宽带无源光网络的媒质接入控制协议设计
摘要
在国家骨干通信网建成之后，目前面临如何用这个骨干网随时随地为用户提供包括宽带业务在内的所需业务，这就是接入网需要解决的问题。在各种可能的接入方案中，长远看基于ATM的无源光接入网(APON)是最具市场潜力的接入方案，它支持宽带接入业务，业务透明，结合了ATM的多业务、多比特率技术和无源光接入网的宽带宽、低成本优势。
结合ATM技术的PON我们在第二章中进行了研究，讨论了APON的网络结构、分层模型和各组成单元等问题，设计了一个光分配网并提出了基于波分的时分复用接入技术方案。
APON是一个树形媒质共享网络，上行用户间信元在OLT处有可能发生碰撞。我们在本论文研究的重点就是设计一个媒质接入控制协议，使得用户上行信元有序到达OLT而不发生碰撞，同时保证各业务所要求的传输时延(TD)和信元时延抖动(CDV)。经过理论分析和计算机仿真，可以证明我们提出的双控制写入顺序读出媒质接入控制协议(D-MAC)是一个非常有效的，比典型的GlobalFIFOMAC协议具有更小的传输时延和信元时延抖动。
另外我们还设计了一个可以让多个用户共享同一ONU的交换式集线器。它允许多用户共享同一ONU并且其总带宽在用户间动态分配。交换式集线器在解决居民用户和小商业用户尽可能早地享受宽带服务提供了强有力的支持，能充分利用有些用户已有的局域网资源。
最后我们探讨了PON的发展趋势，认为多用户通过低价位、高性能的交换设备共享ONU的接入方式和WDM接入方式为今后有线接入的具有竞争力的接入方式。
Having built the national backbone communication network, how to provide the services including broadband service to users through it at anytime and anywhere is the subsequent important thing. In all kinds of alternatives, ATM based passive optical network(APON) has the most promising prospect, which supports broadband service and service transparency. In addition, it combines the advantages of multi-service and multi-bit rate capabilities of ATM and the advantages of wide bandwidth and low cost of PON.
We study the ATM based PON and discuss its network architecture, layered model and their components. An optical distribution network (ODN) used in APON is also designed. In addition, we bring forward a wavelength division based time division access technology.
APON is a tree-like medium-shared network, which has its own characteristics that employs a particular medium access control (MAC) protocol to avoid collision between cells from different terminals. Hence. We focus on study and design of medium access control (MAC) protocol used in APON. The MAC protocol must have excellent performance to certify as small transfer delay (TD) and cell delay variation (CDV) as possible to meet all kinds of services besides no collision between cells. By theory analysis and computer simulation, dual control write sequence read medium access control protocol (D-MAC) we bring forward works better than typical Global FIFO MAC protocol.
In order to let residential and small business customers enjoy all kinds of services that backbone network provides economically as early as possible, we design a switch HUB. This kind of switch HUB has characteristics such as dynamically allocating the whole bandwidth of one ONU between all users connecting the switch HUB, ability to connect Ethernet.
At last, we give a prospect of APON: multi users access the backbone network to get services they need by low cost, high performance switch equipment through existing local area network is a good way and WDM access technology will be another promising method.
结合ATM技术的PON我们在第二章中进行了研究，讨论了APON的网络结构、分层模型和各组成单元等问题，设计了一个光分配网并提出了基于波分的时分复用接入技术方案。
APON是一个树形媒质共享网络，上行用户间信元在OLT处有可能发生碰撞。我们在本论文研究的重点就是设计一个媒质接入控制协议，使得用户上行信元有序到达OLT而不发生碰撞，同时保证各业务所要求的传输时延(TD)和信元时延抖动(CDV)。经过理论分析和计算机仿真，可以证明我们提出的双控制写入顺序读出媒质接入控制协议(D-MAC)是一个非常有效的，比典型的GlobalFIFOMAC协议具有更小的传输时延和信元时延抖动。
另外我们还设计了一个可以让多个用户共享同一ONU的交换式集线器。它允许多用户共享同一ONU并且其总带宽在用户间动态分配。交换式集线器在解决居民用户和小商业用户尽可能早地享受宽带服务提供了强有力的支持，能充分利用有些用户已有的局域网资源。
最后我们探讨了PON的发展趋势，认为多用户通过低价位、高性能的交换设备共享ONU的接入方式和WDM接入方式为今后有线接入的具有竞争力的接入方式。
Having built the national backbone communication network, how to provide the services including broadband service to users through it at anytime and anywhere is the subsequent important thing. In all kinds of alternatives, ATM based passive optical network(APON) has the most promising prospect, which supports broadband service and service transparency. In addition, it combines the advantages of multi-service and multi-bit rate capabilities of ATM and the advantages of wide bandwidth and low cost of PON.
We study the ATM based PON and discuss its network architecture, layered model and their components. An optical distribution network (ODN) used in APON is also designed. In addition, we bring forward a wavelength division based time division access technology.
APON is a tree-like medium-shared network, which has its own characteristics that employs a particular medium access control (MAC) protocol to avoid collision between cells from different terminals. Hence. We focus on study and design of medium access control (MAC) protocol used in APON. The MAC protocol must have excellent performance to certify as small transfer delay (TD) and cell delay variation (CDV) as possible to meet all kinds of services besides no collision between cells. By theory analysis and computer simulation, dual control write sequence read medium access control protocol (D-MAC) we bring forward works better than typical Global FIFO MAC protocol.
In order to let residential and small business customers enjoy all kinds of services that backbone network provides economically as early as possible, we design a switch HUB. This kind of switch HUB has characteristics such as dynamically allocating the whole bandwidth of one ONU between all users connecting the switch HUB, ability to connect Ethernet.
At last, we give a prospect of APON: multi users access the backbone network to get services they need by low cost, high performance switch equipment through existing local area network is a good way and WDM access technology will be another promising method.
引文
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[3]、朱洪波等，《无线接入网》，人民邮电出版社，2000
[4]、宋廷宇等，“第二代高速数字用户线技术”，《电信技术》，2000(11)
[5]、张煦，“基于波分多路的光纤通信接入网”，《光通信技术》，2000(1)
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[7]、Yoshiki Kuhara, Yasushi Fujimura "Optical WDM Transceiver Module Using Wavelength-Selective Coupler and WDM-PD for Optical Access Networks" Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 15, No.4, April 1997
[8]、《单模光纤双窗口宽带树形分光器》，厦门安特光电子技术有限公司
[9]、J.D.Angelopoulos, I.S.Venieris, G.I.Stassinopoulos "A Class of MAC Protocols for Sharing ATM Local Access PONs" 1992, IEEE
[10]、J.D.Angelopoulos, I.S.Venieris, E.N.Protonotarios "A Distributed FIFO Spacer/Multiplexer for Access to Tree APONs" 1994, IEEE
[11]、F.Panken, Cblondia, O.Casals, J. Garcia "a MAC Protocol for an ATM PON Supporting Explicit Rate Congestion Control for ABR Traffic" 1998, IEEE
[12]、Babul Miah and Laurie Cuthbert. "An Economic ATM Passive Optical Network", IEEE, 1997
[13]、Jong-Won Kim "An optimized ATM-PON Based FTTH Access Network" International Conference on Information, Communication and Signal Processing ICICS'97 Singapore, 9-12 September 1997
[14]、J.D.Angelopoulos, I.S.Veniefis, G.I.Stassinopoulos "A Class of MAC Protocols for Sharing ATM Local Access PONs" 1992, IEEE
[15]、池灏等，“基于ATM的无源光网络的信元时延分析”，《浙江大学学报》(工学版)，Vol．35，Mar，2001
[16]、W. Verbiest, et al, FITL and B-ISDN: a marriage with a future, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol.31, No.6, June, 1993
[17]、李海燕，“ZXA10-PON传输系统在江西南丰的应用”
[18]、黄锡伟等，《宽带通信网络》，人民邮电出版社，北京，1998
[19]、Kyas．O．[美]，《ATM网络技术》，辛再甫等译，中国水利水电出版社，1998
[20]、韦乐平，“面向21世纪的宽带接入技术——以ATM为基础的无源光网络”，《电信科学》，1998，7
[21]、T. Chahed, et al, Native ATM versus IP over ATM: Comparative study, IEEE ATM Workshop, Proceedings 1999. 51-56
[22]、R. D. Doverspike, et al, Future transport network architectures, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol.37, No.8, Aug. 1999,. 96-101
[23]、E. Guarene, et al, IP and ATM integration perspectives, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol.36, No.1, Jan. 1998, 74-80
[24]、陈山枝，“思想碰撞的火花——从另一个角度谈IP与ATM”，《电信科学》，1999，4
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[26]、ITU-T Recommendation, I. 732, Functional characteristics of ATM equipment, March, 1996
[27]、U.Killat, editor. "Access to B-ISDN via PONs; ATM Communication in Practice". John Wiley & Sons Ltd & B.G.Teubner, 1996
[28]、《单模光纤双窗口宽带耦合器》，厦门安特光电子技术有限公司，www.eptek.com.cn
[29]、光收发合一模块，武汉邮科院
[30]、《光纤的应用及系统设计》，北京长光光纤网络设备有限责任公司 www.fibernet.com.cn
[31]、Rajiv Ramaswami, Kumar N. Sivarajan 《Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective》, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc. San Francisco, California
[32] Y. Maeda, "ATM-PON FTTH access networks and services", Conference on Optical Fiber Communication, Technical Digest Series, 1999, 3-5
[33]、T/rs, Z.Sun and B.G.Evans. "Analysis of Adaptive Random/Reservation MAC Protocol for ATM over Satellite", IEEE, 1998
[34]、T.rs, Z.Sun and B.G.Evans. "A MAC Protocol for ATM over Satellite", IEEE
[35]、Antonio Iera, Antonella Molinaro, Salvatore Marano, Gianluca Aloi. "A MAC
Protocol for ATM-Satellite Systems". IEEE, 1999
[36] 池灏，《宽带无源光网络介质访问控制协议研究与设计》，浙江大学博士论文，2001
[37] . Frans Panken, Jose-Maria Barcelo, Babul Miah and Steven Winstanley. "Investigations on Delay and CDV in an ATM-Based Optical Access Network" ,IEEE.
[38] . J.Roberts, U.Mocci, and J.Virtamo, editors. "Broadband Network Teletraffic, Final report of Action COST 242". Springer-Verlag, Vol. 1155． 1996．
[39] . T.Apel, C.Blondia, O.Casals, J.Garcia, and K.Uhde."Implementation and Performance Analysis of a Medium Access Control Protocol for an ATM Network". Proceedings Architecture and Protocols for High Speed Networks, pages 1-20, Dachstuhl Seminar 1993
[40] . F.J.M.Panken. "Performance Analysis of the Global FIFO MAC Protocol for APONs, Leading to Suggestions for Improvements". Proceeding of IEEE ICCS Singapore, pages 31-35, Voll/3 November 1996．
[41] . J.Garcia, C.Blondia, O.Casals, and F.Panken. "the Bundle-Spacer: a Cost Effective Alternative for Traffic Shaping in ATM Networks" Proceeding of IFIP Conference on Local and Metropolitan Communication Systems, Kyoto, December 1994
[42] . I.Gallagher, J.Balance, and J.Adams. "the Application of ATM Techniques to the Local Network". British Telecom Technoligical Journal Vol.7, No.2, pages 151-159, April 1989
[43] . M.Glade and H.Keller. "Novel Algorithm for Time Division Multiple Access in Broadband ISDN Passive Optical Network". International Journal of Digital and Analog Communication System, Vol4,pages55-62, 1993
[44] . Y.Okumura, K.Ohnishi, K.Nakanishi, and T.Kanada. "ATM-based Optical Access Network toward Multimedia era". Proc.IFIP/IEEE Broadband Communication, pages 573-583, Montreal, 1996
[45] . Mischa Schwartz. "Broadband integrated networks", Prentice Hall International Inc., 1998
[46] . M. W. Carert, "A Service Architecture for ATM: Forum application to scheduling", IEEE Networks Mag., Vol.10, No.3, May/June 1996
[47] . I. R. Cooper, M.A. Bramhall, "ATM passive optical networks and integrated
VDSL", IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol.38, No.3, March 2000, 174-179
[48]、L. D. Angelopoulos, et al, "A TDMA based access control scheme for APON's", J. Lightwave Technology, Vol. 11, No.5/6, May/June 1993, 1093-1103
[49]、O.Casals, J. Garcia, and C.Blondia, "A MAC Protocol for a Passive Optical Network with Traffic Spacing", Proc.4th IFIP Conf. High Perf. Network, 1993
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