自动垂直钻具井下流场建模及受力分析
|
摘要
自动垂直钻井系统在工作中,由于纠斜动力的需要,导向活套与钻杆需要保持一个相对转速。导向活套在与钻杆连接轴承的摩擦转矩的作用下而随钻杆转动,而井下返程泥浆在通过活套时也会产生阻碍活套转动的反向扭矩,该反向扭矩是平衡摩擦转矩和保证活套与钻杆存在相对转速的一个关键因素。为了对自动垂直钻具导向活套井下泥浆流场特性有更深入的了解,并研究反向扭矩值的大小和影响因素,需要对导向活套井下泥浆流场进行理论和仿真研究。
本文首先利用流体力学理论对自动垂直钻具井下流场进行研究和计算,为仿真运算提供必要的理论基础。然后利用CFD软件FLUENT对导向活套井下泥浆流场进行建模和仿真运算。将理论分析、数值运算和实验数据相对比,研究并揭示了泥浆通过活套时的流动特性。计算结果表明泥浆对活套的反向扭矩取决于多种物理因素,如泥浆的流量、导向活套转速等,且只要钻杆转速超过平衡钻杆与活套的摩擦转矩的临界转速,该反向扭矩就可以使活套与钻杆间产生相应的转速差。
自动垂直钻具井下泥浆流场的动力学分析对于钻具的井下正常工作有着重要意义。本文利用理论分析和仿真运算深入研究了自动垂直钻具井下泥浆流场的动力学特性,对导向活套在井下的工作状态有了更好的了解和更深入的研究,也为避免导向活套与钻杆同速转动的问题提供了一种解决方案。
When the automatic anti-deviation drilling system is in operation ,a relative rotate speed is needed between the steerable sleeve and the drill string to produce essential anti-deviation powers.The steerable sleeve rotates as a result of the friction torque exerted by the bearing connecting the sleeve and the drill string,while the backtracking muds pass through the sleeve and produce a reverse torque preventing the sleeve from rotating,which is a key factor to ensure a relative rotate speed between the sleeve and the drill string.To know more about the characteristics of the down-hole muds in the automatic anti-deviation drilling system and explore the value of the reverse torque and its factors,we need to study the flow field of the down-hole muds both theoretically and with simulation.
At first,the flow field of the down-hole muds was analyzed and caculated with hydrodynamic theories,providing the essential foundation for the subsequent simulation.Then the CFD software Fluent was used to model the flow field of the down-hole muds,and explore the flow characteristics.The theoretical analysis,the simulation results and the experimental figures were studied by contrast and the characteristics of the down-hole muds were found out.The simulation results indicated that the value of the reverse torque depends on several factors such as the mud flux, the sleeve rotate speed and so on ,and as long as the rotate speed of the drill string exceeds the critical rotate speed , the reverse torque by the muds to the sleeve is sufficient to produce a relative rotate speed between the sleeve and the drill string.
The dynamic analysis of the flow field of the down-hole muds in the automatic anti-deviation drilling system is very important to the regular operation of the automatic anti-deviation drilling tools.The characteristics of the down-hole muds in the automatic anti-deviation drilling system were studied both theoretically and with simulation,the operation condition of the steerable sleeve was explored and analyzed,and a solution to preventing the steerable sleeve and the drill string rotating with identical speed was advanced.
本文首先利用流体力学理论对自动垂直钻具井下流场进行研究和计算,为仿真运算提供必要的理论基础。然后利用CFD软件FLUENT对导向活套井下泥浆流场进行建模和仿真运算。将理论分析、数值运算和实验数据相对比,研究并揭示了泥浆通过活套时的流动特性。计算结果表明泥浆对活套的反向扭矩取决于多种物理因素,如泥浆的流量、导向活套转速等,且只要钻杆转速超过平衡钻杆与活套的摩擦转矩的临界转速,该反向扭矩就可以使活套与钻杆间产生相应的转速差。
自动垂直钻具井下泥浆流场的动力学分析对于钻具的井下正常工作有着重要意义。本文利用理论分析和仿真运算深入研究了自动垂直钻具井下泥浆流场的动力学特性,对导向活套在井下的工作状态有了更好的了解和更深入的研究,也为避免导向活套与钻杆同速转动的问题提供了一种解决方案。
When the automatic anti-deviation drilling system is in operation ,a relative rotate speed is needed between the steerable sleeve and the drill string to produce essential anti-deviation powers.The steerable sleeve rotates as a result of the friction torque exerted by the bearing connecting the sleeve and the drill string,while the backtracking muds pass through the sleeve and produce a reverse torque preventing the sleeve from rotating,which is a key factor to ensure a relative rotate speed between the sleeve and the drill string.To know more about the characteristics of the down-hole muds in the automatic anti-deviation drilling system and explore the value of the reverse torque and its factors,we need to study the flow field of the down-hole muds both theoretically and with simulation.
At first,the flow field of the down-hole muds was analyzed and caculated with hydrodynamic theories,providing the essential foundation for the subsequent simulation.Then the CFD software Fluent was used to model the flow field of the down-hole muds,and explore the flow characteristics.The theoretical analysis,the simulation results and the experimental figures were studied by contrast and the characteristics of the down-hole muds were found out.The simulation results indicated that the value of the reverse torque depends on several factors such as the mud flux, the sleeve rotate speed and so on ,and as long as the rotate speed of the drill string exceeds the critical rotate speed , the reverse torque by the muds to the sleeve is sufficient to produce a relative rotate speed between the sleeve and the drill string.
The dynamic analysis of the flow field of the down-hole muds in the automatic anti-deviation drilling system is very important to the regular operation of the automatic anti-deviation drilling tools.The characteristics of the down-hole muds in the automatic anti-deviation drilling system were studied both theoretically and with simulation,the operation condition of the steerable sleeve was explored and analyzed,and a solution to preventing the steerable sleeve and the drill string rotating with identical speed was advanced.
引文
[1] 胡书勇,张烈辉,寥清碧等.现代钻井技术的发展与油气勘探开发的未来 [J].天然气 工业, 第 25 卷第 2 期
[2] The Drilling Revolution[J]. Petroleum Review ,2000 – 06
[3] 张绍槐,张洁.21 世纪中国石油钻井技术发展战略研究[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2001 年第 4 期
[4] 张绍槐,张洁.21 世纪中国钻井技术发展与创新[J].石油学报,第22卷第6期2001 年11 月
[5] 狄勤丰,张绍槐. 井下闭环钻井系统的研究与开发[J].石油钻探技术,1997 ,25(2) :56～59
[6] 苏义脑,李松林,葛云华,冯京海.自动垂直钻井工具的设计及自动控制法[J].石油学报,第22卷第4期2001年7月
[7] BarrJD,ClaggJM,RussellMK.Steerable Rotary Drilling With Experimental System[J]. SPE29382
[8] Sandro Poli,Franco Donat,Joachim Oppelt,etal.Advanced Tools for Advanced Wells[J]:Rotary Closed Loop Drilling System.SPE36884
[9] Franco Donat, Joachim Oppelt,Detlef Rognitz,etal.Innovative Rotary Closed Loop System[J].SPE39328
[10] 杨春旭,韩来聚,步玉环等.现代垂直钻井技术的新进展和发展方向[J].石油钻探技术,第35卷第一期2007年一月.
[11] A.Calderoni,A.Savini,J.Treviranus,J.oppelt.Outstanding Economic Advantages Based on New Straight-Hole Drilling Device Proven in Various Oilfield Locations [J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers 36826:67-79.
[12] A.Ligrone,J.oppelt,A.Calderoni,J.Treviranus.The Fastest Way to the Bottom:Straighthole Drilling Device-Drilling Concept,Design Considerations,and Field Experience[J].Society of Petroleum Engineers 36826:115-126.
[13] 刘白雁,苏义脑,陈新元等.石油深井垂直钻进系统研究[J].机器人技术与应用,2006 增刊:75-78.
[14] 李松林,苏义脑.自动垂直钻井系统 VDS 的形成与发展[J].国外石油机械,第 10卷第 5 期
[15] 周琴,姚爱国,徐德明.自动垂直钻井系统的液压系统设计[J].石油机械.2003 年第 31卷第 12 期
[16] 清华大学工程力学系潘文全.流体力学基础[M].机械工业出版社.1984
[17] 鄢捷年.钻井液工艺学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2001.5.
[18] 王福军.计算流体力学分析-CFD 软件原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社.2004 年 9 月
[19] 刘导治.计算流体力学基础[M].北京:北京航空学院出版社,1989
[20] 韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.北京理工大学出版社[M].2004 年 6 月
[21] 张绍槐, 李琪.石油钻井信息技术的智能化研究[J]石油学报, 1996, 17
[22] 白家祉,苏义脑.井斜控制理论与实践[M]北京:石油工业出版社,1990
[23] 李权林,苏义脑.自动垂直钻井工具的发展[J].国外石油机械,l 999,1 0(5 )
[24] 江耕华等.机械传动设计手册[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1982.
[25] 狄勤丰,张绍槐. 井下闭环钻井系统的研究与开发[J].石油钻术,1997 ,25(2)
[26] 吴克择,罗肇丰. 90 年代以来钻井技术进展与发展趋势[J].西南石油学院学报,1997 ,19(2)
[27] 高德利. 油气钻井技术展望[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版) .2003 ,27(1)
[28] 王关清,陈元顿,周煜辉. 深探井和超深探井钻井的难点分析和对策探讨[J].石油钻采工艺.1998 ,20(1)
[29] 李克向. 21 世纪钻井技术展望[J].石油钻采工艺,1999 ,22 (6)
[30] 苏义脑.正在兴起的井下控制工程学[J].中国科学报, 1995-2-20
[31] Oppelt J , Chur C. New concept for vertical drilling of boreholes[C ]. SPE21905, 1991: 1-121.
[32] Ligrone A. etal.The fastest way to the bottom: straighthole drilling device-drilling concept,design considerations ,and field experience[C].SPE 36826 ,1996:1-12.
[33] DC PATER CJ, Maark D Zoback, et al .Complication with stress tests insights from a fracture experiment in the ultra deep KTB boreholes[J].SPE36437,1996
[34] Brusco G,Lewis P,Williams M.Drilling straight down [J] . Oil-field Review ,2004 ,16 (3) :14-17.
[35] Barans M , Garoby J , Huppertz A. Straight hole drilling device improves[J] . Oil & Gas Journal ,2001 ,99 (26) :45-51.
[36] 余志清等. 定向钻井理论与实践[M].陕西西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1995
[37] 何世明,徐壁华,何平等.水泥浆与泥浆比热的室内研究[J].西南石油学报,2000 , (4)
[38] 苏义脑.井下控制工程学研究进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[39] Inglis T A 著. 定向钻井[M].苏义脑等译.北京:石油工业出版社, 1995
[40] 狄勤丰. 旋转导向井下闭环钻井技术[M] .西安:西安科学技术出版社,1999.
[41] 李作会,孙铭新,韩来聚.旋转自动导向钻井技术[J].石油矿场机械. 2003 年第 32 卷
[42] Warren, Tommy M.Trends toward rotary steerable directional system[J].World Oil,1997:43-47.
[43] Lubinski,A. A study of the bucking of rotary drilling string.Dpp.1950.
[44] 胡郁乐,汤凤林,王元汉,乌效鸣.中国大陆科学深钻井下参数随钻记录与回放系统[J].地质科技情报.2005 年 3 月
[45] 朱仁宗,杜彦亭,金明哲.液压油粘度对超高压系统的影响[J].机床与液压.2003 年第 4期.
[46] 傅华明,阮静洁,罗大鹏.一种垂钻过程检测与控制器的设计及室内试验[J].石油仪器.第 18 卷第 1 期.
[47] 杨建明,吴玉林,曹树良.流体机械中高雷诺数流动的大涡模拟[J].工程热物理学报.第19 卷第 2 期
[48] G. Heisig , etc. Downhole dynamics data increases drilling2process control[J] . SPE49206 , J PT , 1999 ,51 (2)
[49] Yue Pengtao , Xu Shengli , Liu Dayou , Duan Xinping.Numerical Investigation on Two2dimensional Cylindrical Mud Impacting Walls and Mud Surfaces[J]. Journal of China University of Science and Technology. 2001-10.
[2] The Drilling Revolution[J]. Petroleum Review ,2000 – 06
[3] 张绍槐,张洁.21 世纪中国石油钻井技术发展战略研究[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2001 年第 4 期
[4] 张绍槐,张洁.21 世纪中国钻井技术发展与创新[J].石油学报,第22卷第6期2001 年11 月
[5] 狄勤丰,张绍槐. 井下闭环钻井系统的研究与开发[J].石油钻探技术,1997 ,25(2) :56～59
[6] 苏义脑,李松林,葛云华,冯京海.自动垂直钻井工具的设计及自动控制法[J].石油学报,第22卷第4期2001年7月
[7] BarrJD,ClaggJM,RussellMK.Steerable Rotary Drilling With Experimental System[J]. SPE29382
[8] Sandro Poli,Franco Donat,Joachim Oppelt,etal.Advanced Tools for Advanced Wells[J]:Rotary Closed Loop Drilling System.SPE36884
[9] Franco Donat, Joachim Oppelt,Detlef Rognitz,etal.Innovative Rotary Closed Loop System[J].SPE39328
[10] 杨春旭,韩来聚,步玉环等.现代垂直钻井技术的新进展和发展方向[J].石油钻探技术,第35卷第一期2007年一月.
[11] A.Calderoni,A.Savini,J.Treviranus,J.oppelt.Outstanding Economic Advantages Based on New Straight-Hole Drilling Device Proven in Various Oilfield Locations [J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers 36826:67-79.
[12] A.Ligrone,J.oppelt,A.Calderoni,J.Treviranus.The Fastest Way to the Bottom:Straighthole Drilling Device-Drilling Concept,Design Considerations,and Field Experience[J].Society of Petroleum Engineers 36826:115-126.
[13] 刘白雁,苏义脑,陈新元等.石油深井垂直钻进系统研究[J].机器人技术与应用,2006 增刊:75-78.
[14] 李松林,苏义脑.自动垂直钻井系统 VDS 的形成与发展[J].国外石油机械,第 10卷第 5 期
[15] 周琴,姚爱国,徐德明.自动垂直钻井系统的液压系统设计[J].石油机械.2003 年第 31卷第 12 期
[16] 清华大学工程力学系潘文全.流体力学基础[M].机械工业出版社.1984
[17] 鄢捷年.钻井液工艺学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2001.5.
[18] 王福军.计算流体力学分析-CFD 软件原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社.2004 年 9 月
[19] 刘导治.计算流体力学基础[M].北京:北京航空学院出版社,1989
[20] 韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.北京理工大学出版社[M].2004 年 6 月
[21] 张绍槐, 李琪.石油钻井信息技术的智能化研究[J]石油学报, 1996, 17
[22] 白家祉,苏义脑.井斜控制理论与实践[M]北京:石油工业出版社,1990
[23] 李权林,苏义脑.自动垂直钻井工具的发展[J].国外石油机械,l 999,1 0(5 )
[24] 江耕华等.机械传动设计手册[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1982.
[25] 狄勤丰,张绍槐. 井下闭环钻井系统的研究与开发[J].石油钻术,1997 ,25(2)
[26] 吴克择,罗肇丰. 90 年代以来钻井技术进展与发展趋势[J].西南石油学院学报,1997 ,19(2)
[27] 高德利. 油气钻井技术展望[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版) .2003 ,27(1)
[28] 王关清,陈元顿,周煜辉. 深探井和超深探井钻井的难点分析和对策探讨[J].石油钻采工艺.1998 ,20(1)
[29] 李克向. 21 世纪钻井技术展望[J].石油钻采工艺,1999 ,22 (6)
[30] 苏义脑.正在兴起的井下控制工程学[J].中国科学报, 1995-2-20
[31] Oppelt J , Chur C. New concept for vertical drilling of boreholes[C ]. SPE21905, 1991: 1-121.
[32] Ligrone A. etal.The fastest way to the bottom: straighthole drilling device-drilling concept,design considerations ,and field experience[C].SPE 36826 ,1996:1-12.
[33] DC PATER CJ, Maark D Zoback, et al .Complication with stress tests insights from a fracture experiment in the ultra deep KTB boreholes[J].SPE36437,1996
[34] Brusco G,Lewis P,Williams M.Drilling straight down [J] . Oil-field Review ,2004 ,16 (3) :14-17.
[35] Barans M , Garoby J , Huppertz A. Straight hole drilling device improves[J] . Oil & Gas Journal ,2001 ,99 (26) :45-51.
[36] 余志清等. 定向钻井理论与实践[M].陕西西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1995
[37] 何世明,徐壁华,何平等.水泥浆与泥浆比热的室内研究[J].西南石油学报,2000 , (4)
[38] 苏义脑.井下控制工程学研究进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[39] Inglis T A 著. 定向钻井[M].苏义脑等译.北京:石油工业出版社, 1995
[40] 狄勤丰. 旋转导向井下闭环钻井技术[M] .西安:西安科学技术出版社,1999.
[41] 李作会,孙铭新,韩来聚.旋转自动导向钻井技术[J].石油矿场机械. 2003 年第 32 卷
[42] Warren, Tommy M.Trends toward rotary steerable directional system[J].World Oil,1997:43-47.
[43] Lubinski,A. A study of the bucking of rotary drilling string.Dpp.1950.
[44] 胡郁乐,汤凤林,王元汉,乌效鸣.中国大陆科学深钻井下参数随钻记录与回放系统[J].地质科技情报.2005 年 3 月
[45] 朱仁宗,杜彦亭,金明哲.液压油粘度对超高压系统的影响[J].机床与液压.2003 年第 4期.
[46] 傅华明,阮静洁,罗大鹏.一种垂钻过程检测与控制器的设计及室内试验[J].石油仪器.第 18 卷第 1 期.
[47] 杨建明,吴玉林,曹树良.流体机械中高雷诺数流动的大涡模拟[J].工程热物理学报.第19 卷第 2 期
[48] G. Heisig , etc. Downhole dynamics data increases drilling2process control[J] . SPE49206 , J PT , 1999 ,51 (2)
[49] Yue Pengtao , Xu Shengli , Liu Dayou , Duan Xinping.Numerical Investigation on Two2dimensional Cylindrical Mud Impacting Walls and Mud Surfaces[J]. Journal of China University of Science and Technology. 2001-10.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |