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玻璃钢—钢混合抽油杆柱动特性的计算机模拟
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摘要
目前有杆抽油方法仍居于首要地位。玻璃钢抽油杆由于密度小、
    重量轻,耐腐蚀而得到广泛应用,因此精确预测钢与玻璃钢混合杆在
    井下的动态行为,建立混合杆的动力学数学模型是目前急需解决的一
    大难题。
     本文采用有限元软件,对影响有杆抽油的主要部件-抽油杆的动特
    性进行了计算机模拟,主要研究内容如下:
     1.根据一维带阻尼、重力的波动方程,给出了详尽的有限元推导
    过程。
     2.用软件中的模态分析方法求解混合杆柱的固有频率,找到了玻
    璃钢所占比例及接箍集中质量与固有频率之间的定性关系。
     3.根据抽油机光杆运动方程,按不同时间区段模拟单级钢抽油杆
    柱的循环运动过程,绘制其计算机模拟的位移、速度、力及示功图曲
    线,并将它与实测示功图进行了对比,得到了较好的吻合效果,所得
    图形为确定合理的光杆形状及运动曲线和优化抽油机系统奠定基础。
     4.步骤同上,模拟同一工况下多级钢抽油杆和玻璃钢-钢混合抽
    油杆柱的循环过程,绘制相关曲线并进行对比,分析,得出一些重要
    结论,为正确选择抽油机、泵、杆参数提供了定性和定量的理论依据。
     本文的计算机模拟结果同实测结果能够较好的吻合,为设计抽油
    机、杆、泵系统,完善井下计算机诊断技术提供一条新的途径,具有
    一定的实用价值。
Rod pumping approach is in the dominant position now. The fiberglass sucker rod is widely used due to its small density, lightweight and corrosion resistance. Therefore predetermining the actual dynamic characteristics of steel and fiberglass combined sucker rod in a hole and establishing its dynamic mathematical model is a difficult problem to be solved urgently.
     Dynamic characteristics of combined rod are simulated by using finite element software in this paper, the detail contents are as follows:
     I According to the one dimension wave-motion with damping and gravity force, a detail finite element deduction process is given.
     2 Natural frequency is solved by using modal analysis and the qualitative relationship between natural frequency and the ratio of fiberglass in sucker rod is found.
     3 In light of the kinetic characteristic of the polished rod, its transient kinematic and dynamic characteristics are simulated at different periods of a cycle. It is found that the kinematic parameter and force vs. time curves and the related dynamometer are described accurately by comparing with the actual measurements. The dynamic characteristic and the force behavior will provide a basis for designing and optimizing pumping units.
     4 The dynamic process of multi-stage steel sucker rod, multi-stage fiberglass and steel sucker rod are simulated in the same work condition. Some important conclusions are obtained by analysis and comparing their relative curves. These results could provide qualitative and quantity theoretical foundation for selecting correct parameter of pumping unit.
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