自尊、成就动机及心理控制源与大学生心理健康的相关研究
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摘要
大学生的心理健康及其教育问题正受到学校、家庭、国家和社会等各方面的重视。心理健康是生理因素、心理因素和社会因素综合作用的结果。社会心理因素对心理健康的影响是一个比较复杂的过程,个体的心理健康不仅与社会心理刺激的强度有关,同时还受到个人心理因素的调节和影响。本研究主要采用了问卷法,对412名大学生自尊、成就动机、心理控制源与心理健康关系进行了研究,研究得到了以下主要结论:
1.学生心理健康各项因子分在民族、文理科、生源地变量上除个别因子外无显著差异,在性别变量上,男大学生高于女大学生。在年级变量上,高年级大学生除强迫症、人际敏感和偏执因子以外明显高于低年级大学生。
2.学生自尊、成就动机、心理控制源、追求成功和避免失败在民族,年级均变量上没有明显的差异。自尊、成就动机和追求成功的动机得分,女大学生明显高于男大学生。自尊和避免失败的得分来自农村的大学生明显高于来自城市的大学生。
3.SCL-90各个因子分和总分中,高自尊大学生在总分和人际敏感、偏执因子上的得分明显高于低自尊大学生外,其它各项因子分均无显著差异;高成就动机的大学生明显高于低成就动机的大学生;高心理控制源的大学生得分明显高于低心理控制源的大学生。
4.大学生的自尊与心理健康除几个因子及总分外,均呈显著正相关;成就动机与除心理健康除总分外各因子均呈显著正相关,追求成功的动机与心理健康无显著相关,大学生回避失败的动机与心理健康呈显著负相关;大学生的心理控制源与心理健康除恐怖因子外呈显著正相关。
5.心理健康总分因变量上有三个自变量进入回归方程,这三个变量共同可以解释心理健康总分因变量27.3%的变异量,它们分别是自尊总分,避免失败的动机和控制源总分。同时以大学生自尊、成就动机、追求成功、避免失败、心理控制源各因素为自变量,对其他各因子分也做了回归分析,结果显示这几个自变量几乎都能进入回归方程。
6.过对自尊、成就动机、心理控制源与大学生心理健康之间的路径分析,结论为:对心理健康(总分)有直接效应的因素有:自尊、心理控制源、成就动机和追求成功的动机。成就动机对心理健康的解释力最大,其次为追求成功的动机、自尊。最后为心理控制源。追求成功的动机通过自尊、成就动机、避免失败的动机对大学生心理健康有间接效应;避免失败的动机通过成就动机、自尊、对大学生心理健康有间接效应;成就动机通过心理控制源对大学生心理健康有间接效应;避免失败对心理健康没有直接预测作用。
概括的说,即大学生自尊、心理控制源、成就动机这几种心理因素与大学生心理健康有着密切的联系,各种因素不只是单独影响心理健康,还有着交互作用,以成就动机为中介核心变量,自尊和心理控制源,通过它进一步影响心理健康。
The mental health of university students and their education of that isbeing paid attention to by schools, families, countries and society. Mental health is combined results of physical, psychological and social factors. The impact of Social and psychological factors on the mental health is a more complicated process, the individual's mental health relates not only to the strength of psycho-social stimulation, and also to the regulation and impact of individual psychological factors. This research is on the relationship of self-esteem, achievement motivation, locus of control and mental health among university students. This study used questionnaires which have been finished by 404 university students and make thefollowing major conclusions:
1. Mental health of students on the variables of nationalities, arts or sciences, students sources has no significant differences in addition to on some individual factors .On the gender variable, male college studentsscore higher than female students. On the Variable in the year, the high-grade students in addition to obsessive-compulsive disorder,paranoid and interpersonal sensitivity factors score significantly higher than that of low-grade students.
2. Students self-esteem and achievement motivation, locus of control, the motivation of pursuiting success and the motivation of avoidingfailure on the nation, grades variable has no significant differences. Self-esteem and achievement motivation and the motivation of pursuitingsuccess of female students scored significantly higher than that of male college students. Self-esteem and the motivation of avoiding failure ofstudents from rural areas scores higher than that of university students from the city.
3. SCL-90 score points of the students from the high self-esteem score significantly higher than students from low self-esteem on interpersonal sensitivity, paranoia factors, the other factor-there was no significant difference. The students of high achievement motivation score obviouslyhigher than those of low achievement. The students of high locus of control score significantly higher than the students of low locus of control.
4. Self-esteem and mental health in addition to several factors and total score, showed significant positive correlation. Achievement motivation and mental health show significant positive correlation. The motivation of pursuiting success and mental health had no significant correlation, the motivation of avoiding failure and mental health show negatively correlated; Locus of control and mental health, in addition to terrorist factor are positively correlated.
5. On the dependent variable of mental health total scores three variables into the regression equation, a total of three variables can explain 27.3 percent of the variance, they are self-esteem scores and the motivation of avoiding failure the locus of control. At the same time ,self-esteem and achievement motivation, the pursuit of success and avoid failure, the locus of control factors as variables, all other factors were also done a regression analysis showed that almost all these variables into the regression equation.
6. The path analysis on the self-esteem and achievement motivation, locus of control and mental health among college students, the conclusion is: on Mental Health (total), direct effect of factors are self-esteem, locus of control, achievement motivation and the motivation to succeed . Achievement motivation explains the interpretation of the mental health the largest, followed by the successful pursuit of motivation, self-esteem,the last is the locus of control. The pursuit of success through self-motivation, achievement motivation, the motivation to avoid failure indirectly effects the mental health of college students. The motive to avoid failure indirectly effect through achievement motivation, self-esteem. Achievement motivation through the locus of control indirectly effects college students mental health; The motivation of avoiding failure are not directly forecast the mental health.
Generally speaking, that college students’self-esteem, locus of control, achievement motivation are closely linked with mental health of college students, the various factors don’t just separately affect mental health, and there are interaction effects, achievement motivation is the core variable, Self-esteem and locus of control through it impact on mental health further.
1.学生心理健康各项因子分在民族、文理科、生源地变量上除个别因子外无显著差异,在性别变量上,男大学生高于女大学生。在年级变量上,高年级大学生除强迫症、人际敏感和偏执因子以外明显高于低年级大学生。
2.学生自尊、成就动机、心理控制源、追求成功和避免失败在民族,年级均变量上没有明显的差异。自尊、成就动机和追求成功的动机得分,女大学生明显高于男大学生。自尊和避免失败的得分来自农村的大学生明显高于来自城市的大学生。
3.SCL-90各个因子分和总分中,高自尊大学生在总分和人际敏感、偏执因子上的得分明显高于低自尊大学生外,其它各项因子分均无显著差异;高成就动机的大学生明显高于低成就动机的大学生;高心理控制源的大学生得分明显高于低心理控制源的大学生。
4.大学生的自尊与心理健康除几个因子及总分外,均呈显著正相关;成就动机与除心理健康除总分外各因子均呈显著正相关,追求成功的动机与心理健康无显著相关,大学生回避失败的动机与心理健康呈显著负相关;大学生的心理控制源与心理健康除恐怖因子外呈显著正相关。
5.心理健康总分因变量上有三个自变量进入回归方程,这三个变量共同可以解释心理健康总分因变量27.3%的变异量,它们分别是自尊总分,避免失败的动机和控制源总分。同时以大学生自尊、成就动机、追求成功、避免失败、心理控制源各因素为自变量,对其他各因子分也做了回归分析,结果显示这几个自变量几乎都能进入回归方程。
6.过对自尊、成就动机、心理控制源与大学生心理健康之间的路径分析,结论为:对心理健康(总分)有直接效应的因素有:自尊、心理控制源、成就动机和追求成功的动机。成就动机对心理健康的解释力最大,其次为追求成功的动机、自尊。最后为心理控制源。追求成功的动机通过自尊、成就动机、避免失败的动机对大学生心理健康有间接效应;避免失败的动机通过成就动机、自尊、对大学生心理健康有间接效应;成就动机通过心理控制源对大学生心理健康有间接效应;避免失败对心理健康没有直接预测作用。
概括的说,即大学生自尊、心理控制源、成就动机这几种心理因素与大学生心理健康有着密切的联系,各种因素不只是单独影响心理健康,还有着交互作用,以成就动机为中介核心变量,自尊和心理控制源,通过它进一步影响心理健康。
The mental health of university students and their education of that isbeing paid attention to by schools, families, countries and society. Mental health is combined results of physical, psychological and social factors. The impact of Social and psychological factors on the mental health is a more complicated process, the individual's mental health relates not only to the strength of psycho-social stimulation, and also to the regulation and impact of individual psychological factors. This research is on the relationship of self-esteem, achievement motivation, locus of control and mental health among university students. This study used questionnaires which have been finished by 404 university students and make thefollowing major conclusions:
1. Mental health of students on the variables of nationalities, arts or sciences, students sources has no significant differences in addition to on some individual factors .On the gender variable, male college studentsscore higher than female students. On the Variable in the year, the high-grade students in addition to obsessive-compulsive disorder,paranoid and interpersonal sensitivity factors score significantly higher than that of low-grade students.
2. Students self-esteem and achievement motivation, locus of control, the motivation of pursuiting success and the motivation of avoidingfailure on the nation, grades variable has no significant differences. Self-esteem and achievement motivation and the motivation of pursuitingsuccess of female students scored significantly higher than that of male college students. Self-esteem and the motivation of avoiding failure ofstudents from rural areas scores higher than that of university students from the city.
3. SCL-90 score points of the students from the high self-esteem score significantly higher than students from low self-esteem on interpersonal sensitivity, paranoia factors, the other factor-there was no significant difference. The students of high achievement motivation score obviouslyhigher than those of low achievement. The students of high locus of control score significantly higher than the students of low locus of control.
4. Self-esteem and mental health in addition to several factors and total score, showed significant positive correlation. Achievement motivation and mental health show significant positive correlation. The motivation of pursuiting success and mental health had no significant correlation, the motivation of avoiding failure and mental health show negatively correlated; Locus of control and mental health, in addition to terrorist factor are positively correlated.
5. On the dependent variable of mental health total scores three variables into the regression equation, a total of three variables can explain 27.3 percent of the variance, they are self-esteem scores and the motivation of avoiding failure the locus of control. At the same time ,self-esteem and achievement motivation, the pursuit of success and avoid failure, the locus of control factors as variables, all other factors were also done a regression analysis showed that almost all these variables into the regression equation.
6. The path analysis on the self-esteem and achievement motivation, locus of control and mental health among college students, the conclusion is: on Mental Health (total), direct effect of factors are self-esteem, locus of control, achievement motivation and the motivation to succeed . Achievement motivation explains the interpretation of the mental health the largest, followed by the successful pursuit of motivation, self-esteem,the last is the locus of control. The pursuit of success through self-motivation, achievement motivation, the motivation to avoid failure indirectly effects the mental health of college students. The motive to avoid failure indirectly effect through achievement motivation, self-esteem. Achievement motivation through the locus of control indirectly effects college students mental health; The motivation of avoiding failure are not directly forecast the mental health.
Generally speaking, that college students’self-esteem, locus of control, achievement motivation are closely linked with mental health of college students, the various factors don’t just separately affect mental health, and there are interaction effects, achievement motivation is the core variable, Self-esteem and locus of control through it impact on mental health further.
引文
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