基于DSP的数字成像压缩系统设计及实现
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摘要
进入90年代以来，随着微电子技术、计算机技术、现代通信技术和网络技术的飞速发展，人类社会正健步迈入信息化时代，这使社会对图像信息的处理、传输、传播和交换的需要越来越迫切。近年来，电子器件和设备的处理能力和处理速度大幅提高，数字图像压缩技术的不断进步，使数字图像逐渐成为信息表达的主流。本文描述的成像压缩存储系统综合运用了数字图像压缩技术，并且采用了最新的器件，其主要特点是体积小、自动记录、本地压缩存储和无需网络支持，它主要面向于拍摄背景不变或变化不大的应用场合。
本系统由图像获取、图像压缩和实时存储三部分组成。CMOS图像传感器集成度高并且可以直接获得数字化的图像。随着CMOS图像传感器制造工艺的不断提高，它的市场占有率越来越高并有取代传统CCD图像传感器的趋势。系统采用电子硬盘作为存储体。电子硬盘一般由FLASH构成，具有体积小、可靠性高和抗冲击能力，可以在恶劣的环境中正常工作。系统使用的COMPACT FLASH电子硬盘，具有标准硬盘(IDE)接口，应用广泛，控制方便并且已经成为行业标准。压缩芯片采用了TI公司的54系列的定点DSP芯片，它是本系统的核心，负责压缩图像数据，控制图像传感器拍摄和电子硬盘的存储。由于背景不变，本文采用DPCM(差分脉冲编码调制)结合DCT变换、RLC编码和哈夫曼编码图像压缩算法，并取得良好的效果。
Since 1990s, the technology of microelectronic, computer, modern communication and telnet has kept on developing promptly. Now, human beings are entering an era of information explosion. As a result, the need of the processing, transforming, and exchanging of image info becomes more and more urgent. In recent years, the process ability and speed of electronic appliance and equipment has increased greatly; compressing technology of digital image also has made great progress. Therefore, digital image has become the main stream of info expression gradually. The visual compression and storage system described in this paper employs the technology of digital image compression synthetically. In addition, it utilizes the latest appliances. The main features of this system lie in its small volume, automobile record, local compression and storage. Besides, it can work normally without the support of net. This system can do well if the background doesn' t change or only changes a little.
The system consists of three parts: image acquirement, real time storage and compression. The integration degree of the CMOS image sensor is high, and it can obtain digital image directly. With the technique of making CMOS image sensor being improved, CMOS image sensor is taking more and more quotient in the market; it even seems to have a trend to replace the traditional CCD image sensor. Electronic hard disk is used in the system for storage. It' s usually made by FLASH. It' s very dependable and its ability to resist impingement is excellent. Besides, its size is small, and it can work in gear in terrible environment. The COMPACT FLASH electronic hard disk that is used by this system has standard IDE interface, is easy to control, be widely used and has become a industry standard. The compress
processor chip adopts company TI' s fixed-point DSP of series 54x. It' s the core of this system and is in charge of the compression of the image data, the screening of image sensor and the storage of electronic hard disk. For the background is unchangeable, this paper adopts DCT commutation with DPCM, RLC coding, and Huffman' s coding arithmetic of image compressing, and gets favorable effect.
本系统由图像获取、图像压缩和实时存储三部分组成。CMOS图像传感器集成度高并且可以直接获得数字化的图像。随着CMOS图像传感器制造工艺的不断提高，它的市场占有率越来越高并有取代传统CCD图像传感器的趋势。系统采用电子硬盘作为存储体。电子硬盘一般由FLASH构成，具有体积小、可靠性高和抗冲击能力，可以在恶劣的环境中正常工作。系统使用的COMPACT FLASH电子硬盘，具有标准硬盘(IDE)接口，应用广泛，控制方便并且已经成为行业标准。压缩芯片采用了TI公司的54系列的定点DSP芯片，它是本系统的核心，负责压缩图像数据，控制图像传感器拍摄和电子硬盘的存储。由于背景不变，本文采用DPCM(差分脉冲编码调制)结合DCT变换、RLC编码和哈夫曼编码图像压缩算法，并取得良好的效果。
Since 1990s, the technology of microelectronic, computer, modern communication and telnet has kept on developing promptly. Now, human beings are entering an era of information explosion. As a result, the need of the processing, transforming, and exchanging of image info becomes more and more urgent. In recent years, the process ability and speed of electronic appliance and equipment has increased greatly; compressing technology of digital image also has made great progress. Therefore, digital image has become the main stream of info expression gradually. The visual compression and storage system described in this paper employs the technology of digital image compression synthetically. In addition, it utilizes the latest appliances. The main features of this system lie in its small volume, automobile record, local compression and storage. Besides, it can work normally without the support of net. This system can do well if the background doesn' t change or only changes a little.
The system consists of three parts: image acquirement, real time storage and compression. The integration degree of the CMOS image sensor is high, and it can obtain digital image directly. With the technique of making CMOS image sensor being improved, CMOS image sensor is taking more and more quotient in the market; it even seems to have a trend to replace the traditional CCD image sensor. Electronic hard disk is used in the system for storage. It' s usually made by FLASH. It' s very dependable and its ability to resist impingement is excellent. Besides, its size is small, and it can work in gear in terrible environment. The COMPACT FLASH electronic hard disk that is used by this system has standard IDE interface, is easy to control, be widely used and has become a industry standard. The compress
processor chip adopts company TI' s fixed-point DSP of series 54x. It' s the core of this system and is in charge of the compression of the image data, the screening of image sensor and the storage of electronic hard disk. For the background is unchangeable, this paper adopts DCT commutation with DPCM, RLC coding, and Huffman' s coding arithmetic of image compressing, and gets favorable effect.
引文
[1] 余松煜．现代图像信息压缩技术．北京：科学出版社．1998：1-8页
[2] 王汇源．数字图像通信原理与技术．北京：国防工业出版社．2000，9：5—8页 74—78页
[3] 黄贤武．数字图像处理与压缩编码技术．电子科技大学出版社．2000：7—9页
[4] 沈兰荪．图像编码与异步传输．北京：人民邮电出版社．1998：5—6页
[5] 吴乐南．数据压缩的原理与应用．北京：电子工业出版社．1995：7—10页
[6] 黎洪松．数字视频技术及其应用．第二版．北京：清华大学出版社．1998：1—5页
[7] 王高，武耀艳，赵捍东．CMOS图像传感器的发展现状．光机电信息．2001，第3期：12—16页
[8] Texas Instrument Inc. Data Manual. TMS320VC5509 fixed-point digital Signal processor.
[9] 陈琳．存储卡谁领风骚．摄影摄像．2001，第8期：52—53页，第9期：48—49页
[10] 赵负图．现代传感器集成电路(图像及磁传感器电路)．人民邮电出版社．第1版．2000：435—453页
[11] OmiVision Technologies, Inc.OV7620 Product Specifications—Rev.1.2(5／13／00)
[12] OmiVision Technologies, Inc.Serial Camera Control Bus Functional Specification.Rev1.0 June 7,2000
[13] 黄玉燕．I2C总线器件扩展单片机的接口．集美大学学报(自然科学版)．2001．6，第6卷(第2期)：163—166页
[14] 李刚．数字信号处理器的原理及其开发应用．天津大学出版社．2000：12—13页
[15] 彭启琮．TMS320C54X实用教程．电子科技大学——德州仪器DSP实验室．1999：3—5页13—15页
[16] 张雄伟，曹铁勇．DSP芯片的原理开发应用．第二版．北京：电子工业出版社．2000：2—4页11—13页
[17] Texas Instrument Inc. Product Datasheet.TMS320VC5409 fixed-point, digital signal processor
[18] Texas Instrument Inc. TMS320C54x DSP Reference Set.Volume 5: Enhanced Peripherals. Page 2-1—2-97
[19] Dallas Semiconductor Inc.DS1302 datasheet.
[20] Samsun Inc. K6T4008V1C, K6T4008U1C Family CMOS SRAM datasheet.
[21] 宋万杰，罗丰，吴顺君．CPLD技术及其应用．西安电子科技大学出版社，1999．9：83—95页
[22] 候伯亨，顾新．VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计．西安电子科技大学出版社，2000
[23] CompactFlash Association. CF+ and CompactFlash Specification.Rev.1.4 7/99
[24] Working draft proposed American National Standard for Information Systems-ATA (AT Attachment) Rev 3.2 October 16,1992
[25] 伍经兵，沈鑫剡．ATA接口技术．微型机与应用．2000第5期 20-23页
[26] 耿相铭，胡剑凌．基于DSP的CompactFlash卡接口设计．电子技术应用．2001，第9期：68—70页
[27] Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft Extensible Firmware Initiative FAT32 File System Specification. FAT: General Overview of On-Disk Format. Version 1.03, December 6, 2000
[28] 高明，柳玉辉，刘积仁．JPEG软件压缩的设计与实现．微型计算机．1995，第15卷(第6期): 13—16页
[29] 蔡士杰，岳华，刘小燕．连续色调静止图像的压缩与编码—JPEG．第1版．南京大学出版．1995：11—13页15—19
[30] W.B.Pennebaker and Joan L. Mitchell, JPEG: Still Image Data Compression Standard, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1993
[31] B.G. Sherlock and Y. P. Kakad. Transform domain technique for windowing the DCT and DST, Journal of the Franklin Institute, Volume 339, Issue 1, January 2002, Pages 111-120
[32] Kuo-Liang Chung and Wen-Ming Yan. Fast 2D discrete cosine transform on compressed image in restricted quadtree and shading format. Information Processing Letters, Volume 81, Issue 1, 16 January 2002, Pages 13-21
[33] JPEG File Interchange Format. Version 1.02. September 1, 1992
[2] 王汇源．数字图像通信原理与技术．北京：国防工业出版社．2000，9：5—8页 74—78页
[3] 黄贤武．数字图像处理与压缩编码技术．电子科技大学出版社．2000：7—9页
[4] 沈兰荪．图像编码与异步传输．北京：人民邮电出版社．1998：5—6页
[5] 吴乐南．数据压缩的原理与应用．北京：电子工业出版社．1995：7—10页
[6] 黎洪松．数字视频技术及其应用．第二版．北京：清华大学出版社．1998：1—5页
[7] 王高，武耀艳，赵捍东．CMOS图像传感器的发展现状．光机电信息．2001，第3期：12—16页
[8] Texas Instrument Inc. Data Manual. TMS320VC5509 fixed-point digital Signal processor.
[9] 陈琳．存储卡谁领风骚．摄影摄像．2001，第8期：52—53页，第9期：48—49页
[10] 赵负图．现代传感器集成电路(图像及磁传感器电路)．人民邮电出版社．第1版．2000：435—453页
[11] OmiVision Technologies, Inc.OV7620 Product Specifications—Rev.1.2(5／13／00)
[12] OmiVision Technologies, Inc.Serial Camera Control Bus Functional Specification.Rev1.0 June 7,2000
[13] 黄玉燕．I2C总线器件扩展单片机的接口．集美大学学报(自然科学版)．2001．6，第6卷(第2期)：163—166页
[14] 李刚．数字信号处理器的原理及其开发应用．天津大学出版社．2000：12—13页
[15] 彭启琮．TMS320C54X实用教程．电子科技大学——德州仪器DSP实验室．1999：3—5页13—15页
[16] 张雄伟，曹铁勇．DSP芯片的原理开发应用．第二版．北京：电子工业出版社．2000：2—4页11—13页
[17] Texas Instrument Inc. Product Datasheet.TMS320VC5409 fixed-point, digital signal processor
[18] Texas Instrument Inc. TMS320C54x DSP Reference Set.Volume 5: Enhanced Peripherals. Page 2-1—2-97
[19] Dallas Semiconductor Inc.DS1302 datasheet.
[20] Samsun Inc. K6T4008V1C, K6T4008U1C Family CMOS SRAM datasheet.
[21] 宋万杰，罗丰，吴顺君．CPLD技术及其应用．西安电子科技大学出版社，1999．9：83—95页
[22] 候伯亨，顾新．VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计．西安电子科技大学出版社，2000
[23] CompactFlash Association. CF+ and CompactFlash Specification.Rev.1.4 7/99
[24] Working draft proposed American National Standard for Information Systems-ATA (AT Attachment) Rev 3.2 October 16,1992
[25] 伍经兵，沈鑫剡．ATA接口技术．微型机与应用．2000第5期 20-23页
[26] 耿相铭，胡剑凌．基于DSP的CompactFlash卡接口设计．电子技术应用．2001，第9期：68—70页
[27] Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft Extensible Firmware Initiative FAT32 File System Specification. FAT: General Overview of On-Disk Format. Version 1.03, December 6, 2000
[28] 高明，柳玉辉，刘积仁．JPEG软件压缩的设计与实现．微型计算机．1995，第15卷(第6期): 13—16页
[29] 蔡士杰，岳华，刘小燕．连续色调静止图像的压缩与编码—JPEG．第1版．南京大学出版．1995：11—13页15—19
[30] W.B.Pennebaker and Joan L. Mitchell, JPEG: Still Image Data Compression Standard, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1993
[31] B.G. Sherlock and Y. P. Kakad. Transform domain technique for windowing the DCT and DST, Journal of the Franklin Institute, Volume 339, Issue 1, January 2002, Pages 111-120
[32] Kuo-Liang Chung and Wen-Ming Yan. Fast 2D discrete cosine transform on compressed image in restricted quadtree and shading format. Information Processing Letters, Volume 81, Issue 1, 16 January 2002, Pages 13-21
[33] JPEG File Interchange Format. Version 1.02. September 1, 1992
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