住宅楼太阳能综合利用的研究
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摘要
随着能源危机和环境污染的日益加剧,使用可再生能源正逐渐成为潮流。太阳能作为可再生能源的一种,正以其安全、无污染、用之不竭的特点,受到人们越来越多的关注。随之,一系列太阳能应用技术被开发了出来,这其中不乏可与建筑相结合、改善其性能,减少能源利用,降低污染物排放的措施。主要有各种被动式太阳能技术,太阳能制冷技术,太阳能辅助热泵技术,太阳能光伏发电技术,以及我们常见的太阳能热水技术等。
这两年随着我国房地产事业的发展,一大批建筑尤其是住宅楼拔地而起。许多楼盘都号称实现了太阳能与建筑的一体化,但实际上真正做到的很少。上述的新兴技术,现在还只是被用在了各种示范性建筑上,或是低层、别墅和大型公共建筑上,对于住宅楼这种单位建筑面积太阳能集热量相对较少的情况,各种太阳能技术能否有效应用值得深入探讨。
本文主要研究太阳能在住宅建筑中的综合应用技术,即研究这些技术与住宅楼的适用性,判断其是否可行,并针对南京这一特定地点,计算出适合南京的太阳能应用参数值,然后将这些应用参数值代入模拟系统,对高层和多层住宅楼不同太阳能利用方式进行方案模拟;本文还编写了在给定地点工况情况下太阳能热水系统集热器面积的计算程序。
Recently with the increasingly energy crisis and the environmental pollution problems, it is popular to using renewable energies. Thus, the solar energy, with its safe, clean and unlimited characteristics, is more and more concerned as one of the renewable energies. At present, series of application technologies of solar energy have been developed, some of which are been combined into the building in order to improve its performance or to save the energy. And some the solar energy systems are also used to reduce the emission of pollution. The examples are passive solar system, solar assisted heat pump, photovoltaic technology, and solar heat water system which is common in our life.
In the last two years, owing to the rapid development of real estate industry, a large number of constructions were built in our country. A lot of these buildings were called the integration of solar energy with constructions, actually just a few of them really were. Up to now, the above new technologies are only used in the model buildings , the low-rise buildings, villas, or some large public buildings. However, it is necessary to take farther study of the application of the solar energy technologies in the residential buildings, because the solar energy collection per construction area unit of the buildings is really small.
This paper is mainly concerned with the solar energy application in residential buildings. It analyses the situations of the residential buildings using these technologies, so as to determine if the systems are viable. And in connection with Nanjing's situation, this artical calculates corresponding application parameters, which are then used in the simulation systems. And the thesis also simulates several different solar energy application systems in the high-rise and multi-storey residential buildings. Besides, when the status of the site are given, the calculation program is provided to help to get the area of the solar water-heating equipment.
这两年随着我国房地产事业的发展,一大批建筑尤其是住宅楼拔地而起。许多楼盘都号称实现了太阳能与建筑的一体化,但实际上真正做到的很少。上述的新兴技术,现在还只是被用在了各种示范性建筑上,或是低层、别墅和大型公共建筑上,对于住宅楼这种单位建筑面积太阳能集热量相对较少的情况,各种太阳能技术能否有效应用值得深入探讨。
本文主要研究太阳能在住宅建筑中的综合应用技术,即研究这些技术与住宅楼的适用性,判断其是否可行,并针对南京这一特定地点,计算出适合南京的太阳能应用参数值,然后将这些应用参数值代入模拟系统,对高层和多层住宅楼不同太阳能利用方式进行方案模拟;本文还编写了在给定地点工况情况下太阳能热水系统集热器面积的计算程序。
Recently with the increasingly energy crisis and the environmental pollution problems, it is popular to using renewable energies. Thus, the solar energy, with its safe, clean and unlimited characteristics, is more and more concerned as one of the renewable energies. At present, series of application technologies of solar energy have been developed, some of which are been combined into the building in order to improve its performance or to save the energy. And some the solar energy systems are also used to reduce the emission of pollution. The examples are passive solar system, solar assisted heat pump, photovoltaic technology, and solar heat water system which is common in our life.
In the last two years, owing to the rapid development of real estate industry, a large number of constructions were built in our country. A lot of these buildings were called the integration of solar energy with constructions, actually just a few of them really were. Up to now, the above new technologies are only used in the model buildings , the low-rise buildings, villas, or some large public buildings. However, it is necessary to take farther study of the application of the solar energy technologies in the residential buildings, because the solar energy collection per construction area unit of the buildings is really small.
This paper is mainly concerned with the solar energy application in residential buildings. It analyses the situations of the residential buildings using these technologies, so as to determine if the systems are viable. And in connection with Nanjing's situation, this artical calculates corresponding application parameters, which are then used in the simulation systems. And the thesis also simulates several different solar energy application systems in the high-rise and multi-storey residential buildings. Besides, when the status of the site are given, the calculation program is provided to help to get the area of the solar water-heating equipment.
引文
[1]Deisl·Meados.The Limits to Growth.1972
[2]方丽.低层住宅建筑的太阳能热利用研究:河北工业大学,2005
[3]田琦.太阳能喷射式制冷.北京:科学出版社,2007
[4]王如竹,代彦军.太阳能制冷.北京:化学工业出版社,2007
[5]张鹤飞.太阳能热利用原理与计算机模拟(第二版).西安:西北工业大学出版社,2007
[6]Jordan.The interrelationship and characteristic distribution of direct,diffuse and solar radiation.Soloar energy,1960,4(3):19
[7]Hoyt.A model for the calculation of solar global insulation.Solar,1978,2(1):27.
[8]J.A.Duffle.Solar Enginerring of Thermal Processes:John & Sons.Inc,1980
[9]田琦.建筑南窗的节能分析太原理工大学学报,2001,2:189
[10]Erbs.Estimation of the diffuse radition fraction for hourly,daily and monthly-average global radiation.Solar Energy,1982,28(4):50
[11]张晴原.中国建筑用标准气象数据库.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[12]付祥钊.夏热冬冷地区建筑节能技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[13]卢晓刚.夏热冬冷地区窗的气候适应性研究.武汉:华中科技大学,2004
[14]孙喆.夏热冬冷地区多层住宅被动式太阳能设计策略研究.武汉:华中科技大学,2005
[15]民用建筑太阳能热水系统应用技术规范.GB50364-2005,2006
[16]张军杰.住宅建筑太阳能一体化构造设计.天津:天津大学,2006
[17]IEA-SHC.Solar Energy Activities in IEA Countries.IEA,2005:9
[18]刘成林.低温热水地板辐射采暖系统的节能性分析及系统的优化设计.湖南:湖南大学,2003
[19]王立璞.太阳能低温地板辐射采暖系统简介及经济性分析.《中国建设动态:阳光能源》,2006
[20]周兴红.低温地板辐射栗暧数值模拟及其性能分析.南京:南京理工大学,2004
[21]刘杰.太阳能—空气复合热源热泵机组的模拟研究.天津:天津城市建设学院,2008
[22]李永.太阳能—土壤复合式地源热泵运行特性研究.河北:河北工程大学,2007
[23]应振华,宋可生.陕西省太阳辐照分布及保证百分率.西安:陕西师范大学,1981
[24]毕文峰,王侃宏.太阳能辅助加热的土壤源热泵性能分析.全国暖通空调制冷2004年学术年会资料摘要集(2),2004
[25]彦启森.空气调节用制冷技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[26]王景刚,张子平,王侃宏等.涡旋压缩式地源热泵机组循环性能研究.河北建筑科技学院学报,2002,19(1):13
[27]中国建筑标准设计研究院.太阳能集中热水系统选用与安装,2006.
[28]何泉.太阳能热利用与集合住宅的一体化设计研究.天津:天津大学,2002
[30]齐政新,杨基春,石磊.利用太阳能地板采暖减少建筑能耗.中国能源,2001,6
[31]马伟斌,梅建滨,李戳洪等.太阳能空调系统性能分析.制冷学报,2000(4)
[32]陈光明,冯仰浦,王剑锋等一个用太阳能驱动的新型吸收制冷循环低温工程,1999,107(1)
[33]赵敬源,邱永亮.主动式太阳能建筑在西北地区的应用前景.西北建筑工程学院学报(自然科学版),2001,18(4)
[34]郭廷玮.太阳能的利用.北京:科学技术文献出版社,1998
[35]Anne Grete Hestes.Building Integration of Solar Energy System.Solar Energy,1999,67(4)
[36]Z.F.LS,K.Sumathy.Experimental Studies on a Solar Powered Air Conditioning System with Partitioned Hot Water Storage Tank.Solar Energy,2001,71(5)
[37]Michael Meub,Frank Spate.The Solar Heating System with Seasonal Storage at the Solar-Cumpus Julteh.Solar Energy,2001,71(1)
[38]Marc Rosenbaum,P.E.Solar Energy House.ASHRAE Journal,2000(9)
[39]Goktun S.Finite-time Optimization of a Solar-driven Heat Engine.Solar Energy.1996,56
[40]鲍鹤灵,张小松.太阳能空调系统特征方程的研究.太阳能学报,2000,21(2)
[41]鲍鹤灵.计算太阳能空调装置年制冷量的简化方法.东南大学学报,1998,28
[42]王磐.太阳能热水器在既有住宅中的应用研究.天津:天津大学,2003
[43]田琦.太阳能地板辐射采暖若干问题的探讨.华北工学院学报,2002
[44]陈希章,雷玉成,杨继昌.热管太阳能集热器系统的研究.能源工程,2001
[45]高辉.太阳能热水器的推广应用应重视建筑师的参与.中国太阳能学会 1999年“面向21世纪的太阳能”学术研讨会,1999.10
[46]陈永详,王殿池.J10409/2004.居住建筑节能设计标准.天津:天津市建设管 理委员会,2004
[47]齐政新,杨基春,石磊.利用太阳能地板采暖减少建筑能耗.中国能源,2001.6
[2]方丽.低层住宅建筑的太阳能热利用研究:河北工业大学,2005
[3]田琦.太阳能喷射式制冷.北京:科学出版社,2007
[4]王如竹,代彦军.太阳能制冷.北京:化学工业出版社,2007
[5]张鹤飞.太阳能热利用原理与计算机模拟(第二版).西安:西北工业大学出版社,2007
[6]Jordan.The interrelationship and characteristic distribution of direct,diffuse and solar radiation.Soloar energy,1960,4(3):19
[7]Hoyt.A model for the calculation of solar global insulation.Solar,1978,2(1):27.
[8]J.A.Duffle.Solar Enginerring of Thermal Processes:John & Sons.Inc,1980
[9]田琦.建筑南窗的节能分析太原理工大学学报,2001,2:189
[10]Erbs.Estimation of the diffuse radition fraction for hourly,daily and monthly-average global radiation.Solar Energy,1982,28(4):50
[11]张晴原.中国建筑用标准气象数据库.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[12]付祥钊.夏热冬冷地区建筑节能技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[13]卢晓刚.夏热冬冷地区窗的气候适应性研究.武汉:华中科技大学,2004
[14]孙喆.夏热冬冷地区多层住宅被动式太阳能设计策略研究.武汉:华中科技大学,2005
[15]民用建筑太阳能热水系统应用技术规范.GB50364-2005,2006
[16]张军杰.住宅建筑太阳能一体化构造设计.天津:天津大学,2006
[17]IEA-SHC.Solar Energy Activities in IEA Countries.IEA,2005:9
[18]刘成林.低温热水地板辐射采暖系统的节能性分析及系统的优化设计.湖南:湖南大学,2003
[19]王立璞.太阳能低温地板辐射采暖系统简介及经济性分析.《中国建设动态:阳光能源》,2006
[20]周兴红.低温地板辐射栗暧数值模拟及其性能分析.南京:南京理工大学,2004
[21]刘杰.太阳能—空气复合热源热泵机组的模拟研究.天津:天津城市建设学院,2008
[22]李永.太阳能—土壤复合式地源热泵运行特性研究.河北:河北工程大学,2007
[23]应振华,宋可生.陕西省太阳辐照分布及保证百分率.西安:陕西师范大学,1981
[24]毕文峰,王侃宏.太阳能辅助加热的土壤源热泵性能分析.全国暖通空调制冷2004年学术年会资料摘要集(2),2004
[25]彦启森.空气调节用制冷技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[26]王景刚,张子平,王侃宏等.涡旋压缩式地源热泵机组循环性能研究.河北建筑科技学院学报,2002,19(1):13
[27]中国建筑标准设计研究院.太阳能集中热水系统选用与安装,2006.
[28]何泉.太阳能热利用与集合住宅的一体化设计研究.天津:天津大学,2002
[30]齐政新,杨基春,石磊.利用太阳能地板采暖减少建筑能耗.中国能源,2001,6
[31]马伟斌,梅建滨,李戳洪等.太阳能空调系统性能分析.制冷学报,2000(4)
[32]陈光明,冯仰浦,王剑锋等一个用太阳能驱动的新型吸收制冷循环低温工程,1999,107(1)
[33]赵敬源,邱永亮.主动式太阳能建筑在西北地区的应用前景.西北建筑工程学院学报(自然科学版),2001,18(4)
[34]郭廷玮.太阳能的利用.北京:科学技术文献出版社,1998
[35]Anne Grete Hestes.Building Integration of Solar Energy System.Solar Energy,1999,67(4)
[36]Z.F.LS,K.Sumathy.Experimental Studies on a Solar Powered Air Conditioning System with Partitioned Hot Water Storage Tank.Solar Energy,2001,71(5)
[37]Michael Meub,Frank Spate.The Solar Heating System with Seasonal Storage at the Solar-Cumpus Julteh.Solar Energy,2001,71(1)
[38]Marc Rosenbaum,P.E.Solar Energy House.ASHRAE Journal,2000(9)
[39]Goktun S.Finite-time Optimization of a Solar-driven Heat Engine.Solar Energy.1996,56
[40]鲍鹤灵,张小松.太阳能空调系统特征方程的研究.太阳能学报,2000,21(2)
[41]鲍鹤灵.计算太阳能空调装置年制冷量的简化方法.东南大学学报,1998,28
[42]王磐.太阳能热水器在既有住宅中的应用研究.天津:天津大学,2003
[43]田琦.太阳能地板辐射采暖若干问题的探讨.华北工学院学报,2002
[44]陈希章,雷玉成,杨继昌.热管太阳能集热器系统的研究.能源工程,2001
[45]高辉.太阳能热水器的推广应用应重视建筑师的参与.中国太阳能学会 1999年“面向21世纪的太阳能”学术研讨会,1999.10
[46]陈永详,王殿池.J10409/2004.居住建筑节能设计标准.天津:天津市建设管 理委员会,2004
[47]齐政新,杨基春,石磊.利用太阳能地板采暖减少建筑能耗.中国能源,2001.6
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