实验动物生理信号的采集与处理
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摘要
在生命科学迅猛发展、国际竞争日趋激烈的今天,生物、医药领域成为许多国家研究开发的重点。而实验动物作为“人的替身”是生命科学、药学研究中必不可少的条件。实验动物的生理信号(心电、脑电、血压、呼吸、体温等)可反映其生命活动状态,因此对这些信号的实时检测结果直接影响到生命科学的研究水平。我国动物实验专用仪器的研制起步晚,研发能力弱,大多数实验还是采用人用仪器代替,影响了测量结果的准确性。
针对这一现状,同时考虑到传统生物医学测量仪器功能单一、无法更新的缺点,本文设计了一套基于虚拟仪器技术的实验动物生理信号采集与处理系统。该系统可采集十三个通道的数据,可分别对实验动物的体温、血压、心电等生理信号进行检测和处理。
文中简单介绍了实验动物各生理信号的检测原理,选择和设计了心电、血压和温度传感器,根据传感器输出的不同信号,设计了相应的调理电路。结合PCI-9112数据采集卡,利用虚拟仪器专用开发平台LabWindows/CVI研制了测试软件,将信号调理电路传来的信号读入计算机,并对采集到的心电、血压和温度等生理信号进行实时显示、存储、回放和处理。
文中利用数字滤波技术对采集的信号进行了处理,对心电信号的采集过程中混入的基线漂移、工频干扰等噪声进行了滤除,并达到了预期效果。
Nowadays, with the rapid development of the life sciences, the competition of international is more and more fierce. Experimental animals, as "a substitute of human", are the most important condition in the studies of life sciences and pharmacy. Experimental animals’physiological signals (ECG, EEG, BP, respiration, body temperature, etc.) can reflect their lives activity, so, monitoring these parameters in real-time results the level of life sciences research. However, in China, the equipments for experimental animals only are scarce, and the R & D capability is weak. Most of animal experiments use human instruments instead, which affect the accuracy of the studies inevitably.
In view of this status quo, this article designs a data detecting and processing system based on Virtual Instrument technology, which can acquire thirteen-channel experimental animals’physiological signals, such as the body temperature, BP, and ECG.
This article introduces the detecting theories of experimental animals’signals simply, and designs the physiological signal conditioning circuits. By use of the NI development platform-LabWindows/CVI and PCI-9112 data acquisition card, we are able to acquire animals’physiological signals. Meanwhile, we can display, process, store and play back the acquired data with the powerful functions of the PC.
During the acquisition, the experimental animal’s ECG will be inevitably mixed with some noises, such as base-line wander, frequency interference and so on. This article introduces digital filtering techniques, and removes the noises with digital filters.
针对这一现状,同时考虑到传统生物医学测量仪器功能单一、无法更新的缺点,本文设计了一套基于虚拟仪器技术的实验动物生理信号采集与处理系统。该系统可采集十三个通道的数据,可分别对实验动物的体温、血压、心电等生理信号进行检测和处理。
文中简单介绍了实验动物各生理信号的检测原理,选择和设计了心电、血压和温度传感器,根据传感器输出的不同信号,设计了相应的调理电路。结合PCI-9112数据采集卡,利用虚拟仪器专用开发平台LabWindows/CVI研制了测试软件,将信号调理电路传来的信号读入计算机,并对采集到的心电、血压和温度等生理信号进行实时显示、存储、回放和处理。
文中利用数字滤波技术对采集的信号进行了处理,对心电信号的采集过程中混入的基线漂移、工频干扰等噪声进行了滤除,并达到了预期效果。
Nowadays, with the rapid development of the life sciences, the competition of international is more and more fierce. Experimental animals, as "a substitute of human", are the most important condition in the studies of life sciences and pharmacy. Experimental animals’physiological signals (ECG, EEG, BP, respiration, body temperature, etc.) can reflect their lives activity, so, monitoring these parameters in real-time results the level of life sciences research. However, in China, the equipments for experimental animals only are scarce, and the R & D capability is weak. Most of animal experiments use human instruments instead, which affect the accuracy of the studies inevitably.
In view of this status quo, this article designs a data detecting and processing system based on Virtual Instrument technology, which can acquire thirteen-channel experimental animals’physiological signals, such as the body temperature, BP, and ECG.
This article introduces the detecting theories of experimental animals’signals simply, and designs the physiological signal conditioning circuits. By use of the NI development platform-LabWindows/CVI and PCI-9112 data acquisition card, we are able to acquire animals’physiological signals. Meanwhile, we can display, process, store and play back the acquired data with the powerful functions of the PC.
During the acquisition, the experimental animal’s ECG will be inevitably mixed with some noises, such as base-line wander, frequency interference and so on. This article introduces digital filtering techniques, and removes the noises with digital filters.
引文
[1] 张念华,赵英会等.实验动物的种类及其在医学上的应用[J].动物科学与动物医学,2003,20(3):12-14
[2] 恽时锋,胡玉红等.实验动物在现代化综合医院”医、教、研”发展中的作用[J].实验动物科学,2007,24(2):69-70
[3] Schauvliege S, Narine K. Refined anaesthesia for implantation of engineered experimental aortic valves in the pulmonary artery using a right heart bypass in sheep[J]. Lab Anim,2006,40(4):341-352
[4] Schutze M, Janda M. A surgical technique for catheterization of the sagittal sinus in pigs[J]. Lab Anim,2007,41(4):492-495
[5] Devey L, Festing MF. Effect of temperature control upon a mouse model of partial hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury[J]. Lab Anim, 2008,42(1):12-18
[6] 宋宇峰 .LabWindows/CVI 逐步深入与开发实例[M].北京 : 机械工业出版社社,2003,04
[7] 王建新,杨世凤.LabWindows/CVI 测试技术及工程应用[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2006,8
[8] 刘修鑫,孙德法等.实验动物心电参数自适应检测和分析系统[J].生物医学工程杂志,2000,17(1):111-113
[9] 王保华.生物医学测量与仪器[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2003,6
[10] Perkusich, A. Deep, G. S. An expert ECG acquisition and analysis system. Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 1989, 4:184-189
[11] 许锋,吴海锋,张榆锋,章克信.心电检测的安全隔离方案[J].信息技术,2003,05:68-69
[12] 孙良.多生理信号采集系统的研制.西北工业大学硕士生学位论文,2007:10-14
[13] 王 博 亮 , 刘迎春等 . 医用传感器及其接口技术 [M]. 北京 : 国防工业出版社,1998,9:18-22
[14] ADLink Technology Inc. 9112 Series Multi-function DAS Cards User’s Guide [Z].台北:ADLink Technology Inc, 2002
[15] 孙晓云,郭立炜.基于 LabWindows/CVI 的虚拟仪器设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005,7
[16] 张福波,张志伟,刘光军.LabWindows/CVI环境下调用MATLAB函数的实现方法[J].机床与液压,2004,18(8):110-113
[17] ADLink Technology Inc. PCIS- DASK Data Acquisition Software Development Kit User’s Guide [Z]. 台北:ADLink Technology Inc, 2002
[18] 覃战冰,邓斌.虚拟数字存储示波器软面板的设计[J].仪表技术,2006,6:31-33
[19] National Instruments Corporation [M]. LabWindows/CVI User Manual, 1995
[20] 李 鹏 飞 , 张 辉 . 基 于 LabWindows/CVI 和 Matlab 的 滤 波 器 设 计 [J]. 电 子 科技,2007,3:29-31
[21] 张利兵,丁建军,陈定方.LabWindows/CVI、Matlab 与VB混合编程的应用[J].湖北工学院学报,2004,19(3):110-112
[22] 彭飞武,熊平.论心电信号检测中的噪声与干扰及其消除方法[J].医疗卫生装备,2007,28(9):72-74
[23] 杨福生,吕扬生.生物医学信号的处理和识别[M].天津:天津科技翻译出版公司,1997,12
[24] Van Alste JA and Schiler TS. Removal of base-line wander power-line interference from ECG by an efficient FIR filter with a reduced number of taps [J]. IEEE, BME,1985,32(12):1052-1060
[25] 朱伟芳 , 齐春 . 一种实用的去基线漂移滤波算法 [J]. 苏州大学学报 ( 工科版),2006,26(1):62-64
[26] Ji Zhong, Qin Shu-ren. Methods for biomedical signal measurement and analysis based on virtual instrumentation[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, 2005, 9 (1):202-205
[27] 李俊敏 , 张晓光 . 基于小波变换的心电信号数据处理 [J]. 计量与测试技术,2006,33(10):32-33
[28] 蔡坤, 陆尧胜.基于中值滤波的心电基线校正方法的研究[J].医疗设备信息,2004,19(2):5-7
[29] 张泾周,张光磊,戴冠中.自适应算法与小波变换在心电信号滤波中的应用[J].生物医学工程杂志,2006,23(5):977-980
[2] 恽时锋,胡玉红等.实验动物在现代化综合医院”医、教、研”发展中的作用[J].实验动物科学,2007,24(2):69-70
[3] Schauvliege S, Narine K. Refined anaesthesia for implantation of engineered experimental aortic valves in the pulmonary artery using a right heart bypass in sheep[J]. Lab Anim,2006,40(4):341-352
[4] Schutze M, Janda M. A surgical technique for catheterization of the sagittal sinus in pigs[J]. Lab Anim,2007,41(4):492-495
[5] Devey L, Festing MF. Effect of temperature control upon a mouse model of partial hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury[J]. Lab Anim, 2008,42(1):12-18
[6] 宋宇峰 .LabWindows/CVI 逐步深入与开发实例[M].北京 : 机械工业出版社社,2003,04
[7] 王建新,杨世凤.LabWindows/CVI 测试技术及工程应用[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2006,8
[8] 刘修鑫,孙德法等.实验动物心电参数自适应检测和分析系统[J].生物医学工程杂志,2000,17(1):111-113
[9] 王保华.生物医学测量与仪器[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2003,6
[10] Perkusich, A. Deep, G. S. An expert ECG acquisition and analysis system. Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 1989, 4:184-189
[11] 许锋,吴海锋,张榆锋,章克信.心电检测的安全隔离方案[J].信息技术,2003,05:68-69
[12] 孙良.多生理信号采集系统的研制.西北工业大学硕士生学位论文,2007:10-14
[13] 王 博 亮 , 刘迎春等 . 医用传感器及其接口技术 [M]. 北京 : 国防工业出版社,1998,9:18-22
[14] ADLink Technology Inc. 9112 Series Multi-function DAS Cards User’s Guide [Z].台北:ADLink Technology Inc, 2002
[15] 孙晓云,郭立炜.基于 LabWindows/CVI 的虚拟仪器设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005,7
[16] 张福波,张志伟,刘光军.LabWindows/CVI环境下调用MATLAB函数的实现方法[J].机床与液压,2004,18(8):110-113
[17] ADLink Technology Inc. PCIS- DASK Data Acquisition Software Development Kit User’s Guide [Z]. 台北:ADLink Technology Inc, 2002
[18] 覃战冰,邓斌.虚拟数字存储示波器软面板的设计[J].仪表技术,2006,6:31-33
[19] National Instruments Corporation [M]. LabWindows/CVI User Manual, 1995
[20] 李 鹏 飞 , 张 辉 . 基 于 LabWindows/CVI 和 Matlab 的 滤 波 器 设 计 [J]. 电 子 科技,2007,3:29-31
[21] 张利兵,丁建军,陈定方.LabWindows/CVI、Matlab 与VB混合编程的应用[J].湖北工学院学报,2004,19(3):110-112
[22] 彭飞武,熊平.论心电信号检测中的噪声与干扰及其消除方法[J].医疗卫生装备,2007,28(9):72-74
[23] 杨福生,吕扬生.生物医学信号的处理和识别[M].天津:天津科技翻译出版公司,1997,12
[24] Van Alste JA and Schiler TS. Removal of base-line wander power-line interference from ECG by an efficient FIR filter with a reduced number of taps [J]. IEEE, BME,1985,32(12):1052-1060
[25] 朱伟芳 , 齐春 . 一种实用的去基线漂移滤波算法 [J]. 苏州大学学报 ( 工科版),2006,26(1):62-64
[26] Ji Zhong, Qin Shu-ren. Methods for biomedical signal measurement and analysis based on virtual instrumentation[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, 2005, 9 (1):202-205
[27] 李俊敏 , 张晓光 . 基于小波变换的心电信号数据处理 [J]. 计量与测试技术,2006,33(10):32-33
[28] 蔡坤, 陆尧胜.基于中值滤波的心电基线校正方法的研究[J].医疗设备信息,2004,19(2):5-7
[29] 张泾周,张光磊,戴冠中.自适应算法与小波变换在心电信号滤波中的应用[J].生物医学工程杂志,2006,23(5):977-980
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