南京市居住区植物景观研究
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摘要
居住区绿地是城市园林绿地的重要组成部分,是改善城市生态环境的重要环节。随着人们生活水平的普遍提高,居住区绿化越来越受到重视,人们在呼吁高绿地率、高绿化率的同时,对小区的植物配置要求也越来越高。因此,深入研究居住区植物景观,是提高南京市居住区整体水平的前提条件。
本文在对南京市九个居住区进行实地考察的基础上,将居住区植物景观划分为中心组团绿地植物景观、组团绿地植物景观、宅旁绿地植物景观、水景区植物景观。分别对九个居住区四种类型植物景观进行植物种类、群落数量结构等实地调查,基于调查结果,运用生态群落学、景观美学等原理,从生态性、艺术性两个角度,对四种类型植物景观进行分析与比较,总结出南京市居住区植物景观在生态效益与景观效果上的特点。研究表明:南京市居住区四种类型植物景观群落多样性指数普遍偏低,水景区乔木层多样性指数相对较低,灌木层多样性指数相对较高,均匀度指数整体较高。组团绿地乔木层多样性指数相对较高,灌木层多样性指数相对较低,均匀度指数整体较低。植物景观视觉效果上,水景区效果最佳,其次是宅旁绿地,中心组团绿地次之,组团绿地视觉效果不佳。结合因子分析,发现南京市居住区植物景观视觉效果由四个潜在因子组成,即舒适因子、环境因子、空间因子、形式因子。在参考前人的基础上,根据因子分析结果,构建了居住区植物景观评价体系,并对南京市九个居住区进行了植物景观综合评价,基于评价结果,总结了几种优良的植物配置模式,以便设计时参考。
Greenland of residential areas is an important part of urban space and the main links of improving the urban ecological system.With the improvement of people’s living standard, the greening of residential area is laid emphasis on gradually.Appealling to the high greening rate and the high greenland rate, people’s request on the plant design of residential areas is more and more.Therefore,research on the characteristics of the plant landscape is the condition of improving the whole exaltation layer of residential areas in Nanjing.
This paper selected nine residential areas as the main research object.Based on the investigation, the plant landscape of residential areas was divided as the center green open space, the green open space, the side green space, the water space.According to the investigation of the plant composition and the cluster fall structure, the different plant landscapes of residential areas was carried on concrete analysis,the comparison and the comprehensive evaluation, concluding the characteristics of the plant landscape and the better modes of the plant design.The research result is as follows:the species diversity index of the woody in the water space is relatively low,the species diversity index of the shrubbery is relatively high, the species even index of the plants is high;the species diversity index of the woody in the green open space is relatively high, the species diversity index of the shrubbery is relatively low, the species even index of the plant is low.The analysis to the visual effect of the nine residential areas from higher to lower is:the water space plant landscape, the side green space plant landscape, the center green open space plant landscape, the green open space plant landscape.According to the factor analysis, concluding that the visual effect of plant landscape was composed by comfort factor, environment factor, space factor, form factor.Based on some people’s research and the result of the factor analysis, a plant landscape comprehensive evaluation system was established and applied to the plant design of residential areas.Based on the result of the comprehensive evaluation, many plant configuration mode with beautiful plant landscape was proposed, which is suitable for plant design.
本文在对南京市九个居住区进行实地考察的基础上,将居住区植物景观划分为中心组团绿地植物景观、组团绿地植物景观、宅旁绿地植物景观、水景区植物景观。分别对九个居住区四种类型植物景观进行植物种类、群落数量结构等实地调查,基于调查结果,运用生态群落学、景观美学等原理,从生态性、艺术性两个角度,对四种类型植物景观进行分析与比较,总结出南京市居住区植物景观在生态效益与景观效果上的特点。研究表明:南京市居住区四种类型植物景观群落多样性指数普遍偏低,水景区乔木层多样性指数相对较低,灌木层多样性指数相对较高,均匀度指数整体较高。组团绿地乔木层多样性指数相对较高,灌木层多样性指数相对较低,均匀度指数整体较低。植物景观视觉效果上,水景区效果最佳,其次是宅旁绿地,中心组团绿地次之,组团绿地视觉效果不佳。结合因子分析,发现南京市居住区植物景观视觉效果由四个潜在因子组成,即舒适因子、环境因子、空间因子、形式因子。在参考前人的基础上,根据因子分析结果,构建了居住区植物景观评价体系,并对南京市九个居住区进行了植物景观综合评价,基于评价结果,总结了几种优良的植物配置模式,以便设计时参考。
Greenland of residential areas is an important part of urban space and the main links of improving the urban ecological system.With the improvement of people’s living standard, the greening of residential area is laid emphasis on gradually.Appealling to the high greening rate and the high greenland rate, people’s request on the plant design of residential areas is more and more.Therefore,research on the characteristics of the plant landscape is the condition of improving the whole exaltation layer of residential areas in Nanjing.
This paper selected nine residential areas as the main research object.Based on the investigation, the plant landscape of residential areas was divided as the center green open space, the green open space, the side green space, the water space.According to the investigation of the plant composition and the cluster fall structure, the different plant landscapes of residential areas was carried on concrete analysis,the comparison and the comprehensive evaluation, concluding the characteristics of the plant landscape and the better modes of the plant design.The research result is as follows:the species diversity index of the woody in the water space is relatively low,the species diversity index of the shrubbery is relatively high, the species even index of the plants is high;the species diversity index of the woody in the green open space is relatively high, the species diversity index of the shrubbery is relatively low, the species even index of the plant is low.The analysis to the visual effect of the nine residential areas from higher to lower is:the water space plant landscape, the side green space plant landscape, the center green open space plant landscape, the green open space plant landscape.According to the factor analysis, concluding that the visual effect of plant landscape was composed by comfort factor, environment factor, space factor, form factor.Based on some people’s research and the result of the factor analysis, a plant landscape comprehensive evaluation system was established and applied to the plant design of residential areas.Based on the result of the comprehensive evaluation, many plant configuration mode with beautiful plant landscape was proposed, which is suitable for plant design.
引文
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[5] 高琳琳.上海市居住区景观环境中植物的配置与应用[D].南京:南京农业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
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[11] 江岚.现代园林植物造景意境研究—“点”空间植物造景初探[D].南京:南京林业大学硕士学位论文,2004.
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[14] 李珏.植物造景案例研究—以杭州市西湖风景名胜区为例[D] .杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2005.
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[24] 彭慕海等.北方居住区绿化植物选择与配置[J].辽宁林业科技,2003,3:31-32.
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