嵌入式虚拟仪器中间件的研究与设计
|
摘要
随着嵌入式技术在虚拟仪器方面的应用逐渐增多,系统间协同工作也日益普遍,应用范围也更加广阔,涉及到多种语言、通信介质以及操作系统,软件开发往往要求在这些异构环境下运行。这时要实现协同工作,应用开发者不仅要关注具体的应用问题,还要花费大量精力了解底层特性,解决平台差异。
为了解决嵌入式虚拟仪器应用中的异构性,加强协同工作能力,本文将“中间件”思想引入到嵌入式虚拟仪器中,设计了嵌入式虚拟仪器中间件模型。中间件作为一种采用组件思想设计的软件,具有实时性特性,符合嵌入式虚拟仪器对效率和资源的要求及限制。它主要为嵌入式虚拟仪器的开发提供跨语言、跨操作平台、模块化和可扩展的接口,借助中间件,只需改变适配层的相关参数,保持中间件层对应用层的接口定义不变,就可以直接将虚拟仪器应用程序移植运行,实现了应用程序“一次编写,多处运行”的思想,依靠中间件的兼容性增强嵌入式虚拟仪器系统的灵活性、适用性。
本系统利用嵌入式GUI技术,结合组件化思想设计嵌入式虚拟仪器软面板;利用软硬结合的双缓冲技术消除页面闪烁,提高嵌入式软面板绘图速度以及逼真度;借鉴了IVI(可互换虚拟仪器)技术设计嵌入式虚拟仪器驱动器,并利用驱动引擎机制完成虚拟仪器的动态配置与调用;利用MinimumCORBA中间件规范设计本系统的用户接口,使其具有异构环境下的平台、语言无关性,满足工业现场或恶劣环境下的便携式虚拟仪器的设计需要,提高了嵌入式虚拟仪器的兼容性和可移植性,实现了大粒度的软件可重构。
With the development of embedded technology and it is increasingly application to build VI, the requirements of cooperative work between different systems are also increased quickly, involving multiple hardware platforms, communications media, as well as operating systems. Developers are often required to run on in these heterogeneous hardware or software platforms. To achieve cooperative work, developers should not only focus on concrete applications, but also pay more attention to the bottom layer characteristic to solve the platform difference.
How to improve the cooperation capability between heterogeneous environments and increase the reconfiguration of the system are the urgent problems we should solve in our presented embedded VI. For these goals, we are attempting to design an embedded VI based on middleware technology. Middleware as a component of software has the real-time characteristic and conforms to the efficiency and resource limit of embedded VI. Standing on the shoulders of the existing achievement made by many practitioners, we not only design a novel specification of the embedded VI, but also focus on the interface standard based on middleware technology. The core goal of the embedded VI middleware (EVIM) is the facilitate adaptation, provided by extensible, hierarchical and modularization middleware interfaces,improving portability and reconfiguration as well as ensuring high retractility, stability and easy-to-upgrade.
This system uses the embedded GUI technology, unifies the modularization thought to design the embedded VI soft-panel. Using the double buffering technique to eliminate pages flicker and enhance soft-panel drawing speed and fidelity. Inspired by the standard of interchangeable virtual instruments (IVI), a set of standard class libraries and APIs are made and the configured dynamic calls of the VI are completed by using engine-driven. Based on the integrated analysis of the mainstream embedded middleware-MinimumCORBA, the user interface is designed in order to build a new embedded VI system in component-based mode with higher efficiency and code-reused rate.
为了解决嵌入式虚拟仪器应用中的异构性,加强协同工作能力,本文将“中间件”思想引入到嵌入式虚拟仪器中,设计了嵌入式虚拟仪器中间件模型。中间件作为一种采用组件思想设计的软件,具有实时性特性,符合嵌入式虚拟仪器对效率和资源的要求及限制。它主要为嵌入式虚拟仪器的开发提供跨语言、跨操作平台、模块化和可扩展的接口,借助中间件,只需改变适配层的相关参数,保持中间件层对应用层的接口定义不变,就可以直接将虚拟仪器应用程序移植运行,实现了应用程序“一次编写,多处运行”的思想,依靠中间件的兼容性增强嵌入式虚拟仪器系统的灵活性、适用性。
本系统利用嵌入式GUI技术,结合组件化思想设计嵌入式虚拟仪器软面板;利用软硬结合的双缓冲技术消除页面闪烁,提高嵌入式软面板绘图速度以及逼真度;借鉴了IVI(可互换虚拟仪器)技术设计嵌入式虚拟仪器驱动器,并利用驱动引擎机制完成虚拟仪器的动态配置与调用;利用MinimumCORBA中间件规范设计本系统的用户接口,使其具有异构环境下的平台、语言无关性,满足工业现场或恶劣环境下的便携式虚拟仪器的设计需要,提高了嵌入式虚拟仪器的兼容性和可移植性,实现了大粒度的软件可重构。
With the development of embedded technology and it is increasingly application to build VI, the requirements of cooperative work between different systems are also increased quickly, involving multiple hardware platforms, communications media, as well as operating systems. Developers are often required to run on in these heterogeneous hardware or software platforms. To achieve cooperative work, developers should not only focus on concrete applications, but also pay more attention to the bottom layer characteristic to solve the platform difference.
How to improve the cooperation capability between heterogeneous environments and increase the reconfiguration of the system are the urgent problems we should solve in our presented embedded VI. For these goals, we are attempting to design an embedded VI based on middleware technology. Middleware as a component of software has the real-time characteristic and conforms to the efficiency and resource limit of embedded VI. Standing on the shoulders of the existing achievement made by many practitioners, we not only design a novel specification of the embedded VI, but also focus on the interface standard based on middleware technology. The core goal of the embedded VI middleware (EVIM) is the facilitate adaptation, provided by extensible, hierarchical and modularization middleware interfaces,improving portability and reconfiguration as well as ensuring high retractility, stability and easy-to-upgrade.
This system uses the embedded GUI technology, unifies the modularization thought to design the embedded VI soft-panel. Using the double buffering technique to eliminate pages flicker and enhance soft-panel drawing speed and fidelity. Inspired by the standard of interchangeable virtual instruments (IVI), a set of standard class libraries and APIs are made and the configured dynamic calls of the VI are completed by using engine-driven. Based on the integrated analysis of the mainstream embedded middleware-MinimumCORBA, the user interface is designed in order to build a new embedded VI system in component-based mode with higher efficiency and code-reused rate.
引文
[1] 杨乐平.虚拟仪器技术概论[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[2] Goldberg H.What Is Virtual Instrumentation[J].IEEE Instrumentation& Measurement Magazine,2000,3(4):10-13.
[3] 卢央采.虚拟仪器技术的发展及现状[J].自动化仪表,2001,22 (11):1-3.
[4] 朱君.使用 LabVIEW 开发基于 32 位处理器的嵌入式系统[J].电子产品世界,2006,(2):112-114.
[5] 杜金榜,王跃科.仪器仪表技术的发展趋向[J].仪器仪表学报,2002,23(5):228-230.
[6] 张毅,周绍磊,杨秀霞.虚拟仪器技术分析与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[7] National Instruments, The Measurement and Automation Catalog[R].2002, 49-137.
[8] NI Products and Services[EB/OL].http://www.ni.com/products.
[9] National Instruments Corporation.Virtual Instrument White Book[R],2003.
[10] 余竹春,岳春生.中间件思想在嵌入式 GIS 设计中的应用[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(2):15-17.
[11] 何国斌,马世龙.基于构件的软件开发的方法与实践[J].计算机工程与应用,2000,36(10):90-93.
[12] 应怀樵,刘进明,沈松.DASP(达世普)软件虚拟仪器库系统的设计开发与应用[C].全国第十五届振动(与噪音)高技术及应用会议,北京清华大学,2001.
[13] 张易知,肖啸,张喜斌等.虚拟仪器设计与实现[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[14] 2006-2007 年中国中间件软件市场研究[EB/OL ].http://www.ccidconsulting.com.
[15] 秦树人.虚拟仪器--测试仪器从硬件到软件[J].振动、测试与诊断,2002,20(1):1-6.
[16] 林瑜,陈贻焕,李廷军.基于嵌入式计算机技术的虚拟仪器设计[J].计算机应用,2006,4(25):40-42.
[17] 博 创 科 技 . UP-NETARM2410-S 嵌 入 式 系 统 试 验 指 导 书 [EB/OL]. http://www.up-tech.com.
[18] Samsung Corporation. S3C2410X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor User's Manual (Revision 1.2)[M].Samsung, 2002.
[19] Alessandro Rubini, Jonathan Corbet.Linux Devce Drivers[M].O’Reilly & Associates, Inc: 2001.
[20] 叶顺流,秦树人,丁建平.基于嵌入式仪器上的 Linux 系统的开发[J].中国测试技术,2004,30(4):55-57.
[21] 符意德.嵌入式系统设计原理及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[22] 王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[23] 田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学,2005.
[24] 杜春雷.ARM 体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[25] 周立功等.ARM 嵌入式系统实验教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[26] 马忠梅,马广云,徐英慧,田泽. ARM 嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础.北京:北京航空航天出版社,2002.
[27] 马忠梅,李善平,康慨.ARM&Linux 嵌入式系统教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学,2004.
[28] Pisupati, Bhanu . Filesystem interfaces for embedded software development [J].Proceedings-IEEE International Conference on Computer Design, 2005:232-235.
[29] 钱华锋,雷航.面向对象嵌入式 GUI 研究和模式应用[J].计算机应用,2004,24(4):10-13.
[30] 解超,李善平.基于 LINUX 的嵌入式 GUI.计算机工程与应用,2003,39(9):135-137.
[31] 周立功.ARM 嵌入式 MiniGUI 初步与应用开发范例[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[32] 闵华松,童学才,陈启卷.基于 Linux 的嵌入式 GUI 设计研究[J].微计算机信息,2007,(6):79-80.
[33] 丁丁,习勇,魏急波.三种主流嵌入式图形用户界面的移植及性能比较[J].电子产品世界,2004,(5):73-75.
[34] Qt/Embedded[EB/OL].http://www.trolltech.com/products/4t/embedded.
[35] Luo Qi,Luo Lei.A Universal Solution of an Embedded Multitasking GUI System[J].IEEE Computer Society, 2005, 536-539.
[36] 徐广毅,张晓林,崔迎炜等.嵌入式 Linux 系统中 GUI 系统的研究与移植[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(10):11-15.
[37] 张娟,张雪兰.基于嵌入式 Linux 的 GUI 应用程序的实现[J].计算机应用,2003,23(4):115-117. [38 ] 齐亮.C++ GUI Qt3 编程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[39] 王涛等.嵌入式硬件系统抽象层的原理与实现[J].电子技术应用,2001,29(10):26-28.
[40] 郭胜,许平,王颖.中间件技术的研究[J].计算机科学,2004,31(2):155-159.
[41] Middleware Resource[EB/OL].http://www.middleware.org.
[42] P.Bellavista, A.Corradi, C.Stefanelli.CORBA Solutions for Interoperability in Mobile Agent Environments[C].Distributed Objects and Applications. Proceedings of DOA'2000,International Symposium, 2000, Sept: 283-292.
[43] [美]OMG 编著.CORBA 系统结构、原理与规范[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000.
[44] Michi Henning.A New Approach to Object-Oriented Middleware[J].IEEE Internet Computing Magazine, 2004, (1):66-75.
[45] OMG Compelling.The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture, principle andSpecification[M].Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2000.
[46] 朱红军,刘锦德.嵌入式中间件的研究[J].计算机应用研究,2004,(7):61-63.
[47] Jason Pritchard.Essentiality and cooperation of CORBA and COM[M].Tsinghua University Press, June 2002.
[48] 张云勇,张智江,刘锦德等.中间件技术原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[49] James L Paunicka,Brian R Mendel et a1.The OCP-An Open Middleware Solution for Embedded Systems[C].Proceedings of the American Control Conference,2001.
[50] 何东海,宋莹,周小林.基于嵌入式系统的 Minimum CORBA 机制及分析[J].计算机工程与应用,2002,38(18):92-95.
[51] 徐文赛,田农乐.CORBA 及其 ORB 的静动态访问技术[J].计算机应用,2001,21(1):55-57.
[52] Amo Puder, Kay Rbmer.MICO-开源 CORBA 的实现[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001.
[53] The MICO Home Page[EB/OL].http://www.mico.org/.
[54] Object Management Group.Inc. Minimum CORBA Specification Version 1.0[S], 2002.
[55] 李路.可互换虚拟测试功能组件研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2005.
[56] 周建明.基于虚拟仪器的自动测试系统研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[57] Dany Cheij.Using interchangeable virtual instrument(IVI)drivers to increase test system performance[J].IEEE AESS Systems Magazine,2001.
[58] IVI Foundation. IVI-3.1: Driver Architecture Spec-v1.1[EB/OL].http:// www. Ivifoundation. Rg, 2002.
[59] [美]MichiHe nning,S teveV inoski 著.基于 C++ COBRA 高级编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[60] James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch.Unified Modeliing Language Reference Manual.The (2nd Edition),Oct.2005.
[2] Goldberg H.What Is Virtual Instrumentation[J].IEEE Instrumentation& Measurement Magazine,2000,3(4):10-13.
[3] 卢央采.虚拟仪器技术的发展及现状[J].自动化仪表,2001,22 (11):1-3.
[4] 朱君.使用 LabVIEW 开发基于 32 位处理器的嵌入式系统[J].电子产品世界,2006,(2):112-114.
[5] 杜金榜,王跃科.仪器仪表技术的发展趋向[J].仪器仪表学报,2002,23(5):228-230.
[6] 张毅,周绍磊,杨秀霞.虚拟仪器技术分析与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[7] National Instruments, The Measurement and Automation Catalog[R].2002, 49-137.
[8] NI Products and Services[EB/OL].http://www.ni.com/products.
[9] National Instruments Corporation.Virtual Instrument White Book[R],2003.
[10] 余竹春,岳春生.中间件思想在嵌入式 GIS 设计中的应用[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(2):15-17.
[11] 何国斌,马世龙.基于构件的软件开发的方法与实践[J].计算机工程与应用,2000,36(10):90-93.
[12] 应怀樵,刘进明,沈松.DASP(达世普)软件虚拟仪器库系统的设计开发与应用[C].全国第十五届振动(与噪音)高技术及应用会议,北京清华大学,2001.
[13] 张易知,肖啸,张喜斌等.虚拟仪器设计与实现[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[14] 2006-2007 年中国中间件软件市场研究[EB/OL ].http://www.ccidconsulting.com.
[15] 秦树人.虚拟仪器--测试仪器从硬件到软件[J].振动、测试与诊断,2002,20(1):1-6.
[16] 林瑜,陈贻焕,李廷军.基于嵌入式计算机技术的虚拟仪器设计[J].计算机应用,2006,4(25):40-42.
[17] 博 创 科 技 . UP-NETARM2410-S
[18] Samsung Corporation. S3C2410X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor User's Manual (Revision 1.2)[M].Samsung, 2002.
[19] Alessandro Rubini, Jonathan Corbet.Linux Devce Drivers[M].O’Reilly & Associates, Inc: 2001.
[20] 叶顺流,秦树人,丁建平.基于嵌入式仪器上的 Linux 系统的开发[J].中国测试技术,2004,30(4):55-57.
[21] 符意德.嵌入式系统设计原理及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[22] 王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[23] 田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学,2005.
[24] 杜春雷.ARM 体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[25] 周立功等.ARM 嵌入式系统实验教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[26] 马忠梅,马广云,徐英慧,田泽. ARM 嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础.北京:北京航空航天出版社,2002.
[27] 马忠梅,李善平,康慨.ARM&Linux 嵌入式系统教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学,2004.
[28] Pisupati, Bhanu . Filesystem interfaces for embedded software development [J].Proceedings-IEEE International Conference on Computer Design, 2005:232-235.
[29] 钱华锋,雷航.面向对象嵌入式 GUI 研究和模式应用[J].计算机应用,2004,24(4):10-13.
[30] 解超,李善平.基于 LINUX 的嵌入式 GUI.计算机工程与应用,2003,39(9):135-137.
[31] 周立功.ARM 嵌入式 MiniGUI 初步与应用开发范例[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[32] 闵华松,童学才,陈启卷.基于 Linux 的嵌入式 GUI 设计研究[J].微计算机信息,2007,(6):79-80.
[33] 丁丁,习勇,魏急波.三种主流嵌入式图形用户界面的移植及性能比较[J].电子产品世界,2004,(5):73-75.
[34] Qt/Embedded[EB/OL].http://www.trolltech.com/products/4t/embedded.
[35] Luo Qi,Luo Lei.A Universal Solution of an Embedded Multitasking GUI System[J].IEEE Computer Society, 2005, 536-539.
[36] 徐广毅,张晓林,崔迎炜等.嵌入式 Linux 系统中 GUI 系统的研究与移植[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(10):11-15.
[37] 张娟,张雪兰.基于嵌入式 Linux 的 GUI 应用程序的实现[J].计算机应用,2003,23(4):115-117. [38 ] 齐亮.C++ GUI Qt3 编程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[39] 王涛等.嵌入式硬件系统抽象层的原理与实现[J].电子技术应用,2001,29(10):26-28.
[40] 郭胜,许平,王颖.中间件技术的研究[J].计算机科学,2004,31(2):155-159.
[41] Middleware Resource[EB/OL].http://www.middleware.org.
[42] P.Bellavista, A.Corradi, C.Stefanelli.CORBA Solutions for Interoperability in Mobile Agent Environments[C].Distributed Objects and Applications. Proceedings of DOA'2000,International Symposium, 2000, Sept: 283-292.
[43] [美]OMG 编著.CORBA 系统结构、原理与规范[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000.
[44] Michi Henning.A New Approach to Object-Oriented Middleware[J].IEEE Internet Computing Magazine, 2004, (1):66-75.
[45] OMG Compelling.The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture, principle andSpecification[M].Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2000.
[46] 朱红军,刘锦德.嵌入式中间件的研究[J].计算机应用研究,2004,(7):61-63.
[47] Jason Pritchard.Essentiality and cooperation of CORBA and COM[M].Tsinghua University Press, June 2002.
[48] 张云勇,张智江,刘锦德等.中间件技术原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[49] James L Paunicka,Brian R Mendel et a1.The OCP-An Open Middleware Solution for Embedded Systems[C].Proceedings of the American Control Conference,2001.
[50] 何东海,宋莹,周小林.基于嵌入式系统的 Minimum CORBA 机制及分析[J].计算机工程与应用,2002,38(18):92-95.
[51] 徐文赛,田农乐.CORBA 及其 ORB 的静动态访问技术[J].计算机应用,2001,21(1):55-57.
[52] Amo Puder, Kay Rbmer.MICO-开源 CORBA 的实现[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001.
[53] The MICO Home Page[EB/OL].http://www.mico.org/.
[54] Object Management Group.Inc. Minimum CORBA Specification Version 1.0[S], 2002.
[55] 李路.可互换虚拟测试功能组件研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2005.
[56] 周建明.基于虚拟仪器的自动测试系统研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[57] Dany Cheij.Using interchangeable virtual instrument(IVI)drivers to increase test system performance[J].IEEE AESS Systems Magazine,2001.
[58] IVI Foundation. IVI-3.1: Driver Architecture Spec-v1.1[EB/OL].http:// www. Ivifoundation. Rg, 2002.
[59] [美]MichiHe nning,S teveV inoski 著.基于 C++ COBRA 高级编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[60] James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch.Unified Modeliing Language Reference Manual.The (2nd Edition),Oct.2005.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |