要叙述了数字电视的基本知识；第三章较详细介绍了MPEG-2的相关技术，给出了主要内容的相关语义定义；第四章详细介绍了应用MPEG-2算法的实际硬件电路框架设计，包括模块的分割，各模块的功能介绍，各模块的硬件设计及实现，并对硬件设计中有关高速电路的设计进行了研究，得到了一些有用的结论。
在MPEG-2编码器的实现过程中，需要许多逻辑设计实现相关的语义和控制功能，而且都是需要高速的逻辑实现，是硬件设计的难点和关键。本文在第五章详细介绍了FPGA、CPLD在MPEG-2编码器中的应用，相关的逻辑设计思路、实现、仿真及部分关键地方的逻辑代码。
论文最后对MPEG-2编码器作一总结，并对MPEG-2标准在其它领域的应用进行了一定的展望。
With the improvement of the technology, especially in the fields such as computer technology , data coding and compress , digital modulation and VLSI., the world electronic information industry enter into the digital era. In the field of broadcasting and TV, since America announced the analog TV will be abolished till 2006, the digital in the field of broadcasting and TV is impelled greatly, and all the developed country in the world enter into the train of developing the digital broadcasting and TV equipment and system. The MPEG-2 encoding equipment is one of the key equipments which is used to transmit the digital TV signal, which quality will effect directly to the quality of broadcasting and TV transmission.
The international standard of moving picture compress and encoding, MPEG-2, is based on MPEG-1 accomplished by the development of multimedia technology, digital TV technology, multimedia communication and mutual TV technology, which rang over large application and is of generic digital picture encoding standard. This paper depicts roughly the digital TV knowledge in the second chapter; the MPEG-2 technology is depicted in details in the third chapter, and the definition of main MPEG-2 syntax will be given in the end; the MPEG-2 hardware is introduced in the forth chapter, including the circuit module division , circuit module function introduction and the design and implementation of circuit module, at last, the research and conclusion about high speed design met during the circuit design are presented.
During the implementation of MPEG-2 encoding equipment, a lot of logic, especially the high speed design, are need to implement the associated syntax and control function, which is the design emphases and difficulty. This paper depicts the application of CPLD, FPGA used in the implement of MPEG-2 in details, including the method of logical design, implement, simulation and logical code of important part. In the end of this paper, summarization and prospect of MPEG-2 encoding equipment design are presented and the applications in the relevant field also are given.
运动图像压缩编码国际标准MPEG-2是应多媒体技术、数字电视技术、多媒体通信及交互电视技术的发展在MPEG-1的基础上发展起来的，是一种覆盖广泛应用范围，具有较强通用性的数字图像编码标准。本文的第二章简要叙述了数字电视的基本知识；第三章较详细介绍了MPEG-2的相关技术，给出了主要内容的相关语义定义；第四章详细介绍了应用MPEG-2算法的实际硬件电路框架设计，包括模块的分割，各模块的功能介绍，各模块的硬件设计及实现，并对硬件设计中有关高速电路的设计进行了研究，得到了一些有用的结论。
在MPEG-2编码器的实现过程中，需要许多逻辑设计实现相关的语义和控制功能，而且都是需要高速的逻辑实现，是硬件设计的难点和关键。本文在第五章详细介绍了FPGA、CPLD在MPEG-2编码器中的应用，相关的逻辑设计思路、实现、仿真及部分关键地方的逻辑代码。
论文最后对MPEG-2编码器作一总结，并对MPEG-2标准在其它领域的应用进行了一定的展望。
With the improvement of the technology, especially in the fields such as computer technology , data coding and compress , digital modulation and VLSI., the world electronic information industry enter into the digital era. In the field of broadcasting and TV, since America announced the analog TV will be abolished till 2006, the digital in the field of broadcasting and TV is impelled greatly, and all the developed country in the world enter into the train of developing the digital broadcasting and TV equipment and system. The MPEG-2 encoding equipment is one of the key equipments which is used to transmit the digital TV signal, which quality will effect directly to the quality of broadcasting and TV transmission.
The international standard of moving picture compress and encoding, MPEG-2, is based on MPEG-1 accomplished by the development of multimedia technology, digital TV technology, multimedia communication and mutual TV technology, which rang over large application and is of generic digital picture encoding standard. This paper depicts roughly the digital TV knowledge in the second chapter; the MPEG-2 technology is depicted in details in the third chapter, and the definition of main MPEG-2 syntax will be given in the end; the MPEG-2 hardware is introduced in the forth chapter, including the circuit module division , circuit module function introduction and the design and implementation of circuit module, at last, the research and conclusion about high speed design met during the circuit design are presented.
During the implementation of MPEG-2 encoding equipment, a lot of logic, especially the high speed design, are need to implement the associated syntax and control function, which is the design emphases and difficulty. This paper depicts the application of CPLD, FPGA used in the implement of MPEG-2 in details, including the method of logical design, implement, simulation and logical code of important part. In the end of this paper, summarization and prospect of MPEG-2 encoding equipment design are presented and the applications in the relevant field also are given.
引文
[1]苏凯雄 郭里婷．数字卫星电视接收技术，人民邮电出版社，2002
[2]范寿嗣．叶玉琴，薛道勇，范由捃，李存星．有线电视模拟-数字光线与微波传输技术，中国广播电视出版社，1999
[3]蔡安妮，孙景鳌．多媒体通信技术基础，电子工业出版社，2000
[4]精英科技．视频压缩与音频编码技术，中国电力出版社，2002
[5]钟玉琢，乔秉新，祁卫．运动图像及其伴音通用编码国际标准---MPEG-2．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
[6]楼顺天等．《基于Matlab的系统分析与设计——信号处理》，西安电子科技大学出版社，2000
[7]张海涛．面向21世纪的中国有线电视．世界有线电视信息，1999(1)，Pages：12～15
[8]杨秀华．我国数字电视技术发展回顾及专利技术分析，2002(7)，Pages：4～6
[9]张天舒．DVB标准中MPEG物理接口，中国有线电视，2002(11)，Pages：56～58
[10]刘文红．运动图像的压缩编码技术，中国有线电视，2002(1)，Pages：34～36
[11]岳翔，牛晓．MPEG-2 传送流的结构分析，中国有线电视，2000(2)，Pages：85～89
[12]徐洪．MPEG-2传送层语法，通信与广播电视，2002(3)，Pages：26～31期
[13]周才夫．中国有线电视的情况报告．世界有线电视信息，1998年第1期
[14]周毅．广播电视信息网络技术标准体系概要．世界有线电视信息，1998年第8期
[15]张海涛，发展中的中国广播电影电视．广播与电视技术，1999年第9期
[16]黎洪松，数字视频技术及其应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
[17]杜百川．数字电视．中国电子学会广播电视技术分会，1997
[18]张兆扬．数字电视原理，北京：科学出版社，1989
[19]张雄伟．《DSP芯片的原理与开发应用》，电子工业出版社，1997
[20]彭启琮等．《DSP技术》，电子科技大学出版社，1997
[21]《Emulation Fundamentals for TI's DSP Solutions》，TI公司
[22]张宁等．《DSP开发系统的研究》，天津工业大学学报，2002
[23]宋万杰等．《CPLD技术及其应用》，西安电子科技大学，1999
[24]朱明程．数字系统现场集成技术，东南大学出版社，2001
[25]京辉工作室．《Protel 99电路设计实用指南》，人民邮电出版社，2000
[26]马忠梅等．《单片机的C语言应用程序设计》，北京航空航天大学出版社，1999
[27]徐爱钧等．《单片机高级语言C51应用程序设计》，电子工业出版社，1998
[28]赵曙光．《可编程逻辑器件原理、开发与应用》，西安电子科技大学出版社，2001
[29]Chris Dick, Fredric J.Harris, "Configurable Logic for Digital Communications: Some Signal Processing Perspectives" ,IEEE Communications Magazine, Aug 1999, Vol. 37, No. 8, p107-111.
[30]Cummings and S. harugame, "FPGA in the Software Radio", IEEE Communication Magazine, Feb 1999, Vol. 37, No. 2, p108-112.
[31]ITU-T. Video Codec for Audiovisual Services at P×64Kbps. Dec. 1990
[32]ISO/IEC International standard 11172-2. Coding of Moving Picture and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media at up to about 1.5Mbps. 1994
[33]ISO/IEC International Standard 13818-2. Generic Coding of Moving Picture and Associated Audio Information: Video. Nov. 1994
[34]ISO/IBC 13818-1, Information Technology-Generic Coding of Moving Picture and associated audio Information:System. 1996
[35]ISO/IEC 13818-2, Information Technology-Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information, Part2: Video, 1995
[36]ISO/IBC 13818-3, Information Technology-Generic Coding of Moving Picture and associated audio Information: Audio. 1998
[37]ISO/IEC 13818-4, Information Technology-Generic Coding of Moving
Picture and associated audio Information: Conformance testing. 1996
[38]ISO/IEC 13818-5, Information Technology-Generic Coding of Moving Picture and associated audio Information:Software simulation. 1997
[39]ISO/IEC 13818-9, Information Technology-Generic Coding of Moving Picture and associated audio Information: Extension for real time interface for systems decoders. 1996
[40]ITU-T. Draft IUT-T Recommendation H. 263 (video Coding for Low Bit Rate Communication). Jan. 1995
[41]H. Sun el al., MPEG coding performance improvement by jointly optimizing coding mode decisions and rate control, IEEE Trans, CSVT, 1997, Vol. 7, No. 3, 449～467
[2]范寿嗣．叶玉琴，薛道勇，范由捃，李存星．有线电视模拟-数字光线与微波传输技术，中国广播电视出版社，1999
[3]蔡安妮，孙景鳌．多媒体通信技术基础，电子工业出版社，2000
[4]精英科技．视频压缩与音频编码技术，中国电力出版社，2002
[5]钟玉琢，乔秉新，祁卫．运动图像及其伴音通用编码国际标准---MPEG-2．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
[6]楼顺天等．《基于Matlab的系统分析与设计——信号处理》，西安电子科技大学出版社，2000
[7]张海涛．面向21世纪的中国有线电视．世界有线电视信息，1999(1)，Pages：12～15
[8]杨秀华．我国数字电视技术发展回顾及专利技术分析，2002(7)，Pages：4～6
[9]张天舒．DVB标准中MPEG物理接口，中国有线电视，2002(11)，Pages：56～58
[10]刘文红．运动图像的压缩编码技术，中国有线电视，2002(1)，Pages：34～36
[11]岳翔，牛晓．MPEG-2 传送流的结构分析，中国有线电视，2000(2)，Pages：85～89
[12]徐洪．MPEG-2传送层语法，通信与广播电视，2002(3)，Pages：26～31期
[13]周才夫．中国有线电视的情况报告．世界有线电视信息，1998年第1期
[14]周毅．广播电视信息网络技术标准体系概要．世界有线电视信息，1998年第8期
[15]张海涛，发展中的中国广播电影电视．广播与电视技术，1999年第9期
[16]黎洪松，数字视频技术及其应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
[17]杜百川．数字电视．中国电子学会广播电视技术分会，1997
[18]张兆扬．数字电视原理，北京：科学出版社，1989
[19]张雄伟．《DSP芯片的原理与开发应用》，电子工业出版社，1997
[20]彭启琮等．《DSP技术》，电子科技大学出版社，1997
[21]《Emulation Fundamentals for TI's DSP Solutions》，TI公司
[22]张宁等．《DSP开发系统的研究》，天津工业大学学报，2002
[23]宋万杰等．《CPLD技术及其应用》，西安电子科技大学，1999
[24]朱明程．数字系统现场集成技术，东南大学出版社，2001
[25]京辉工作室．《Protel 99电路设计实用指南》，人民邮电出版社，2000
[26]马忠梅等．《单片机的C语言应用程序设计》，北京航空航天大学出版社，1999
[27]徐爱钧等．《单片机高级语言C51应用程序设计》，电子工业出版社，1998
[28]赵曙光．《可编程逻辑器件原理、开发与应用》，西安电子科技大学出版社，2001
[29]Chris Dick, Fredric J.Harris, "Configurable Logic for Digital Communications: Some Signal Processing Perspectives" ,IEEE Communications Magazine, Aug 1999, Vol. 37, No. 8, p107-111.
[30]Cummings and S. harugame, "FPGA in the Software Radio", IEEE Communication Magazine, Feb 1999, Vol. 37, No. 2, p108-112.
[31]ITU-T. Video Codec for Audiovisual Services at P×64Kbps. Dec. 1990
[32]ISO/IEC International standard 11172-2. Coding of Moving Picture and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media at up to about 1.5Mbps. 1994
[33]ISO/IEC International Standard 13818-2. Generic Coding of Moving Picture and Associated Audio Information: Video. Nov. 1994
[34]ISO/IBC 13818-1, Information Technology-Generic Coding of Moving Picture and associated audio Information:System. 1996
[35]ISO/IEC 13818-2, Information Technology-Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information, Part2: Video, 1995
[36]ISO/IBC 13818-3, Information Technology-Generic Coding of Moving Picture and associated audio Information: Audio. 1998
[37]ISO/IEC 13818-4, Information Technology-Generic Coding of Moving
Picture and associated audio Information: Conformance testing. 1996
[38]ISO/IEC 13818-5, Information Technology-Generic Coding of Moving Picture and associated audio Information:Software simulation. 1997
[39]ISO/IEC 13818-9, Information Technology-Generic Coding of Moving Picture and associated audio Information: Extension for real time interface for systems decoders. 1996
[40]ITU-T. Draft IUT-T Recommendation H. 263 (video Coding for Low Bit Rate Communication). Jan. 1995
[41]H. Sun el al., MPEG coding performance improvement by jointly optimizing coding mode decisions and rate control, IEEE Trans, CSVT, 1997, Vol. 7, No. 3, 449～467
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