计算机远程维护中的图像通信
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摘要
针对传统计算机现场维护所固有的费时、费力、费钱的缺点，通过网络对计算机应用系统进行维护将是技术发展的必然结果。计算机远程维护的关键技术是屏幕图像通信。本系统采用TCP／IP协议和客户机-服务器模式，通过网络传输计算机屏幕图像。本文将霍夫曼编码、算术编码、LZW算法等通用数据压缩技术应用到计算机屏幕图像压缩中，并提出了专门用于计算机屏幕图像压缩的矩形块图像压缩算法。该算法针对计算机屏幕图像的特点，根据区域基编码思想，先对屏幕图像进行分割，然后将分割后的各矩形图像块分别进行压缩。考虑到计算机远程维护的实际情况，进一步提出了矩形块分级编码算法。通过多幅典型计算机屏幕图像的压缩率比较，其结果表明在计算机屏幕图像压缩方面，该算法比其它几种常见压缩算法(如JPEG等)性能更优。本文还提出了用于屏幕图像帧间压缩的窗口对象这一概念，并设计了窗口对象编码方案。
The image communication of the screen of a computer is of great importance in the system of computer remote maintenance. The server-client mode based on the protocol of TCP/IP on Internet is adopted to transmit the information of the screen. In this paper, some common technologies of data compression and standards of image compression are analyzed, algorithms such as Huffman, LZW and arithmetic are implemented. An algorithm named Rectangle Image Block Compression is presented for the screen image compression. The algorithm of RIBC divides the screen image into segments based on the concept of Region-based. Then, the segments are compressed. An advanced algorithm of the scaled RIBC code is presented under the requirement of computer remote maintenance. As for the ratio of the compression, this algorithm is proved more efficient than the other algorithms in the compression of screen image. A software scheme of the object-code of windows is designed for the compression of inter-frame.
The image communication of the screen of a computer is of great importance in the system of computer remote maintenance. The server-client mode based on the protocol of TCP/IP on Internet is adopted to transmit the information of the screen. In this paper, some common technologies of data compression and standards of image compression are analyzed, algorithms such as Huffman, LZW and arithmetic are implemented. An algorithm named Rectangle Image Block Compression is presented for the screen image compression. The algorithm of RIBC divides the screen image into segments based on the concept of Region-based. Then, the segments are compressed. An advanced algorithm of the scaled RIBC code is presented under the requirement of computer remote maintenance. As for the ratio of the compression, this algorithm is proved more efficient than the other algorithms in the compression of screen image. A software scheme of the object-code of windows is designed for the compression of inter-frame.
引文
[1]Kenneth R. Castleman《Digital Image Processing Prentice》，清华大学出版社 1998年3月
[2]张娟，王海译《用TCP／IP进行网际互连——原理、协议和体系结构》 电子工业出版社 1998年7月
[3]林瑶，蒋慧，杜蔚轩等译《用TCP／IP进行网际互连——客户机服务器模式编程》 电子工业出版社 1998年4月
[4]Jerry D. Gibson, Toby Berger, Tom Lookabaugh,《Digital Compression for Multimedia Principles & Standards》，电子工业出版社2000年9月
[5]张明，龚惠民，金朝晖，“分割基图像编码算法中基于结构的标识提取方法”，通信学报2000年3月第21卷第3期pp92-96
[6]ZDNet China技术与开发 2001年10月14号
[7]杨勇，黄波，王桥，吴乐南，“一种基于内容表示的图像序列运动分割算法”，《通信学报》Vol．22 No．6，June 2001，pp102-106
[8]甘亚莉，库锡树，李国辉，“一种超低比特率图象压缩算法”，计算机工程与科学 Vol．23，No．2，pp40—43，February，2001
[9]王晖，张基宏，“图像边界检测的区域对比度模糊增强算法”，电子学报 Vol．28，No．1，pp45—47，Jan，2000
[10]Mark Nelson "LZW Data Compression" Dr. Dobb's Journal October, 1989
[11]Ziv J,Lempel A. "A universal algorithm for sequential data compression" IEEE Trans Inform Theory, 1977,IT 23:337～343
[12]J.Feng K.T. Lo H.Methrpour" Adaptive block matching algorithm for video compression" IEEE Image Signal Process .Vol.145 pp173-178,No 3.June 1998
[13]Z.Wang,Z.Chi and D.feng "Content-based image retrieval using blockconstrained fractal coding and nona-tree decomposition" IEEE Image Signal Process.Vol. 147,No 1.pp 10-15 February 2000
[14]Jia Wang,Wenjun Zhang and Songyu Yu "Wavelet coding method using small block DCT" ELECTRONICS LETTERS Vol.37 No. 10 pp627-620 May 2001
[15]Maria Petrou,Peixin Hou, Sei-ichiro Kamata "Region-Based Image Coding with Multiple Algorithms" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING,VOL.39,NO.3, pp562-570,MARCH 2001
[16]Shinji Tsuruoka, Kensuke Takao, "Region Segmentation for Table Image with Unknown Complex Structure" IEEE Trans VOL. 13, NO. 1, pp709-713, MARCH
2001
[17] Athanassios Skodras,Charilaos Christopoulos, and Touradj Ebrahimi "The JPEG 2000 Still Image Compression Standard" IEEE Image Signal Process, pp36-58 September 2001
[18] Marcelo J.Weinberger, " The LOCO-I Lossless Image Compression Algorithm : Principles and Standardization into JPEG-LS " IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING.VOL.9,N0． 8 pp 1309-1324 August 2000
[19] "Short MPEG-2 description" , ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 MPEGOO/Oct. 2000
[20] "Overview of the MPEG-4 Standard Executive Overview", ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N4030 March 2001
[21] " Overview of the MPEG-7 Standard Executive Overview", ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N4031 Singapore, March 2001
[22] Diego Santa-Cruz and Touradj Ebrahimi, "A Study of JPEG 2000 Still Image Coding Versus Other Standards" In Proc. Of the European Signal Processing Conference,vol.2． pp673-676
[23] Bo Tao "Gradient-Based Residual Variance Modeling and Its Applications to Motion-Compensated Video Coding" IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol.10, No.1, January 2001, pp24-35
[24] Jeffrey M.Gilbert, Robert W.Brodersen, "A Lossless 2-D Image Compression Technique for Synthetic Discrete-Tone Images" IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol.21, No.2, January 2000, pp1-10
[25] J. A. Storer and J. Reif, "Low-Cost Prevention of Error-Propagation for Data Compression with Dynamic Dictonaries" in Proc. Of the 1997 Data Cmpression Conference,March 1997． pp171-180
[26] Chiang S. Jao, Daniel B. Hier and Steven U.Brint, "The Display of Photographic-Quality Image on the Web: A Comparison of Two Technologies" IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, Vol.3, No.1, March 1999． pp70-74
[2]张娟，王海译《用TCP／IP进行网际互连——原理、协议和体系结构》 电子工业出版社 1998年7月
[3]林瑶，蒋慧，杜蔚轩等译《用TCP／IP进行网际互连——客户机服务器模式编程》 电子工业出版社 1998年4月
[4]Jerry D. Gibson, Toby Berger, Tom Lookabaugh,《Digital Compression for Multimedia Principles & Standards》，电子工业出版社2000年9月
[5]张明，龚惠民，金朝晖，“分割基图像编码算法中基于结构的标识提取方法”，通信学报2000年3月第21卷第3期pp92-96
[6]ZDNet China技术与开发 2001年10月14号
[7]杨勇，黄波，王桥，吴乐南，“一种基于内容表示的图像序列运动分割算法”，《通信学报》Vol．22 No．6，June 2001，pp102-106
[8]甘亚莉，库锡树，李国辉，“一种超低比特率图象压缩算法”，计算机工程与科学 Vol．23，No．2，pp40—43，February，2001
[9]王晖，张基宏，“图像边界检测的区域对比度模糊增强算法”，电子学报 Vol．28，No．1，pp45—47，Jan，2000
[10]Mark Nelson "LZW Data Compression" Dr. Dobb's Journal October, 1989
[11]Ziv J,Lempel A. "A universal algorithm for sequential data compression" IEEE Trans Inform Theory, 1977,IT 23:337～343
[12]J.Feng K.T. Lo H.Methrpour" Adaptive block matching algorithm for video compression" IEEE Image Signal Process .Vol.145 pp173-178,No 3.June 1998
[13]Z.Wang,Z.Chi and D.feng "Content-based image retrieval using blockconstrained fractal coding and nona-tree decomposition" IEEE Image Signal Process.Vol. 147,No 1.pp 10-15 February 2000
[14]Jia Wang,Wenjun Zhang and Songyu Yu "Wavelet coding method using small block DCT" ELECTRONICS LETTERS Vol.37 No. 10 pp627-620 May 2001
[15]Maria Petrou,Peixin Hou, Sei-ichiro Kamata "Region-Based Image Coding with Multiple Algorithms" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING,VOL.39,NO.3, pp562-570,MARCH 2001
[16]Shinji Tsuruoka, Kensuke Takao, "Region Segmentation for Table Image with Unknown Complex Structure" IEEE Trans VOL. 13, NO. 1, pp709-713, MARCH
2001
[17] Athanassios Skodras,Charilaos Christopoulos, and Touradj Ebrahimi "The JPEG 2000 Still Image Compression Standard" IEEE Image Signal Process, pp36-58 September 2001
[18] Marcelo J.Weinberger, " The LOCO-I Lossless Image Compression Algorithm : Principles and Standardization into JPEG-LS " IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING.VOL.9,N0． 8 pp 1309-1324 August 2000
[19] "Short MPEG-2 description" , ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 MPEGOO/Oct. 2000
[20] "Overview of the MPEG-4 Standard Executive Overview", ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N4030 March 2001
[21] " Overview of the MPEG-7 Standard Executive Overview", ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N4031 Singapore, March 2001
[22] Diego Santa-Cruz and Touradj Ebrahimi, "A Study of JPEG 2000 Still Image Coding Versus Other Standards" In Proc. Of the European Signal Processing Conference,vol.2． pp673-676
[23] Bo Tao "Gradient-Based Residual Variance Modeling and Its Applications to Motion-Compensated Video Coding" IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol.10, No.1, January 2001, pp24-35
[24] Jeffrey M.Gilbert, Robert W.Brodersen, "A Lossless 2-D Image Compression Technique for Synthetic Discrete-Tone Images" IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol.21, No.2, January 2000, pp1-10
[25] J. A. Storer and J. Reif, "Low-Cost Prevention of Error-Propagation for Data Compression with Dynamic Dictonaries" in Proc. Of the 1997 Data Cmpression Conference,March 1997． pp171-180
[26] Chiang S. Jao, Daniel B. Hier and Steven U.Brint, "The Display of Photographic-Quality Image on the Web: A Comparison of Two Technologies" IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, Vol.3, No.1, March 1999． pp70-74
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