彩色打印色域匹配的优化技术
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摘要
色域匹配是提高设备颜色再现能力的一项关键技术。本文在分析现有色域匹配技术的基础上，针对其采用的抽象颜色空间非完全均匀、缺乏对习惯色的研究、以及如何选择最佳映射参考点等问题，提出了若干解决方法。在获取整体色域外壳与色域剖面对比图的基础上，设计并实现了自适应压缩匹配算法，该算法按彩度最大点位置确定映射参考点的明度值，具有自适应性，可有效减小最坏子域的匹配失真。提出了基于色域几何特征的裁剪匹配算法，通过有效地利用色域几何特征，提高了颜色再现精度，同时减小了对图象进行匹配处理所需的时间。改进了肤色不变色域匹配算法，对肤色所在子域进行变内核处理，进一步提高了肤色再现质量。为验证新算法的有效性，提出主、客观的评价方法，对新算法与现有算法进行了比较。
Color gamut mapping is a key technology to improve the color reproduction ability of devices. Because there are some problems in gamut mapping technology, such as: the CIE L*A*B* is not a perceptually uniform color space, the knowledge of custom colors is not sufficient, and how to select the anchor point is very important, we propose some ideas to solve these problems. On the basis of getting the gamut shells and gamut sections, an adaptive compression mapping method is designed and realized. The method's anchor point is selected according to the maximum chroma point of printer gamut, so the mapping distortion could be decreased to some extent in the maximum distortion subregions. A new mapping method, which is based on the geometric characteristics of the gamut of monitor and printer, is also presented. The method improves the accuracy of the color reproduction and reduces the consuming time. The method preserving flesh tone contents is mended. The flesh tone subregion is processed with changing kernel of gamut, so the mended method improves the reproduction quality of flesh tone content. To validate the new methods, the way of observing appearance of color images and color difference formulae are used to compare the new methods with present methods.
Color gamut mapping is a key technology to improve the color reproduction ability of devices. Because there are some problems in gamut mapping technology, such as: the CIE L*A*B* is not a perceptually uniform color space, the knowledge of custom colors is not sufficient, and how to select the anchor point is very important, we propose some ideas to solve these problems. On the basis of getting the gamut shells and gamut sections, an adaptive compression mapping method is designed and realized. The method's anchor point is selected according to the maximum chroma point of printer gamut, so the mapping distortion could be decreased to some extent in the maximum distortion subregions. A new mapping method, which is based on the geometric characteristics of the gamut of monitor and printer, is also presented. The method improves the accuracy of the color reproduction and reduces the consuming time. The method preserving flesh tone contents is mended. The flesh tone subregion is processed with changing kernel of gamut, so the mended method improves the reproduction quality of flesh tone content. To validate the new methods, the way of observing appearance of color images and color difference formulae are used to compare the new methods with present methods.
引文
[1].William E.Wallace Maureen C.Stone. Gamut mapping computer generated imagery. SPIE, 1991, Vol.1460: pp 20-28
[2].Ronald S.Gertile. Putting the "system" in color management system. SPIE, 1994,Vol.2170: pp 125-132
[3]．汤顺清．色度学．北京理工大学出版社，1990：pp1-2
[4]．大田 登(日) 刘中本 色彩工学 陕西 西安交通大学出版社 1997．Pp41～50
[5]．汤顺青 色度学 北京理工大学出版社 1990．pp 34～41
[6]．大田 登(日) 刘中本 色彩工学 陕西 西安交通大学出版社 1997．PP：120
[7].David Q.McDowell. Graphic arts color standards update—1997. SPIE. 1997. Vol.3018. 0277-786.pp.148-155
[8].Shoji Suzuki. Masayoshi Shimizu. Satoshi Semba. High-accuyacy Color Reproduction (Color Management Systems). FUJITSU Sci. Tech. J., December 1999,35,2,pp:240-247
[9].John J.McCann. Color Gamut Measurements and Mapping: The Role of Color Spaces. SPIE January 1999. Vol.3648.0277-786.pp:68-75
[10].Maureen C.Stone, William B. Cowan,John C. Beatty. Color Gamut Mapping and the Printing of Digital Color Images. ACM transactions on Graphics. Vol. 7,No. 4.October 1988.pp.249-292
[11].R. S. Gentile. E, Walowit,and J. P. Allebach. A comparison of techniques for color gamut mismatch compensation. Journal of imaging technology.Vol. 16,Number 5.Oct. 1990.pp.176-181
[12].Patrick G. Herzog and Michael Müller. Gamut mapping using an Analytical color gamut representation. SPIE. Vol. 3018.pp. 117-128
[13].M.R. Luo, G.Cui, B.Rigg, Derivation of a rotation function for the new CIE colour difference formula, Proc. Of Colour and Visual Scales 2000,2000
[14].M.R.Luo, G. Cui, B.Rigg, Further improvements to the CIELAB based colour difference formulae, Colour Research and Application, presented,2000
[15]．贾兴申．与设备无关彩色管理技术研究．西安电子科技大学硕士论文．1999年1月
[16].Minghui Xia, Eli Saber, A. Murat Tekalp,and Gaurav Sharma. Adaptive color rendering for images containing flesh tone content. SPIE.Vol. 3300.pp. 173-181
[17].ICC Profile Specification. Version 3.4-August 15,1997, International Color Consortium
[18].Patrick G. Herzg and Micheal Muller. Gamut Mapping Using an Analytical Color
Gamut Representation. Proc. SPIE, 1997, Vol.3018:117-128
[19] . William B.Cowam, John C.Beatty. Color Gamut Mapping and the Printing of Digital Color images. ACM Transactions on Graphics, October 1998, Vol.7, No 4:249-292
[20] . Masahiko Ito, Naoya Katoh. Three-dimensional Gamut Mapping Using Various Color Difference Formulae and Color Spaces. SPIE, 1999,Vol.3648:83-92
[21] . Shoji Suzuki, Masayoshi Shimizu, Satoshi Semba. High-accuracy Color Reproduction (Color Management Systems). FUJITSU Sci. Tech. J., Decmber 1999． 35． 2:240-247
[22] . Chae-Soo Lee, Kyeong-Man Kim, Eung-Joo Lee, and Yeong-Ho Ha. Gamut mapping using variable anchor points. SPIE, 1999, Vol.3648:129-137
[23] . CIE Technical Report. METHODS TO DERIVE COLOUR DIFFERENCES FOR IMAGES DRAFT October 2000,Version 0． 4:16
[24] . Masahiko Ito, Naoya Katoh. Three-dimensional Gamut Mapping Using Various Color Difference Formulae and Color Spaces. SPIE, 1999,Vol.3648:83-92
[25] . M.Takagi, Y.Shimoda, ''Handbook of Image Analysis ", Tokyo University Press(in Japanese),(1995)
[26] . N.Katoh, M.Ito, "Gamut Mapping for Computer Generated Images(2) ", Proc.IS&T/SID's 4th Color Imaging Conf.,pp.l26-129,(1996)
[27] . John J.McCann. Color Gamut Measurements and Mapping: The Role of Color Spacs. SPIE,1999,Vol.3648:68-82
[28] .褚永刚.色彩匹配与控制技术研究.西安电子科技大学硕士论文. 2000． 1． pp:36
[29] . CIE Technical Report. METHODS TO DERIVE COLOUR DIFFERENCES FOR IMAGES DRAFT www.colour.org/tc8-02/cietc802v04． pdf October 2000, Version 0． 4:16
[30] .曾平,褚永刚,徐培培.一种面向打印的自适应匹配方法.
[2].Ronald S.Gertile. Putting the "system" in color management system. SPIE, 1994,Vol.2170: pp 125-132
[3]．汤顺清．色度学．北京理工大学出版社，1990：pp1-2
[4]．大田 登(日) 刘中本 色彩工学 陕西 西安交通大学出版社 1997．Pp41～50
[5]．汤顺青 色度学 北京理工大学出版社 1990．pp 34～41
[6]．大田 登(日) 刘中本 色彩工学 陕西 西安交通大学出版社 1997．PP：120
[7].David Q.McDowell. Graphic arts color standards update—1997. SPIE. 1997. Vol.3018. 0277-786.pp.148-155
[8].Shoji Suzuki. Masayoshi Shimizu. Satoshi Semba. High-accuyacy Color Reproduction (Color Management Systems). FUJITSU Sci. Tech. J., December 1999,35,2,pp:240-247
[9].John J.McCann. Color Gamut Measurements and Mapping: The Role of Color Spaces. SPIE January 1999. Vol.3648.0277-786.pp:68-75
[10].Maureen C.Stone, William B. Cowan,John C. Beatty. Color Gamut Mapping and the Printing of Digital Color Images. ACM transactions on Graphics. Vol. 7,No. 4.October 1988.pp.249-292
[11].R. S. Gentile. E, Walowit,and J. P. Allebach. A comparison of techniques for color gamut mismatch compensation. Journal of imaging technology.Vol. 16,Number 5.Oct. 1990.pp.176-181
[12].Patrick G. Herzog and Michael Müller. Gamut mapping using an Analytical color gamut representation. SPIE. Vol. 3018.pp. 117-128
[13].M.R. Luo, G.Cui, B.Rigg, Derivation of a rotation function for the new CIE colour difference formula, Proc. Of Colour and Visual Scales 2000,2000
[14].M.R.Luo, G. Cui, B.Rigg, Further improvements to the CIELAB based colour difference formulae, Colour Research and Application, presented,2000
[15]．贾兴申．与设备无关彩色管理技术研究．西安电子科技大学硕士论文．1999年1月
[16].Minghui Xia, Eli Saber, A. Murat Tekalp,and Gaurav Sharma. Adaptive color rendering for images containing flesh tone content. SPIE.Vol. 3300.pp. 173-181
[17].ICC Profile Specification. Version 3.4-August 15,1997, International Color Consortium
[18].Patrick G. Herzg and Micheal Muller. Gamut Mapping Using an Analytical Color
Gamut Representation. Proc. SPIE, 1997, Vol.3018:117-128
[19] . William B.Cowam, John C.Beatty. Color Gamut Mapping and the Printing of Digital Color images. ACM Transactions on Graphics, October 1998, Vol.7, No 4:249-292
[20] . Masahiko Ito, Naoya Katoh. Three-dimensional Gamut Mapping Using Various Color Difference Formulae and Color Spaces. SPIE, 1999,Vol.3648:83-92
[21] . Shoji Suzuki, Masayoshi Shimizu, Satoshi Semba. High-accuracy Color Reproduction (Color Management Systems). FUJITSU Sci. Tech. J., Decmber 1999． 35． 2:240-247
[22] . Chae-Soo Lee, Kyeong-Man Kim, Eung-Joo Lee, and Yeong-Ho Ha. Gamut mapping using variable anchor points. SPIE, 1999, Vol.3648:129-137
[23] . CIE Technical Report. METHODS TO DERIVE COLOUR DIFFERENCES FOR IMAGES DRAFT October 2000,Version 0． 4:16
[24] . Masahiko Ito, Naoya Katoh. Three-dimensional Gamut Mapping Using Various Color Difference Formulae and Color Spaces. SPIE, 1999,Vol.3648:83-92
[25] . M.Takagi, Y.Shimoda, ''Handbook of Image Analysis ", Tokyo University Press(in Japanese),(1995)
[26] . N.Katoh, M.Ito, "Gamut Mapping for Computer Generated Images(2) ", Proc.IS&T/SID's 4th Color Imaging Conf.,pp.l26-129,(1996)
[27] . John J.McCann. Color Gamut Measurements and Mapping: The Role of Color Spacs. SPIE,1999,Vol.3648:68-82
[28] .褚永刚.色彩匹配与控制技术研究.西安电子科技大学硕士论文. 2000． 1． pp:36
[29] . CIE Technical Report. METHODS TO DERIVE COLOUR DIFFERENCES FOR IMAGES DRAFT www.colour.org/tc8-02/cietc802v04． pdf October 2000, Version 0． 4:16
[30] .曾平,褚永刚,徐培培.一种面向打印的自适应匹配方法.
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