镇江新区利用外资的策略研究
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摘要
在当今世界,国际直接投资(FDI)与国际贸易、国际技术转让一样,已经成为推动经济全球化的主要力量。2006年,全球国际直接投资达13060亿美元,其中我国实际吸引外商直接投资达694.68亿美元,已连续多年位居发展中国家和地区之首。
江苏镇江新区作为我国长三角区域中一个中等水平的经济开发区,通过积极实施经济国际化的战略,大力发展外向型经济,利用外资工作取得了很大成绩,外商直接投资也成为全区经济发展的主要增长点,外资对提升该区的整体经济发展水平起到了重要作用。因此,以镇江新区为例研究外商直接投资的效应具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。
本文以国际直接投资理论和经济增长理论为依据,运用统计数据,阐明FDI对镇江新区在经济发展过程中所产生的积极作用。重点以镇江新区利用外资情况为主要研究对象,并以“十一五”期间我国利用外资的总体规划为指导,运用SWOT分析法,从战略的高度分析镇江新区的内部竞争要素和外部竞争环境,研究镇江新区在新时期下如何在大力吸引FDI的同时,不断提高引资的质量,加强FDI的集聚,提高当地企业的技术创新能力和扩大国外市场,从而制定有效的招商策略。
Nowadays, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has already become the main influence of driving the economic globalization just as international trade and international technological transfer. In 2006, Total amount of FDI was up to 1306 billion US dollars all over the world. China has totally attracted FDI up to over 69.468 billion US dollars, and has been ranking the first place in developing countries and areas for many years.
Jiangsu Zhenjiang New Area can be regarded as a representative of standard level industrial park in Yangtze River Delta. Zhenjiang New Area has actively been engaged in implementing the strategy of economic internationalization, developing export-oriented economy in a more cost-effective manner, and making great progress in utilizing foreign capital. FDI has become the determinant of economic growth and played a supporting role in advancing the development of the whole area. Therefore, it is of great significance both in theory and practice to conduct the study on the effects of FDI on local economy of Zhenjiang New Area.
Guide by Foreign Direct Investment theory and Economic Development theory and based on the relative statistical data as well, This research expatiates positive effects of FDI on economy of Zhenjiang New Area especial referenced by China General Guidance in using FDI during the 11~(th) 5 years period. Meanwhile, taking Zhenjiang New Area as a study object and using SWOT analyzing method, this article has analyzed both internal and exterior competitive environment of Zhenjiang New Area and brought forward strategic suggestions as a result of how to become more efficient in FDI investment promotion, how to improve FDI quality and how to strengthen industrial agglomeration effect in this area.
江苏镇江新区作为我国长三角区域中一个中等水平的经济开发区,通过积极实施经济国际化的战略,大力发展外向型经济,利用外资工作取得了很大成绩,外商直接投资也成为全区经济发展的主要增长点,外资对提升该区的整体经济发展水平起到了重要作用。因此,以镇江新区为例研究外商直接投资的效应具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。
本文以国际直接投资理论和经济增长理论为依据,运用统计数据,阐明FDI对镇江新区在经济发展过程中所产生的积极作用。重点以镇江新区利用外资情况为主要研究对象,并以“十一五”期间我国利用外资的总体规划为指导,运用SWOT分析法,从战略的高度分析镇江新区的内部竞争要素和外部竞争环境,研究镇江新区在新时期下如何在大力吸引FDI的同时,不断提高引资的质量,加强FDI的集聚,提高当地企业的技术创新能力和扩大国外市场,从而制定有效的招商策略。
Nowadays, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has already become the main influence of driving the economic globalization just as international trade and international technological transfer. In 2006, Total amount of FDI was up to 1306 billion US dollars all over the world. China has totally attracted FDI up to over 69.468 billion US dollars, and has been ranking the first place in developing countries and areas for many years.
Jiangsu Zhenjiang New Area can be regarded as a representative of standard level industrial park in Yangtze River Delta. Zhenjiang New Area has actively been engaged in implementing the strategy of economic internationalization, developing export-oriented economy in a more cost-effective manner, and making great progress in utilizing foreign capital. FDI has become the determinant of economic growth and played a supporting role in advancing the development of the whole area. Therefore, it is of great significance both in theory and practice to conduct the study on the effects of FDI on local economy of Zhenjiang New Area.
Guide by Foreign Direct Investment theory and Economic Development theory and based on the relative statistical data as well, This research expatiates positive effects of FDI on economy of Zhenjiang New Area especial referenced by China General Guidance in using FDI during the 11~(th) 5 years period. Meanwhile, taking Zhenjiang New Area as a study object and using SWOT analyzing method, this article has analyzed both internal and exterior competitive environment of Zhenjiang New Area and brought forward strategic suggestions as a result of how to become more efficient in FDI investment promotion, how to improve FDI quality and how to strengthen industrial agglomeration effect in this area.
引文
1 Hymmer,Stephan.The International Operations of National Firms[M].Cambridge,MIT Press,1976
2 R.Vernon.International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle[J].Quarterterly Journal of Economics,1966,(80):190-207.
3 武海峰等著.国际直接投资发展研究[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002.
4 J.Dunning.Trade,Location of Economic activity and the Multinational Enterprise:A Search,of an Eclectic Approach[M].Macmillan,London,1977.
5小岛清.对外贸易论[M].周宝廉译.天津:南开大学出版社,1987.
[01]联合国贸易与发展会议2006年世界投资报告[M].中国财政经济出版社,2006
[02]王洛林.中国外商投资报告2004--2006[M].中国社会科学出版社,2006
[03]王彦军.对外直接投资理论综述[J].价值中国,2006.4
[04]杨大楷.国际投资学[M].上海财经大学出版社,1998年8月第1版
[05]小岛清.对外贸易论[M].南开大学出版社,1987年1月第1版
[06]刘冬林.东道国贸易环境对外国直接投资的影响[M].经济科学出版社,2005
[07]陈雪松.产业集群的形成及其可持续发展 暨南大学硕士学位论文[C],2003
[08]彭有轩.国际直接投资理论与政策研究[M].中国财政经济出版社,2003
[09]魏后凯.外国直接投资的区域分布及其经济增长效应[J].经济研究,2002年第11期
[10]贺灿飞.外商直接投资区位 理论分析与实证研究[M].中国经济出版社,2005
[11]鲁明泓.国际直接投资区位决定因素[M].南京大学出版社,2000
[12]陈明森.外商投资的技术转移、技术外溢及其结构差异[J].国际贸易问题,2005年第3期
[13]毛新雅.SE桂新.FDI区位决策中的产业集聚因素[J].财经科学,2005年第9期
[14]周礼.关于外商直接投资技术外溢效应的研究 浙江工业大学硕士学位论文[C],2003
[15]陈国宏 邵赟.技术引进与我国工业技术进步关系研究[J].科研管理,2005
[16]李琴.FDI流入与我国对外贸易关系的实证分析[J].世界经济研究,2004第9期
[17]张谊浩 王胜英.国际贸易与对外直接投资相互关系的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2004年第3期
[18]罗良文 刘辉.外商直接投资的就业效应分析[J].华中农业大学学报,2004年第5期
[19]朱金生 张轶.外商直接投资对我国就业的影响[J].商业时代,2004第6期
[20]http://www.fdi.gov.cn.中国投资指南
[21]http://www.china-info.com.cn 中国经济数据网
[22]http://www.cdz.cn 中国开发区网
[23]http://www.stats.gov.cn 国家统计局网
[24]赵晋平.利用外资与中中国经济增长[M].人民出版社,2001
[25]张立群.利用外资与中国经济增长的关系[J].改革,2005
[26]曹伟.外商直接投资对中国经济增长影响的实证分析[J].世界经济研究,2005
[27]江小娟.中国的外资经济——对增长、结构升级和竞争力的贡献[M].中国人民大学出版社,2000
[28]国家发展和改革委员会.利用外资“十一五”规划2006
[29]镇江新区经济科技(统计)局.镇江新区国民经济和社会发展综合情况,1998-2006
[30]镇江市统计局.镇江市社会经济统计资料,1998-2006
[31]镇江年鉴1991-1995、2004.方志出版社
[32]http://www.zjstats.gov.cn 镇江统计信息网
[33]吴云清.镇江市沿江开发与产业发展研究南京师范大学硕士学位论文[C],2003
[34]朱英明.长江三角洲地区外商投资企业空间集群与地区增长[J].中国工业经济,2002年第24期
[35]朱书军.江苏省外商直接投资效应研究江苏大学硕士学位论文[C],2002
[36]徐冬青.“十一五”时期江苏利用外资的战略调整取向[J].南京社会科学,2006年第12期
[37]姚小霞.江苏利用外资的成就与特点[J].现代经济探讨,2004年第9期
[38]郭春华 王亮.我国政府招商引资对策研究[J].技术经济与管理研究,2006年第15期
[39]汪榆婷.招商引资与区域经济增长[J].经济观察,2006年第31期
[40]张文涛.中国招商引资模式的探讨与研究 山东大学硕士学位论文[C],2005
[41]http://www.jssb.gov.cn 江苏统计局网
[42]葛顺奇 郑小洁.中国31个省市利用外资业绩与潜力比较研究[J].世界经济,2004
[43]Hymmer,Stephan.The International Operations of National Firms[M].Cambridge,MIT Press,1976.
[44]R.Vernon..International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle[J].Quarterterly Journal of Economics,1966,80:190-207.
[45]J.Dunning.Trade,Location of Economic activity and the Multinational Enterprise:A Search,of an Eclectic Approach[M].Macmillan,London,1977.
[46]Richard A.Brecher,EliasDinopoulos and T.N.Srinivasan.(1987),Quid Pro Quo Foreign Investment and Welfare:A Political Economy Theoretical Model,Journal Of Development Economics,October27
[47]Dinopoulos, Elias and Kar-yiu Wong(1991),Quid Pro Quo Foreign Investment and Political Intervention, in K.A. Koekkoek and C.B.M.Mennes,eds.
[48]BatizR.& BatizL.(1991), The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment in the Presence of Increasing Returns Duet Specialization, Journal of Development Economics
[49]KokkoA.(1994),Technology, Market Characteristic, and Spillovers, Journal of Development Economics
[50]Louis T.Weils: The Internationalization of Firms from the Developing Countries, in Tamir Agmon and Charles P.Kindleberger, Multinationals from Small Countries[M]. CambridgeMass, MIT press, 1976.
[51] Walid Hejazi.Trade, Foreign Investment, and R&D Spillovers [J].Journal of International Business Studies, Third Quarter.
[52] Joze P.Damijan, Mark Knell, Boris Majcen and Matija Rojec. (2003), Technology Transfer through FDI in Top-10 Transition Countries: How Important are Direct Effects, Horizontal and Vertical Spillovers.
[53] Bhagwati, JagdishN., Richard A.Brecher, EliasDinopoulos and T.N.Srinivasan. (1987),Quid Pro Quo Foreign Investment and Welfare: A Political Economy Theoretical Model, Journal Of Development Economics,October27.
[54]International Trade and Global Development: Essays in Honour of Jagdish Bhagwati, London: Routledge
[55] Forest Trun., The International Operations of National Firms[M].Cambridge, MIT Press, Economic Forum 1989
2 R.Vernon.International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle[J].Quarterterly Journal of Economics,1966,(80):190-207.
3 武海峰等著.国际直接投资发展研究[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002.
4 J.Dunning.Trade,Location of Economic activity and the Multinational Enterprise:A Search,of an Eclectic Approach[M].Macmillan,London,1977.
5小岛清.对外贸易论[M].周宝廉译.天津:南开大学出版社,1987.
[01]联合国贸易与发展会议2006年世界投资报告[M].中国财政经济出版社,2006
[02]王洛林.中国外商投资报告2004--2006[M].中国社会科学出版社,2006
[03]王彦军.对外直接投资理论综述[J].价值中国,2006.4
[04]杨大楷.国际投资学[M].上海财经大学出版社,1998年8月第1版
[05]小岛清.对外贸易论[M].南开大学出版社,1987年1月第1版
[06]刘冬林.东道国贸易环境对外国直接投资的影响[M].经济科学出版社,2005
[07]陈雪松.产业集群的形成及其可持续发展 暨南大学硕士学位论文[C],2003
[08]彭有轩.国际直接投资理论与政策研究[M].中国财政经济出版社,2003
[09]魏后凯.外国直接投资的区域分布及其经济增长效应[J].经济研究,2002年第11期
[10]贺灿飞.外商直接投资区位 理论分析与实证研究[M].中国经济出版社,2005
[11]鲁明泓.国际直接投资区位决定因素[M].南京大学出版社,2000
[12]陈明森.外商投资的技术转移、技术外溢及其结构差异[J].国际贸易问题,2005年第3期
[13]毛新雅.SE桂新.FDI区位决策中的产业集聚因素[J].财经科学,2005年第9期
[14]周礼.关于外商直接投资技术外溢效应的研究 浙江工业大学硕士学位论文[C],2003
[15]陈国宏 邵赟.技术引进与我国工业技术进步关系研究[J].科研管理,2005
[16]李琴.FDI流入与我国对外贸易关系的实证分析[J].世界经济研究,2004第9期
[17]张谊浩 王胜英.国际贸易与对外直接投资相互关系的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2004年第3期
[18]罗良文 刘辉.外商直接投资的就业效应分析[J].华中农业大学学报,2004年第5期
[19]朱金生 张轶.外商直接投资对我国就业的影响[J].商业时代,2004第6期
[20]http://www.fdi.gov.cn.中国投资指南
[21]http://www.china-info.com.cn 中国经济数据网
[22]http://www.cdz.cn 中国开发区网
[23]http://www.stats.gov.cn 国家统计局网
[24]赵晋平.利用外资与中中国经济增长[M].人民出版社,2001
[25]张立群.利用外资与中国经济增长的关系[J].改革,2005
[26]曹伟.外商直接投资对中国经济增长影响的实证分析[J].世界经济研究,2005
[27]江小娟.中国的外资经济——对增长、结构升级和竞争力的贡献[M].中国人民大学出版社,2000
[28]国家发展和改革委员会.利用外资“十一五”规划2006
[29]镇江新区经济科技(统计)局.镇江新区国民经济和社会发展综合情况,1998-2006
[30]镇江市统计局.镇江市社会经济统计资料,1998-2006
[31]镇江年鉴1991-1995、2004.方志出版社
[32]http://www.zjstats.gov.cn 镇江统计信息网
[33]吴云清.镇江市沿江开发与产业发展研究南京师范大学硕士学位论文[C],2003
[34]朱英明.长江三角洲地区外商投资企业空间集群与地区增长[J].中国工业经济,2002年第24期
[35]朱书军.江苏省外商直接投资效应研究江苏大学硕士学位论文[C],2002
[36]徐冬青.“十一五”时期江苏利用外资的战略调整取向[J].南京社会科学,2006年第12期
[37]姚小霞.江苏利用外资的成就与特点[J].现代经济探讨,2004年第9期
[38]郭春华 王亮.我国政府招商引资对策研究[J].技术经济与管理研究,2006年第15期
[39]汪榆婷.招商引资与区域经济增长[J].经济观察,2006年第31期
[40]张文涛.中国招商引资模式的探讨与研究 山东大学硕士学位论文[C],2005
[41]http://www.jssb.gov.cn 江苏统计局网
[42]葛顺奇 郑小洁.中国31个省市利用外资业绩与潜力比较研究[J].世界经济,2004
[43]Hymmer,Stephan.The International Operations of National Firms[M].Cambridge,MIT Press,1976.
[44]R.Vernon..International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle[J].Quarterterly Journal of Economics,1966,80:190-207.
[45]J.Dunning.Trade,Location of Economic activity and the Multinational Enterprise:A Search,of an Eclectic Approach[M].Macmillan,London,1977.
[46]Richard A.Brecher,EliasDinopoulos and T.N.Srinivasan.(1987),Quid Pro Quo Foreign Investment and Welfare:A Political Economy Theoretical Model,Journal Of Development Economics,October27
[47]Dinopoulos, Elias and Kar-yiu Wong(1991),Quid Pro Quo Foreign Investment and Political Intervention, in K.A. Koekkoek and C.B.M.Mennes,eds.
[48]BatizR.& BatizL.(1991), The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment in the Presence of Increasing Returns Duet Specialization, Journal of Development Economics
[49]KokkoA.(1994),Technology, Market Characteristic, and Spillovers, Journal of Development Economics
[50]Louis T.Weils: The Internationalization of Firms from the Developing Countries, in Tamir Agmon and Charles P.Kindleberger, Multinationals from Small Countries[M]. CambridgeMass, MIT press, 1976.
[51] Walid Hejazi.Trade, Foreign Investment, and R&D Spillovers [J].Journal of International Business Studies, Third Quarter.
[52] Joze P.Damijan, Mark Knell, Boris Majcen and Matija Rojec. (2003), Technology Transfer through FDI in Top-10 Transition Countries: How Important are Direct Effects, Horizontal and Vertical Spillovers.
[53] Bhagwati, JagdishN., Richard A.Brecher, EliasDinopoulos and T.N.Srinivasan. (1987),Quid Pro Quo Foreign Investment and Welfare: A Political Economy Theoretical Model, Journal Of Development Economics,October27.
[54]International Trade and Global Development: Essays in Honour of Jagdish Bhagwati, London: Routledge
[55] Forest Trun., The International Operations of National Firms[M].Cambridge, MIT Press, Economic Forum 1989
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