面对WTO完善与重构我国外资立法
摘要
作为发展中国家，引进外资对我国当前的经济发展显得尤为重要。特别是我国正处在“入世”的关键时期，如何抓住“入世”的契机，完善我国的外资立法，为引进外资创造一个良好的法制环境，成为法学界关注的热点。本文拟在分析WTO规则的基础上，剖析我国外资立法的不足，探讨使其完善的途径。
我国现行外资法采用外商投资企业的专门立法构成关于外资的基本法群，并辅之以其它相关法律来调整外资关系的立法模式。主要包括宪法，关于外国投资的单行法律法规，各种地方性法规和签订的国际条约。
WTO法律规则主要包括《与贸易有关的投资措施协议》(即《TRIMs协议》)、《服务贸易总协定》等几个重要协议，其中体现了最惠国待遇原则、国民待遇原则、促进公平竞争原则、透明度原则等几项重要原则。而我国外资法在国民待遇，外资准入和透明度等方面与WTO规则的要求皆存在着一定的差距。
要完善我国的外资立法，使之与WTO的规则接轨，应从重构我国外资立法系入手，规范立法权限，增强法律透明度；摒弃过时的立法本位，重新选择立法模式。在外资法内容上应确立外资的国民待遇原则；重新调整外资的市场准入规定，并积极利用WTO中有关例外和减免义务规定。
在这些原则的指导下，我国的外资立法将发生巨大的变化，达到一个更高的水平。
As a developing country, to import foreign capital is very important for our current economic development. Particularly, we are at a critical moment of joining in WTO, how to seize the moment of joining in WTO and how to improve our legislation of foreign capital to create favorable circumstances of legal system for importing foreign capital has become a hotspot in the circle of jurisprudence. This essay's purpose is on the base of analyzing the regulation of WTO, to dissect the insufficiencies of our foreign investment law and to probe into the way of improving it.
The legislative mode of our current foreign investment law is to use special legislation of foreign investment enterprise to constitute the basic law groups assisted by other relative laws. These laws include the constitution, special regulations of foreign investment, various local laws and appraisable international treaty.
The law and regulation of WTO mainly include the Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (that is Agreement on TRIMs), the General Agreement on Trade Services and some other important agreements. Among these agreements, we can see the principle of most-favored nation treatment, the principle of national treatment, the principle of encouraging fair competition, the principle of open politics and other important principles. But our Foreign Investment Law has some disparities on the national treatment, admission of foreign investment and the open politics with the regulation of WTO.
To improve our foreign investment law and to make it come close to the regulation of WTO, we should start to reform the system of our foreign investment law, to standard the legislative competence, to improve the open politics of law, to abandon the out-of-date standard of legislation and to re-choose the mode of legislation. On the contents of foreign investment law, we should also establish the principle of national treatment of foreign investment, re-adjust the regulation of the admission of foreign investment and actively take advantage of the regulation on the exceptions and how to mitigate duty of WTO.
Under the guidance of these principles, our foreign investment will have an immense change and will achieve a higher level.
我国现行外资法采用外商投资企业的专门立法构成关于外资的基本法群，并辅之以其它相关法律来调整外资关系的立法模式。主要包括宪法，关于外国投资的单行法律法规，各种地方性法规和签订的国际条约。
WTO法律规则主要包括《与贸易有关的投资措施协议》(即《TRIMs协议》)、《服务贸易总协定》等几个重要协议，其中体现了最惠国待遇原则、国民待遇原则、促进公平竞争原则、透明度原则等几项重要原则。而我国外资法在国民待遇，外资准入和透明度等方面与WTO规则的要求皆存在着一定的差距。
要完善我国的外资立法，使之与WTO的规则接轨，应从重构我国外资立法系入手，规范立法权限，增强法律透明度；摒弃过时的立法本位，重新选择立法模式。在外资法内容上应确立外资的国民待遇原则；重新调整外资的市场准入规定，并积极利用WTO中有关例外和减免义务规定。
在这些原则的指导下，我国的外资立法将发生巨大的变化，达到一个更高的水平。
As a developing country, to import foreign capital is very important for our current economic development. Particularly, we are at a critical moment of joining in WTO, how to seize the moment of joining in WTO and how to improve our legislation of foreign capital to create favorable circumstances of legal system for importing foreign capital has become a hotspot in the circle of jurisprudence. This essay's purpose is on the base of analyzing the regulation of WTO, to dissect the insufficiencies of our foreign investment law and to probe into the way of improving it.
The legislative mode of our current foreign investment law is to use special legislation of foreign investment enterprise to constitute the basic law groups assisted by other relative laws. These laws include the constitution, special regulations of foreign investment, various local laws and appraisable international treaty.
The law and regulation of WTO mainly include the Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (that is Agreement on TRIMs), the General Agreement on Trade Services and some other important agreements. Among these agreements, we can see the principle of most-favored nation treatment, the principle of national treatment, the principle of encouraging fair competition, the principle of open politics and other important principles. But our Foreign Investment Law has some disparities on the national treatment, admission of foreign investment and the open politics with the regulation of WTO.
To improve our foreign investment law and to make it come close to the regulation of WTO, we should start to reform the system of our foreign investment law, to standard the legislative competence, to improve the open politics of law, to abandon the out-of-date standard of legislation and to re-choose the mode of legislation. On the contents of foreign investment law, we should also establish the principle of national treatment of foreign investment, re-adjust the regulation of the admission of foreign investment and actively take advantage of the regulation on the exceptions and how to mitigate duty of WTO.
Under the guidance of these principles, our foreign investment will have an immense change and will achieve a higher level.
引文
[1]姚梅镇 《国际投资法》武汉大学出版社 1987年修订版
[2]卢炯星 《WTO与我国外商投资法面临的挑战几对策》《中国法学》 2000年第4期
[3]曹建明、贺小勇 《加入WTO与我国对外经贸立法》《中国法学》 2000年第1期
[4]徐菁 《加入WTO与我国外资法的完善》《法学》 2001年第1期
[5]宋锡祥 《论加入WTO对我国外资法的影响》《外国经济与管理》 2000年第6期
[6]江艳冰 《TRIMS协定与我国外资立法》《国际经贸探索》 1999年第6期
[7]徐崇利 《外资准入的晚近发展趋势与我国的立法实践》《中国法学》 1996年第5期
[8]曾文革 《论我国外资立法发展方向的几个问题》《现代法学》 1998年第2期
[9]杜惟毅 《论我国外商投资企业法的重构与革新》《河北经贸大学学报》 2000年第3期
[10]高双 高惠 《外商投资企业在中国的国民待遇》《当代法学》 2000年第1期
[11]王晓华 《WTO对经济法产生影响》《中国纺织报》 2000年第6期
[12]种及灵 《外资政策与外资立法的完善》《现代法学》 1996年第4期
[13]沈木珠 《完善中国外商投资企业法的若干建议》《政治与法律》 1997年第2期
[14]蔡奕 《论我国外资立法体系的重构》《法学》 2000年第5期
[15]李文柱 《WTO与我国经济法制建设》 北大法律信息网 2001年
[16]慕亚平 黄勇 《协议>对国际投资法和我国外资法的影响》 北大法律信息网 2001年蔡奕
[2]卢炯星 《WTO与我国外商投资法面临的挑战几对策》《中国法学》 2000年第4期
[3]曹建明、贺小勇 《加入WTO与我国对外经贸立法》《中国法学》 2000年第1期
[4]徐菁 《加入WTO与我国外资法的完善》《法学》 2001年第1期
[5]宋锡祥 《论加入WTO对我国外资法的影响》《外国经济与管理》 2000年第6期
[6]江艳冰 《TRIMS协定与我国外资立法》《国际经贸探索》 1999年第6期
[7]徐崇利 《外资准入的晚近发展趋势与我国的立法实践》《中国法学》 1996年第5期
[8]曾文革 《论我国外资立法发展方向的几个问题》《现代法学》 1998年第2期
[9]杜惟毅 《论我国外商投资企业法的重构与革新》《河北经贸大学学报》 2000年第3期
[10]高双 高惠 《外商投资企业在中国的国民待遇》《当代法学》 2000年第1期
[11]王晓华 《WTO对经济法产生影响》《中国纺织报》 2000年第6期
[12]种及灵 《外资政策与外资立法的完善》《现代法学》 1996年第4期
[13]沈木珠 《完善中国外商投资企业法的若干建议》《政治与法律》 1997年第2期
[14]蔡奕 《论我国外资立法体系的重构》《法学》 2000年第5期
[15]李文柱 《WTO与我国经济法制建设》 北大法律信息网 2001年
[16]慕亚平 黄勇 《
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