长白山森林生态系统土壤氮矿化的研究
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摘要
氮是植物生长和发育所需的大量营养元素之一。在森林生态系统中,氮对森林群落的演替有重要的影响;对维护群落稳定性和保持一定树种组成有着重要作用。同时氮矿化对揭示生态系统功能、生物地球化学循环过程本质也有重要意义。
本论文以我国长白山北坡不同森林生态系统土壤氮矿化为研究对象,分析不同林型土壤氮矿化的时空动态特征。沿长白山北坡以海拔高度、森林类型等因素为指标设置实验样地。样地按海拔从低到高依次为:1号样地,位于阔叶红松林带,海拔761m;2号样地,位于红松云冷杉林带,海拔1258m;3号样地,位于岳桦云冷杉林带,海拔1582m。
利用周才平等(2001)温度与氮矿化速率关系方程式,将野外实地测量的土壤温度(5cm)带入方程,计算出不同植被类型土壤氮矿化速率。分析不同林型土壤供氮能力以及土壤氮矿化速率与环境因素之间的关系、变化规律等。主要结果如下:
1、长白山北坡三种不同植被类型土壤氮矿化速率分别是:阔叶红松林0.12kg/(hm2·d)、红松云冷杉林0.09 kg/(hm2·d)和岳桦云冷杉林0.07 kg/(hm2·d)。三种不同植被类型土壤年氮矿化量分别是:阔叶红松林8.34 t·hm-2·yr-1、红松云冷杉林7.22 t·hm-2·yr-1和岳桦云冷杉林6.74 t·hm-2·yr-1。结果表明,阔叶红松林土壤供氮能力最强。
2、土壤氮矿化速率的季节变化:三种不同植被类型土壤氮矿化速率都呈明显的季节变化规律。在不同的季节时期内,氮矿化速率有所不同。
3、土壤氮矿化速率随海拔变化:在同一时间内,三种不同植被类型土壤氮矿化速率随海拔的升高而逐渐降低。
4、土壤氮矿化速率与气温的关系:土壤氮矿化速率与气温的关系方程式为三次多项式,两者呈显著相关(R2>0.95)。
Nitrogen is one of the essential element plant needs in the period of growth. In the forest ecology system,nitrogen has important influent on forest community succession. Nitrogen also plays an important role in the maintenance community stable and keeps a certain tree species composition.
Soil nitrogen mineralization in different forest type of Changbai Mountain is reaserched in this paer. Sample plots are setted with elevation and forest type in the north slope of Changbai Mountain. Sample plot with elevation from low to high:Ⅰsample plot, broad leaved Korean pine forest , elevation 761m;Ⅱsample plot, Korean pine spruce fir forest , elevation 1258m,Ⅲsample plot, birch spruce fir forest, elevation 1582m.
Using correlation equation of temperature and nitrogen mineralization rate, soil temperature of field-survey record is substituted in equation and calculated nitrogen mineralization rate of different forest type. Soil nitrogen-supplying capacities and relationship between nitrogen mineralization rate and environment factors.Main results as follows:
1、Soil nitrogen mineralization rate of different forest type on north slope of Changbai Mountain: broad leaved Korean pine forest 0.12kg/(hm2·d), Korean pine spruce fir forest 0.09 kg/(hm2·d), birch spruce fir forest 0.07 kg/(hm2·d). Quantity of the mineralized nitrogen of different forest type: broad leaved Korean pine forest 8.34 t·hm-2·yr-1, Korean pine spruce fir forest 7.22 t·hm-2·yr-1, birch spruce fir forest 6.74 t·hm-2·yr-1.The results showed that nitrogen-supplying capacities of broad leaved Korean pine forest is the strongest.
2、The seasonal change of soil nitrogen mineralization rate: nitrogen mineralization rate of three different forest types has evident seasonal variability.
3、Changes of nitrogen mineralization rate with elevation: In the same time, nitrogen mineralization rate gradually declines with altitude rising in different forest type.
4、The relationship between nitrogen mineralization and air temperature: Relationship equations between the soil nitrogen mineralization rate and air temperature is cubic polynomial and they showed significantly(R2>0.95).
本论文以我国长白山北坡不同森林生态系统土壤氮矿化为研究对象,分析不同林型土壤氮矿化的时空动态特征。沿长白山北坡以海拔高度、森林类型等因素为指标设置实验样地。样地按海拔从低到高依次为:1号样地,位于阔叶红松林带,海拔761m;2号样地,位于红松云冷杉林带,海拔1258m;3号样地,位于岳桦云冷杉林带,海拔1582m。
利用周才平等(2001)温度与氮矿化速率关系方程式,将野外实地测量的土壤温度(5cm)带入方程,计算出不同植被类型土壤氮矿化速率。分析不同林型土壤供氮能力以及土壤氮矿化速率与环境因素之间的关系、变化规律等。主要结果如下:
1、长白山北坡三种不同植被类型土壤氮矿化速率分别是:阔叶红松林0.12kg/(hm2·d)、红松云冷杉林0.09 kg/(hm2·d)和岳桦云冷杉林0.07 kg/(hm2·d)。三种不同植被类型土壤年氮矿化量分别是:阔叶红松林8.34 t·hm-2·yr-1、红松云冷杉林7.22 t·hm-2·yr-1和岳桦云冷杉林6.74 t·hm-2·yr-1。结果表明,阔叶红松林土壤供氮能力最强。
2、土壤氮矿化速率的季节变化:三种不同植被类型土壤氮矿化速率都呈明显的季节变化规律。在不同的季节时期内,氮矿化速率有所不同。
3、土壤氮矿化速率随海拔变化:在同一时间内,三种不同植被类型土壤氮矿化速率随海拔的升高而逐渐降低。
4、土壤氮矿化速率与气温的关系:土壤氮矿化速率与气温的关系方程式为三次多项式,两者呈显著相关(R2>0.95)。
Nitrogen is one of the essential element plant needs in the period of growth. In the forest ecology system,nitrogen has important influent on forest community succession. Nitrogen also plays an important role in the maintenance community stable and keeps a certain tree species composition.
Soil nitrogen mineralization in different forest type of Changbai Mountain is reaserched in this paer. Sample plots are setted with elevation and forest type in the north slope of Changbai Mountain. Sample plot with elevation from low to high:Ⅰsample plot, broad leaved Korean pine forest , elevation 761m;Ⅱsample plot, Korean pine spruce fir forest , elevation 1258m,Ⅲsample plot, birch spruce fir forest, elevation 1582m.
Using correlation equation of temperature and nitrogen mineralization rate, soil temperature of field-survey record is substituted in equation and calculated nitrogen mineralization rate of different forest type. Soil nitrogen-supplying capacities and relationship between nitrogen mineralization rate and environment factors.Main results as follows:
1、Soil nitrogen mineralization rate of different forest type on north slope of Changbai Mountain: broad leaved Korean pine forest 0.12kg/(hm2·d), Korean pine spruce fir forest 0.09 kg/(hm2·d), birch spruce fir forest 0.07 kg/(hm2·d). Quantity of the mineralized nitrogen of different forest type: broad leaved Korean pine forest 8.34 t·hm-2·yr-1, Korean pine spruce fir forest 7.22 t·hm-2·yr-1, birch spruce fir forest 6.74 t·hm-2·yr-1.The results showed that nitrogen-supplying capacities of broad leaved Korean pine forest is the strongest.
2、The seasonal change of soil nitrogen mineralization rate: nitrogen mineralization rate of three different forest types has evident seasonal variability.
3、Changes of nitrogen mineralization rate with elevation: In the same time, nitrogen mineralization rate gradually declines with altitude rising in different forest type.
4、The relationship between nitrogen mineralization and air temperature: Relationship equations between the soil nitrogen mineralization rate and air temperature is cubic polynomial and they showed significantly(R2>0.95).
引文
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