全光网络中的自动保护倒换的设计及硬件实现
摘要
WDM环网就其保护恢复能力而言是一个相当值得研究的课题。它能够利用简单快速的保护倒换方案对单个的光缆断裂和设备故障完成100％的恢复。光网络上的多波长技术使保护和恢复变得复杂，并且还需考虑一些其它问题(主要在物理层)。网络存活性以及故障保护和恢复问题，在提高宽带光网络互联方面越来越引起人们的关注。
本文重点研究了环形网的自动保护倒换问题。环形网是WDM应用最广泛的网络结构，因为它配置比较简单，具有自愈能力，网络的生存性很强，网络的保护时间也很短(一般小于50ms)。本文分析了环形网络的不同组网形式。同时对通道段保护方式和复用段保护方式的具体操作细节进行了详细的分析和图示说明。
在对WDM光网络结构实现方式详细研究的基础之上，本文编写了光网络自动保护倒换协议(O-APSP)，利用来自光监控通道(OSC)的K1、K2 APS倒换字节来传送节点故障信息，建立了基于光复用段自动保护倒换模块。建立的保护恢复机制可以为上层业务网络共享，因而有更好的恢复资源利用率。由于光网络的环形结构相对简单，光层恢复机制可以达到很好的恢复效率。该软件协议的明显优点是可以十分经济地对复用段内的所有波长信道同时提供保护。
稀疏波分复用系统CWDM用很低的成本提供了很高的接入带宽，适用于点对点、以太网、SONET环等各种流行的网络结构。本文研制设计了CWDM系统中的主控盘，它完成的主要功能有：主控，网络管理、网络通信等三大功能。在系统控制层次中处于一个核心的地位。该设计极大地避免了高频及高负载所带来的噪声和反射问题，使主控盘具有可靠性、可用性和可扩展性等特点。
WDM ring network is a subject that quite deserves to study in protecting and resuming ability . It can utilize simple and quick protecting-switching scheme to recover single optical cable and equipment failure at 100% rate. Multi-wavelength technology in optical net enables protecting and recovering become complicated, and must consider some other problems (mainly in physical layer). The survival and protecting&recovering of optical net cause more and more attention in improving broadband net interlinking.
This assay emphases on automatic protection switching ( APS) in ring net. Ring net is the most popular scheme in WDM because it has simple configuration, self-healing ability , strong survivalty, short protection time(often less than 50ms) .This assay also analyze different net schemes. At the same time , the assay analyzes and illustrates on OCHSP and OMSP at detail.
Based on the design of WDM optical net scheme, this assay write O-APSP, which utilizes K1,K2 that come from OSC to sending failure messages of nodes. It also built APS model which grounded on OMS. Because the OAPSP can shared by top customer layer , it has better recover resource utility . As the simple structure of ring net, optical recovery can achieve good recovery rate. The strongpoint of OAPSP is it can offer protection to all wave channels in OMS economically.
CWDM provides wide bandwidths at low cost, which can be applied to point- to-point, Ethernet, SONET rings etc. This assay designed the main control unit in CWDM system. Its chief function : main control, net management, net communicating . MCU stays at the kernel in system control. This MCU maximumly avoids high frequency and noise&reflection caused by heavy loads, so that it has the peculiarity of reliability, usability and expansibility.
本文重点研究了环形网的自动保护倒换问题。环形网是WDM应用最广泛的网络结构，因为它配置比较简单，具有自愈能力，网络的生存性很强，网络的保护时间也很短(一般小于50ms)。本文分析了环形网络的不同组网形式。同时对通道段保护方式和复用段保护方式的具体操作细节进行了详细的分析和图示说明。
在对WDM光网络结构实现方式详细研究的基础之上，本文编写了光网络自动保护倒换协议(O-APSP)，利用来自光监控通道(OSC)的K1、K2 APS倒换字节来传送节点故障信息，建立了基于光复用段自动保护倒换模块。建立的保护恢复机制可以为上层业务网络共享，因而有更好的恢复资源利用率。由于光网络的环形结构相对简单，光层恢复机制可以达到很好的恢复效率。该软件协议的明显优点是可以十分经济地对复用段内的所有波长信道同时提供保护。
稀疏波分复用系统CWDM用很低的成本提供了很高的接入带宽，适用于点对点、以太网、SONET环等各种流行的网络结构。本文研制设计了CWDM系统中的主控盘，它完成的主要功能有：主控，网络管理、网络通信等三大功能。在系统控制层次中处于一个核心的地位。该设计极大地避免了高频及高负载所带来的噪声和反射问题，使主控盘具有可靠性、可用性和可扩展性等特点。
WDM ring network is a subject that quite deserves to study in protecting and resuming ability . It can utilize simple and quick protecting-switching scheme to recover single optical cable and equipment failure at 100% rate. Multi-wavelength technology in optical net enables protecting and recovering become complicated, and must consider some other problems (mainly in physical layer). The survival and protecting&recovering of optical net cause more and more attention in improving broadband net interlinking.
This assay emphases on automatic protection switching ( APS) in ring net. Ring net is the most popular scheme in WDM because it has simple configuration, self-healing ability , strong survivalty, short protection time(often less than 50ms) .This assay also analyze different net schemes. At the same time , the assay analyzes and illustrates on OCHSP and OMSP at detail.
Based on the design of WDM optical net scheme, this assay write O-APSP, which utilizes K1,K2 that come from OSC to sending failure messages of nodes. It also built APS model which grounded on OMS. Because the OAPSP can shared by top customer layer , it has better recover resource utility . As the simple structure of ring net, optical recovery can achieve good recovery rate. The strongpoint of OAPSP is it can offer protection to all wave channels in OMS economically.
CWDM provides wide bandwidths at low cost, which can be applied to point- to-point, Ethernet, SONET rings etc. This assay designed the main control unit in CWDM system. Its chief function : main control, net management, net communicating . MCU stays at the kernel in system control. This MCU maximumly avoids high frequency and noise&reflection caused by heavy loads, so that it has the peculiarity of reliability, usability and expansibility.
引文
[1]杨世平，邓大鹏，何渊编著．SDH光同步数字传输设备与工程应用．人民邮电出版社．2001年4月第一版
[2]T1X1.5/99-257R1. Signaling Channels of OCh Shared ProtectionRing. NEC USA
[3]T1X1.5/2000-011. Considerations for APS for the OTN. Hitachi Telecom (USA)
[4]邬贺铨．中国光纤传送网的发展．电信科学．1999，10：1—4
[5]N.A. Jackman, et al. Optical cross connects for optical networking. Bell Labs Technical Journal, 1999, 1-3:262-281
[6]ITU-T Rec. G. 872. Architecture of optical transport networks. Oct. 1998
[7]ITU-T Draft Rec. G. otn. Architecture of Optical Transport Networks.
[8]Chung-Sheng Li, Rajiv Ramaswami. Automatic Fault Detection, Isolation, and Recovery in Transparent All-Optical Networks. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. vol. 15, pp:1784-1793, Oct. 1997.
[9]GR-2979-CORE. Common Generic Requirements for Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers (OADMs) and Optical Terminal Multiplexers(OTMs)
[10]GR-3OO9-CORE. Optical Cross-Connect Generic Requirements.
[11]ITU-T G. 841. Types and Characteristic of SDH Network Protection Architectures.
[12]T1X1. 5/99-O65R1. Revised Draft T105. O1 SONET Automatic Protection Switching Standard
[13]Hill G, Fernandez L, Cadeddu R. Building the road to optical networks. Brt Telecommun Eng. 1997, 16:2-12
[14]O'Mahany M J, Simeonidou D, et al. The design of a Eropean optical network.J Lightwave Technol,1995,13(5):817-828
[15]Berger M, Chbat U, Jourdan A, et al. Pan-European optical networking using wavelength division multiplexing. IEEE Com Mag, 1997, 35(4): 82-88
[16]Berthelon L, Gavignet L, Perrier P A, et al. Towards photonic networking: experimental demonstration of a reconfigurable survivable WDM ring network. GLOBECO'96, 1996:311-315
[17]ZENG Oingji, HU Weisheng, CHEN Jianming, et al. Reconfigurable wavelength-routing all-optical network testbed. Photonics China'98, 1998
[18]Arecco F, Casella F, Iannone E, et al. A transparent, all-optical, metropolitan network experiment in a field environment: the 'PROMETEO'self-healing ring. J Lightwave Technol, 1997, 15: 2206-221
[19]Fulvio Arecco, Federica Casella, Rugenio Iannone, Alfonso Mariconda, Stefano Merli, Francesco Pozzi, and Fabrizio Veghini. A Transparent, All-Optical, Metropolitan Network Experiment in a Field Environment: The "PROMETEO" Self-Healing Ring. IEEE
[20]王建全，方来付，顾畹仪，纪越峰．全光网络中的APS协议及其实现．北京邮电大学学报．2000年12月Vol．23 No．4：46—49
[21]孙学军等．DWDM传输系统原理与测试．北京：人民邮电出版社．2000年
[22]韦乐平．光同步数字传送往网．北京：人民邮电出版社．1998年
[2]T1X1.5/99-257R1. Signaling Channels of OCh Shared ProtectionRing. NEC USA
[3]T1X1.5/2000-011. Considerations for APS for the OTN. Hitachi Telecom (USA)
[4]邬贺铨．中国光纤传送网的发展．电信科学．1999，10：1—4
[5]N.A. Jackman, et al. Optical cross connects for optical networking. Bell Labs Technical Journal, 1999, 1-3:262-281
[6]ITU-T Rec. G. 872. Architecture of optical transport networks. Oct. 1998
[7]ITU-T Draft Rec. G. otn. Architecture of Optical Transport Networks.
[8]Chung-Sheng Li, Rajiv Ramaswami. Automatic Fault Detection, Isolation, and Recovery in Transparent All-Optical Networks. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. vol. 15, pp:1784-1793, Oct. 1997.
[9]GR-2979-CORE. Common Generic Requirements for Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers (OADMs) and Optical Terminal Multiplexers(OTMs)
[10]GR-3OO9-CORE. Optical Cross-Connect Generic Requirements.
[11]ITU-T G. 841. Types and Characteristic of SDH Network Protection Architectures.
[12]T1X1. 5/99-O65R1. Revised Draft T105. O1 SONET Automatic Protection Switching Standard
[13]Hill G, Fernandez L, Cadeddu R. Building the road to optical networks. Brt Telecommun Eng. 1997, 16:2-12
[14]O'Mahany M J, Simeonidou D, et al. The design of a Eropean optical network.J Lightwave Technol,1995,13(5):817-828
[15]Berger M, Chbat U, Jourdan A, et al. Pan-European optical networking using wavelength division multiplexing. IEEE Com Mag, 1997, 35(4): 82-88
[16]Berthelon L, Gavignet L, Perrier P A, et al. Towards photonic networking: experimental demonstration of a reconfigurable survivable WDM ring network. GLOBECO'96, 1996:311-315
[17]ZENG Oingji, HU Weisheng, CHEN Jianming, et al. Reconfigurable wavelength-routing all-optical network testbed. Photonics China'98, 1998
[18]Arecco F, Casella F, Iannone E, et al. A transparent, all-optical, metropolitan network experiment in a field environment: the 'PROMETEO'self-healing ring. J Lightwave Technol, 1997, 15: 2206-221
[19]Fulvio Arecco, Federica Casella, Rugenio Iannone, Alfonso Mariconda, Stefano Merli, Francesco Pozzi, and Fabrizio Veghini. A Transparent, All-Optical, Metropolitan Network Experiment in a Field Environment: The "PROMETEO" Self-Healing Ring. IEEE
[20]王建全，方来付，顾畹仪，纪越峰．全光网络中的APS协议及其实现．北京邮电大学学报．2000年12月Vol．23 No．4：46—49
[21]孙学军等．DWDM传输系统原理与测试．北京：人民邮电出版社．2000年
[22]韦乐平．光同步数字传送往网．北京：人民邮电出版社．1998年
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