基于32位RISC处理器的嵌入式SAR监控平台开发
|
摘要
现代科技的发展对SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar，合成孔径雷达)提出了更高的需求，高空、高速的载机环境使得雷达的数据处理量大大增加，对系统的实时性要求也大大提高；同时为适应各种复杂的环境，要求雷达系统具有高可靠性，这就给雷达监控的软硬件的处理能力、处理速度以及软硬件的可靠性提出了更高的要求。以ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)为代表的32位RISC处理器具备指令执行速度高、低功耗、支持多种操作系统等特点，基于它的嵌入式系统为雷达监控提供了新的解决方案。
嵌入式监控系统设计中软硬件平台的构建工作量大、难度高，却至关重要。本文成功地构建了基于ARM9的嵌入式平台，该平台采用新的Linux2.6操作系统内核，具有较好的实时性，支持多任务处理，平台可扩展、易裁减、通用性好，即可用于具体雷达监控项目中的上层开发，也能够应用到汽车电子、医疗器械等其它领域中，同时可以为类似的嵌入式系统研发提供参考。论文在对ARM监控平台开发的基础上完成了以下几方面工作：
1．在分析合成孔径雷达系统中监控部分的应用需求的基础上，进行总体设计。
2．在对ARM的体系结构、处理器编程特点、AT91RM9200处理器内部模块工作原理的研究和分析基础上，完成了对各个模块的电路的设计、调试和应用，并总结硬件设计和调试过程中的常见问题以及有效的解决方法。
3．探讨Bootloader的设计方法，成功地实现了针对本平台的Bootloader；并且研究在U-boot的基础上进行自主的功能开发的方法，添加自定义的命令；提出了基于U-boot的应用程序开发方法。
4．为本平台移植和配置Linux内核，创建根文件系统，并且结合本平台应用对基于Ramdisk的EXT2文件系统进行了优化，通过对比试验结果，验证了进行优化的可行性。
5．设计本平台在Linux下的串行通信程序模块，为具体的雷达监控上层应用提供了有效灵活的操作接口，在实际测试中使用效果良好；创建了基于gdb的远程交叉调试的工具，另外给出配置方法。
Technology Development brings higher requirement to SAR (SyntheticAperture Radar). Radar carriers' height and speed increase results in large amount ofdata to deal, so the radar system needs to have better real-time ability, higherprocessing speed, and better reliability. 32-bit RISC has high instruction speed, lowpower, and can support embedded OS well. Embedded system based on it gives anew solution to radar control and detect.
The most difficult and critical task to develop an embedded system is to buildthe software and hardware platform. This paper's objective is to build anARM-based embedded platform that can be extended and reduced easily fordifferent SAR control and detect systems, which is a valuable reference for similarembedded system developing. It has a high instruction speed, and because the newLinux2.60S core is used it supports multi-task dealing and has good real-timeability. The main research work for the paper is as follows:
1. Analyze SAR control and detect requirements and give the design plan of theplatform.
2. Study the architecture of ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) processor andanalyze the work principle and programming traits. Analyzed the moduleprinciples of AT91RM9200 that is based on ARM920T, and designed thehardware circuits for different modules; Gave the solution to problems found inhardware design and debug.
3. Discussed the methods to realize Bootloader, and researched the commonmethod to port U-boot to AT91RM9200 platform. Further more, did developingdepending on U-boot, and gave how to add a command to the U-boot, andfinally gave the way to develop base on U-boot and application software.
4. Research how to port Linux and configure the kernel, and build a root filesystem for this platform. And give a measure to optimize the Ramdisk based ext2 file system, which is proved to be effective through an experiment results.
5. Design the serial communication module software; build the crossing debugtools and give how to configure the tools and use them.
嵌入式监控系统设计中软硬件平台的构建工作量大、难度高，却至关重要。本文成功地构建了基于ARM9的嵌入式平台，该平台采用新的Linux2.6操作系统内核，具有较好的实时性，支持多任务处理，平台可扩展、易裁减、通用性好，即可用于具体雷达监控项目中的上层开发，也能够应用到汽车电子、医疗器械等其它领域中，同时可以为类似的嵌入式系统研发提供参考。论文在对ARM监控平台开发的基础上完成了以下几方面工作：
1．在分析合成孔径雷达系统中监控部分的应用需求的基础上，进行总体设计。
2．在对ARM的体系结构、处理器编程特点、AT91RM9200处理器内部模块工作原理的研究和分析基础上，完成了对各个模块的电路的设计、调试和应用，并总结硬件设计和调试过程中的常见问题以及有效的解决方法。
3．探讨Bootloader的设计方法，成功地实现了针对本平台的Bootloader；并且研究在U-boot的基础上进行自主的功能开发的方法，添加自定义的命令；提出了基于U-boot的应用程序开发方法。
4．为本平台移植和配置Linux内核，创建根文件系统，并且结合本平台应用对基于Ramdisk的EXT2文件系统进行了优化，通过对比试验结果，验证了进行优化的可行性。
5．设计本平台在Linux下的串行通信程序模块，为具体的雷达监控上层应用提供了有效灵活的操作接口，在实际测试中使用效果良好；创建了基于gdb的远程交叉调试的工具，另外给出配置方法。
Technology Development brings higher requirement to SAR (SyntheticAperture Radar). Radar carriers' height and speed increase results in large amount ofdata to deal, so the radar system needs to have better real-time ability, higherprocessing speed, and better reliability. 32-bit RISC has high instruction speed, lowpower, and can support embedded OS well. Embedded system based on it gives anew solution to radar control and detect.
The most difficult and critical task to develop an embedded system is to buildthe software and hardware platform. This paper's objective is to build anARM-based embedded platform that can be extended and reduced easily fordifferent SAR control and detect systems, which is a valuable reference for similarembedded system developing. It has a high instruction speed, and because the newLinux2.60S core is used it supports multi-task dealing and has good real-timeability. The main research work for the paper is as follows:
1. Analyze SAR control and detect requirements and give the design plan of theplatform.
2. Study the architecture of ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) processor andanalyze the work principle and programming traits. Analyzed the moduleprinciples of AT91RM9200 that is based on ARM920T, and designed thehardware circuits for different modules; Gave the solution to problems found inhardware design and debug.
3. Discussed the methods to realize Bootloader, and researched the commonmethod to port U-boot to AT91RM9200 platform. Further more, did developingdepending on U-boot, and gave how to add a command to the U-boot, andfinally gave the way to develop base on U-boot and application software.
4. Research how to port Linux and configure the kernel, and build a root filesystem for this platform. And give a measure to optimize the Ramdisk based ext2 file system, which is proved to be effective through an experiment results.
5. Design the serial communication module software; build the crossing debugtools and give how to configure the tools and use them.
引文
[1] mproved Marine Controls, Naval Forces special Supplement.International Forum form aritime power. 1996.pp30～33.
[2] Raj Kamal，Embedded Systems：Architecture，Programming and Design，北京：清华大学出版社，2005．
[3] Zhu Li, Zhang Jingsen, Zeng Ming, An Embedded System Architecture for Acoustic Signal Capturing and Orientation, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems (ICESS'05), 2005.
[4] Embedded Linux Outlook in the PostPC Industry, Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC'03), 2003.
[5] 丁鹭飞，耿富禄．雷达原理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1995．
[6] 张尧学，史美林．计算机操作系统教程．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[7] 杜春蕾．ARM体系结构与编程．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[8] 汤子裁，哲凤屏，汤小丹．计算机操作系统．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2001．
[9] Karim Yaghmour. Building Embedded Linux Systems. O'Reilly Media, Inc, 2003.
[10] 朱义君，杨育红，赵凯，段志英．AT91系列ARM核微处理器体系结构与开发实例．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．2005．
[11] 熊光泽，罗雷，嵌入式软件技术的现状与发展动向，计算机应用，2000．
[12] Craig Hollabaugh，嵌入式Linux：硬件、软件与接口．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．
[13] 毛德操，胡希明，Linux内核源代码情景分析．杭州：浙江大学出版社，2004．
[14] Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman, Linux Device Drivers (3rd Edition), O'Reilly Media, Inc. February 2005.
[15] ARM920T Technical Reference Manual, ARM Limited.2002.
[16] ARM920T based Microcontroller, ARM Limited.2001.
[17] ARM9TDMI Technical Refrence Manual, ARM Limited.2000.
[18] ARM920T Based Microcontroller AT91RM9200, Atmel Corporation, 2004.
[19] Max811/Max812 datasheet: 4-Pin μP Voltage Monitors with Manual Reset Input. Maxim Corporation, 1999.
[20] ARM JTAG调试原理．OPEN-JTAG开发小组，2004．
[21] HY57V281620HC(L/S) T Datasheet, Hynix Semiconductor, 2002.
[22] Am29LV160B:16 Megabit (2 M x 8-Bit/1 M x 16-Bit)CMOS 3.0 Volt-only Boot Sector Flash Memory, AMD Corporation, 1999.
[23] DM9161:10/100 Mbps Fast Ethernet Physical Layer TX/FX Single Chip Transceiver, Davicom Corporation, 2003.
[24] 孙天泽，袁文菊，张海峰，嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南．北京：电子工业出版社．2004．
[25] 潘浩，马艳敏，白瑛，李建雄．Bootloader在AT91RM9200系统的实现．微计算机信息．2007年，第23卷1-2期．
[26] 万永波，张根宝，田泽，杨峰，基于ARM的嵌入式系统Bootloader启动流程分析，微计算机信息，2005年，第21卷11-2期．
[27] The DENX U-BOOT and Linux Guide (DULG), http://www.denx.de/twiki/bim/view/DULG/Mannual.
[28] Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati, Understanding The Linux Kernel, 2nd Edition. O'Reilly Media, Inc. 2002.
[29] 李善平，刘文峰，李程远，等．LINUX内核2.4版源代码分析大全．北京：机械工业业出版社，2002．
[30] 李善平，陈文智等，Linux内核指导．杭州：浙江大学出版社，2002年．
[31] 林仕鼎，任爱华，王雷，周伯生，Linux内核在新型硬件平台上的实现，北京：北京航空航天大学学报，2003年，第29卷，第3期．
[32] Tatsuo Nakajima, Masatoshi Iw asaki, Issues for Making Linux Predictable, Proceedings of the 2002 Symposium on Applications and the Internet (SAINT.02w). 2002.
[33] 马忠梅，ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004．
[34] 周立功，ARM嵌入式系统基础教程．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2005．
[35] Amold Berger，(吕骏译)嵌入式系统设计，北京：电子工业出版社，2002．
[36] 郑桦，刘清，邢航，徐智穹，构造嵌入式Linux的文件系统，微计算机信息(测控自动化)，2004年第20卷第8期．
[37] 毛德操，胡希明著，嵌入式系统——采用公开源码和StrongARM／Xscale处理器．杭州：浙江大学出版社．
[38] William Stallings, Operating Systems: Intemals and Design Principles, 5th Edition, Publishing House of Electronics Industry.
[39] David Woodhouse, "JFFS: The Journalling Flash File System". RedHat Inc.
[40] 郑良辰，孙玉芳，日志文件系统在嵌入式存储设备上的实现，计算机科学，2002年第2期．
[41] Krithi Ramamritham, Kavi Arya, System Software for Embedded Applications, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on VLSI Design (VLSID'04). 2004
[42] Michael K. Johnson, Erik W. Troan, Linux Application Development. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2004.
[2] Raj Kamal，Embedded Systems：Architecture，Programming and Design，北京：清华大学出版社，2005．
[3] Zhu Li, Zhang Jingsen, Zeng Ming, An Embedded System Architecture for Acoustic Signal Capturing and Orientation, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems (ICESS'05), 2005.
[4] Embedded Linux Outlook in the PostPC Industry, Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC'03), 2003.
[5] 丁鹭飞，耿富禄．雷达原理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1995．
[6] 张尧学，史美林．计算机操作系统教程．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[7] 杜春蕾．ARM体系结构与编程．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[8] 汤子裁，哲凤屏，汤小丹．计算机操作系统．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2001．
[9] Karim Yaghmour. Building Embedded Linux Systems. O'Reilly Media, Inc, 2003.
[10] 朱义君，杨育红，赵凯，段志英．AT91系列ARM核微处理器体系结构与开发实例．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．2005．
[11] 熊光泽，罗雷，嵌入式软件技术的现状与发展动向，计算机应用，2000．
[12] Craig Hollabaugh，嵌入式Linux：硬件、软件与接口．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．
[13] 毛德操，胡希明，Linux内核源代码情景分析．杭州：浙江大学出版社，2004．
[14] Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman, Linux Device Drivers (3rd Edition), O'Reilly Media, Inc. February 2005.
[15] ARM920T Technical Reference Manual, ARM Limited.2002.
[16] ARM920T based Microcontroller, ARM Limited.2001.
[17] ARM9TDMI Technical Refrence Manual, ARM Limited.2000.
[18] ARM920T Based Microcontroller AT91RM9200, Atmel Corporation, 2004.
[19] Max811/Max812 datasheet: 4-Pin μP Voltage Monitors with Manual Reset Input. Maxim Corporation, 1999.
[20] ARM JTAG调试原理．OPEN-JTAG开发小组，2004．
[21] HY57V281620HC(L/S) T Datasheet, Hynix Semiconductor, 2002.
[22] Am29LV160B:16 Megabit (2 M x 8-Bit/1 M x 16-Bit)CMOS 3.0 Volt-only Boot Sector Flash Memory, AMD Corporation, 1999.
[23] DM9161:10/100 Mbps Fast Ethernet Physical Layer TX/FX Single Chip Transceiver, Davicom Corporation, 2003.
[24] 孙天泽，袁文菊，张海峰，嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南．北京：电子工业出版社．2004．
[25] 潘浩，马艳敏，白瑛，李建雄．Bootloader在AT91RM9200系统的实现．微计算机信息．2007年，第23卷1-2期．
[26] 万永波，张根宝，田泽，杨峰，基于ARM的嵌入式系统Bootloader启动流程分析，微计算机信息，2005年，第21卷11-2期．
[27] The DENX U-BOOT and Linux Guide (DULG), http://www.denx.de/twiki/bim/view/DULG/Mannual.
[28] Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati, Understanding The Linux Kernel, 2nd Edition. O'Reilly Media, Inc. 2002.
[29] 李善平，刘文峰，李程远，等．LINUX内核2.4版源代码分析大全．北京：机械工业业出版社，2002．
[30] 李善平，陈文智等，Linux内核指导．杭州：浙江大学出版社，2002年．
[31] 林仕鼎，任爱华，王雷，周伯生，Linux内核在新型硬件平台上的实现，北京：北京航空航天大学学报，2003年，第29卷，第3期．
[32] Tatsuo Nakajima, Masatoshi Iw asaki, Issues for Making Linux Predictable, Proceedings of the 2002 Symposium on Applications and the Internet (SAINT.02w). 2002.
[33] 马忠梅，ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004．
[34] 周立功，ARM嵌入式系统基础教程．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2005．
[35] Amold Berger，(吕骏译)嵌入式系统设计，北京：电子工业出版社，2002．
[36] 郑桦，刘清，邢航，徐智穹，构造嵌入式Linux的文件系统，微计算机信息(测控自动化)，2004年第20卷第8期．
[37] 毛德操，胡希明著，嵌入式系统——采用公开源码和StrongARM／Xscale处理器．杭州：浙江大学出版社．
[38] William Stallings, Operating Systems: Intemals and Design Principles, 5th Edition, Publishing House of Electronics Industry.
[39] David Woodhouse, "JFFS: The Journalling Flash File System". RedHat Inc.
[40] 郑良辰，孙玉芳，日志文件系统在嵌入式存储设备上的实现，计算机科学，2002年第2期．
[41] Krithi Ramamritham, Kavi Arya, System Software for Embedded Applications, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on VLSI Design (VLSID'04). 2004
[42] Michael K. Johnson, Erik W. Troan, Linux Application Development. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2004.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |