基于CAN总线的电力远程监测系统研究
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摘要
远程监测管理是实现电力系统自动化的关键。本文综述了电力远程监测领域技术现状，总结了现有电力远程监测系统的优点与不足，提出并研制了一种通信距离远、数据传输速度快、监测实时性强、组建方便的基于CAN(控制器局域网)总线的电力远程监测系统，重点论述了集中器的工作原理和CAN总线通信方法。
论文共分5章：
第一章绪论。介绍了当前国内外电力远程监测技术的现状，并以一种常见的电力远程监测系统为例，分析了现有电力远程监测系统中普遍存在的弊端。
第二章简要介绍了基于CAN总线的电力远程监测系统主站、集中器、采集单元、采集模块和采集终端等各组成部分，介绍了系统的上层星型MODEM通信信道、中层CAN总线通信信道和底层RS-485总线通信信道，对系统的软件平台、通信协议、系统的远程监测功能及该系统的特点进行了概述性的介绍。
第三章分析了以Intel 16位单片机80C196KC为核心的集中器的设计原理，详细介绍集中器的硬、软件设计，给出了实际电路原理图和软件流程图。
第四章介绍了CAN总线节点电路的设计方法和基于CAN总线的分布式测控网络的组建方法，详细论述了增强模式下CAN总线分布式测控网络实现点名和广播通信的原理与方法，深入探讨了CAN控制器SJA1000位定时参数的计算方法，总结了作者在设计CAN总线通信系统的过程中遇到和解决的几个关键问题。
第五章介绍了基于CAN总线的电力远程监测系统的运行情况，总结了本文工作的不足之处，探讨了电力远程监测技术的三个发展方向。
Remote monitoring is the key technique to realize automatic management of electric power system. This paper summarizes the current technologies in the domain of electric power remote monitoring, sums up their advantages and disadvantages, puts forward and develops a novel electric power remote monitoring system based on CAN-BUS, which has the strongpoint of long distance and high speed of communication, better real-time monitoring and easy to connect to network. The working principle of concentrator and the method of CAN-BUS communication are the two emphases of this paper.
The paper consists of 5 chapters:
The first chapter is the foreword, which introduces the current technologies status of electric power remote monitoring, and analyses their ubiquitous deficiencies by use of an example of a common electric power remote monitoring system.
The second chapter presents the system main station, concentrator, acquisition unit, acquisition module and acquisition terminal, which all are the main parts of electric power remote monitoring system based on CAN-BUS. This chapter also introduces the system's top, middle and bottom communication channel, where the top channel is star-type used MODEM via telephone network, the middle is CAN-BUS, while the bottom RS-485 BUS. The paper refers briefly to the system's software,communication protocol, remote monitoring function and characteristic.
The next chapter analyses the principle of concentrator, which key part is Intel 16 bit microcontroller 80C196KC, demonstrates explicitly the design of concentrator and gives the hardware schematics and software flow chats of the system.
The fourth chapter introduces the circuit design method of CAN-BUS node, as well as the technique of structuring distributing-type CAN-BUS measuring and controlling network, explains thoroughly how to realize CAN calling and broadcasting communication under PeliCAN mode, and discusses detailedly the computational technique of bit-timing parameter of CAN controller SJA1000. The latter part of this chapter points out several important problems confronted and solved by the author in the course of designing CAN-BUS communication system.
The last chapter presents the operating results of the electric power remote monitoring system based on CAN-BUS, summarizes the deficiencies of the paper, and forecast three prospects of electric power remote monitoring technology.
论文共分5章：
第一章绪论。介绍了当前国内外电力远程监测技术的现状，并以一种常见的电力远程监测系统为例，分析了现有电力远程监测系统中普遍存在的弊端。
第二章简要介绍了基于CAN总线的电力远程监测系统主站、集中器、采集单元、采集模块和采集终端等各组成部分，介绍了系统的上层星型MODEM通信信道、中层CAN总线通信信道和底层RS-485总线通信信道，对系统的软件平台、通信协议、系统的远程监测功能及该系统的特点进行了概述性的介绍。
第三章分析了以Intel 16位单片机80C196KC为核心的集中器的设计原理，详细介绍集中器的硬、软件设计，给出了实际电路原理图和软件流程图。
第四章介绍了CAN总线节点电路的设计方法和基于CAN总线的分布式测控网络的组建方法，详细论述了增强模式下CAN总线分布式测控网络实现点名和广播通信的原理与方法，深入探讨了CAN控制器SJA1000位定时参数的计算方法，总结了作者在设计CAN总线通信系统的过程中遇到和解决的几个关键问题。
第五章介绍了基于CAN总线的电力远程监测系统的运行情况，总结了本文工作的不足之处，探讨了电力远程监测技术的三个发展方向。
Remote monitoring is the key technique to realize automatic management of electric power system. This paper summarizes the current technologies in the domain of electric power remote monitoring, sums up their advantages and disadvantages, puts forward and develops a novel electric power remote monitoring system based on CAN-BUS, which has the strongpoint of long distance and high speed of communication, better real-time monitoring and easy to connect to network. The working principle of concentrator and the method of CAN-BUS communication are the two emphases of this paper.
The paper consists of 5 chapters:
The first chapter is the foreword, which introduces the current technologies status of electric power remote monitoring, and analyses their ubiquitous deficiencies by use of an example of a common electric power remote monitoring system.
The second chapter presents the system main station, concentrator, acquisition unit, acquisition module and acquisition terminal, which all are the main parts of electric power remote monitoring system based on CAN-BUS. This chapter also introduces the system's top, middle and bottom communication channel, where the top channel is star-type used MODEM via telephone network, the middle is CAN-BUS, while the bottom RS-485 BUS. The paper refers briefly to the system's software,communication protocol, remote monitoring function and characteristic.
The next chapter analyses the principle of concentrator, which key part is Intel 16 bit microcontroller 80C196KC, demonstrates explicitly the design of concentrator and gives the hardware schematics and software flow chats of the system.
The fourth chapter introduces the circuit design method of CAN-BUS node, as well as the technique of structuring distributing-type CAN-BUS measuring and controlling network, explains thoroughly how to realize CAN calling and broadcasting communication under PeliCAN mode, and discusses detailedly the computational technique of bit-timing parameter of CAN controller SJA1000. The latter part of this chapter points out several important problems confronted and solved by the author in the course of designing CAN-BUS communication system.
The last chapter presents the operating results of the electric power remote monitoring system based on CAN-BUS, summarizes the deficiencies of the paper, and forecast three prospects of electric power remote monitoring technology.
引文
[1] 李治，黄璐，赵伟．利用其它领域成果 推动自动抄表进步．电测与仪表，2001．11：5-9，37
[2] 张恺，李祥珍，张晶，郝为民．自动抄表系统应用模式的探讨．电测与仪表，2001．5：41-45
[3] 杨宏业，张跃，吕芳．自动抄表系统中通信方案的现状与展望，电测与仪表，2001．8：8-11，34
[4] 邓文，赵伟，顾锦源，胡生．电能自动抄表技术及相关思考．电测与仪表，2001．1：5-8，50
[5] 吴斌，赵学增，张绍卿，孙永顺．基于配电网的自动抄表技术．电测与仪表，2001．4：13-15，48
[6] 梁玉泉．低压电力线通信技术的发展及应用．电测与仪表，2001．6：25-28
[7] 湖南省电力公司办公室．湖南省电力公司配电变压器自动抄表系统技术要求．湖南省电力公司文件湘电公司用[2001]593号，2001．8．20
[8] Texas Instruments: SN65LBC184, SN75LBC184 DIFFERENTIAL TRANSCEIVER WITH TRANSIENT VOLTAGE SUPPRESSION, 1996
[9] 徐迎辉．提高485总线在消防产品应用中的可靠性．力源电子工程，1999．3：10，11，13
[10] 蔡祥荣．RS-485总线应用中的几个问题[J]．力源电子工程，2001．2：15-17
[11] 徐继红．提高RS-485网络可靠性的若干措施[J]．今日电子，2001．1：17-20
[12] 吴杰康，龙军．基于MODEM的单片机与PC机间的远程通信．国外电子元器件，2001．4：64-66
[13] Philips Semiconductors: Data Sheet SJA1000, April 1997
[14] Philips Semiconductors: Data Sheet PCA82C250, September 1994
[15] Philips Semiconductors: Data Sheet PCA82C251, October 1995
[16] Philips Semiconductors: SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN controller, Application Note AN97076, 1997
[17] Philips Semiconductors: Determination of Bit Timing Parameters for the CAN Controller SJA1000, Application Note AN96116, 1996
[18] Philips Semiconductors: PCA82C250/251, Application Note AN96116, 1996
[19] Philips Semiconductors: Data Sheet PCx82C200, November 1992
[20] Philips Semiconductors: Data Handbook IC18, Semiconductors for In-car Electronics 1996
[21] Philips Semiconductors: Data Handbook IC20, 80C51-Based 8-bit Microcontrollers 1997
[22] Honeywell Inc.: Smart Distributed System, Physical Layer Specification.
[23] International Standardization Organization: Road Vehicles-Interchange of digital information-Controller area network (CAN) for high-speed communication, ISO11898, 1993
[24] Open Device Net Vendor Association Inc.: Device Net Specification.Volume Ⅰ, Release 1.3, December 1995
[25] 4th International CAN Conference: Hank, P.Peli CAN: A New CAN Controller Supporting Diagnosis and System Optimization, Berlin, Germany, October 1997
[26] Philips Semiconductors: CAN Specification Version 2.0, Part A and B, 1992
[27] www.cia.com:CAN Physical Layer
[28] www.zlgmcu.com: SJA1000独立CAN控制器
[29] 孙涵芳．Intel 16位单片机．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
[30] 何立民．MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计系统配置与接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1990
[31] 王幸之，王雷，翟成，王闪等．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[32] 周航慈．单片机应用程序设计技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1990
[33] 李华．MCS-51系列单片机使用接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1993
[34] 王福瑞．单片微机测控系统设计大全．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1998
[35] 邬宽明．CAN总线原理和应用系统设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1996
[36] (美)Mark H.Walker著，前导工作室译．Visio 2000技术大全．北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[37] 张友德，赵志英，涂时亮．单片微型机原理、应用与实验．上海：复旦大学出版社，1992
[38] 李朝青．PC机及单片机数据通信技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2001
[39] 清源计算机工作室．Protel 99 SE电路设计与仿真．北京：机械工业出版社，2001
[40] 老虎工作室 高鹏，安涛，寇怀成．电路设计与制版——Protel 99入门与提高．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
[41] 齐怀应，卢锦．高级逻辑器件与设计．北京：电子工业出版社，1996
[42] 蒋璇，臧春华．数字系统设计与PLD应用技术．北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[43] 中国仪器仪表学会电磁测量信息处理仪器分会．自动抄表技术的发展状况．电测与仪表，2001．10：5-9
[44] 虞日跃，史洪源．RS-485总线的理论与实践[J]．电子技术应用，2001．11：55-57
[45] 张晓卫，陈隆道．串行通信中定时大批量数据传输的编程技术．电测与仪表，2001．5：47-49
[46] 湖南省威胜电子公司．全电子式多功能三相交流电能表数据通信协议 V1.0/V2.0/V3.0/V4.0/V4.1，2001
[47] 中华人民共和国国家经济贸易委员会．低压电力用户集中抄表系统技术条件．中华人民共和国电力行业标准 DL/T698—1999，2000．7．1
[48] 成继勋．CAN总线物理层协议．北京：CIAC'2001论文，2001
[2] 张恺，李祥珍，张晶，郝为民．自动抄表系统应用模式的探讨．电测与仪表，2001．5：41-45
[3] 杨宏业，张跃，吕芳．自动抄表系统中通信方案的现状与展望，电测与仪表，2001．8：8-11，34
[4] 邓文，赵伟，顾锦源，胡生．电能自动抄表技术及相关思考．电测与仪表，2001．1：5-8，50
[5] 吴斌，赵学增，张绍卿，孙永顺．基于配电网的自动抄表技术．电测与仪表，2001．4：13-15，48
[6] 梁玉泉．低压电力线通信技术的发展及应用．电测与仪表，2001．6：25-28
[7] 湖南省电力公司办公室．湖南省电力公司配电变压器自动抄表系统技术要求．湖南省电力公司文件湘电公司用[2001]593号，2001．8．20
[8] Texas Instruments: SN65LBC184, SN75LBC184 DIFFERENTIAL TRANSCEIVER WITH TRANSIENT VOLTAGE SUPPRESSION, 1996
[9] 徐迎辉．提高485总线在消防产品应用中的可靠性．力源电子工程，1999．3：10，11，13
[10] 蔡祥荣．RS-485总线应用中的几个问题[J]．力源电子工程，2001．2：15-17
[11] 徐继红．提高RS-485网络可靠性的若干措施[J]．今日电子，2001．1：17-20
[12] 吴杰康，龙军．基于MODEM的单片机与PC机间的远程通信．国外电子元器件，2001．4：64-66
[13] Philips Semiconductors: Data Sheet SJA1000, April 1997
[14] Philips Semiconductors: Data Sheet PCA82C250, September 1994
[15] Philips Semiconductors: Data Sheet PCA82C251, October 1995
[16] Philips Semiconductors: SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN controller, Application Note AN97076, 1997
[17] Philips Semiconductors: Determination of Bit Timing Parameters for the CAN Controller SJA1000, Application Note AN96116, 1996
[18] Philips Semiconductors: PCA82C250/251, Application Note AN96116, 1996
[19] Philips Semiconductors: Data Sheet PCx82C200, November 1992
[20] Philips Semiconductors: Data Handbook IC18, Semiconductors for In-car Electronics 1996
[21] Philips Semiconductors: Data Handbook IC20, 80C51-Based 8-bit Microcontrollers 1997
[22] Honeywell Inc.: Smart Distributed System, Physical Layer Specification.
[23] International Standardization Organization: Road Vehicles-Interchange of digital information-Controller area network (CAN) for high-speed communication, ISO11898, 1993
[24] Open Device Net Vendor Association Inc.: Device Net Specification.Volume Ⅰ, Release 1.3, December 1995
[25] 4th International CAN Conference: Hank, P.Peli CAN: A New CAN Controller Supporting Diagnosis and System Optimization, Berlin, Germany, October 1997
[26] Philips Semiconductors: CAN Specification Version 2.0, Part A and B, 1992
[27] www.cia.com:CAN Physical Layer
[28] www.zlgmcu.com: SJA1000独立CAN控制器
[29] 孙涵芳．Intel 16位单片机．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
[30] 何立民．MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计系统配置与接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1990
[31] 王幸之，王雷，翟成，王闪等．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[32] 周航慈．单片机应用程序设计技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1990
[33] 李华．MCS-51系列单片机使用接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1993
[34] 王福瑞．单片微机测控系统设计大全．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1998
[35] 邬宽明．CAN总线原理和应用系统设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1996
[36] (美)Mark H.Walker著，前导工作室译．Visio 2000技术大全．北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[37] 张友德，赵志英，涂时亮．单片微型机原理、应用与实验．上海：复旦大学出版社，1992
[38] 李朝青．PC机及单片机数据通信技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2001
[39] 清源计算机工作室．Protel 99 SE电路设计与仿真．北京：机械工业出版社，2001
[40] 老虎工作室 高鹏，安涛，寇怀成．电路设计与制版——Protel 99入门与提高．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
[41] 齐怀应，卢锦．高级逻辑器件与设计．北京：电子工业出版社，1996
[42] 蒋璇，臧春华．数字系统设计与PLD应用技术．北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[43] 中国仪器仪表学会电磁测量信息处理仪器分会．自动抄表技术的发展状况．电测与仪表，2001．10：5-9
[44] 虞日跃，史洪源．RS-485总线的理论与实践[J]．电子技术应用，2001．11：55-57
[45] 张晓卫，陈隆道．串行通信中定时大批量数据传输的编程技术．电测与仪表，2001．5：47-49
[46] 湖南省威胜电子公司．全电子式多功能三相交流电能表数据通信协议 V1.0/V2.0/V3.0/V4.0/V4.1，2001
[47] 中华人民共和国国家经济贸易委员会．低压电力用户集中抄表系统技术条件．中华人民共和国电力行业标准 DL/T698—1999，2000．7．1
[48] 成继勋．CAN总线物理层协议．北京：CIAC'2001论文，2001
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