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党参种质资源的评价研究
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摘要
本研究以党参(Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.)主产区共计12份种质为研究材料,观测比较了各种质主要性状,通过数理统计对部分性状进行了数量遗传学分析;以浸出物和多糖等活性成分的含量为品质评价指标,分析比较了各种质的品质;利用AFLP分子标记技术研究了各种质的遗传多样性和亲缘关系。现将主要研究结果总结如下:
     1.各种质间形态性状特征没有明显的分化,各种质群体内同一性状表现多样的差异。
     2.主要经济性状单株根鲜重、根干重和根粗种质间呈极显著差异,这三个性状上吉林抚松种质表现最佳;相关性分析表明,单株根鲜重与叶片长度、地上部分干重呈极显著负相关;单株根鲜重具有较高水平的遗传力,其遗传增量为58.8%。对单株根鲜重进行选择,会有明显的效果。
     3.各种质的品质存在明显差异。综合评价,吉林抚松、山西五台、甘肃文县、山西平顺、甘肃通渭种质为优。
     4.党参物种水平和种质群体水平均具有丰富的多样性。各种质遗传距离与地理距离呈一定的相关趋势。
     5.综合经济和品质性状分析结果,认为,吉林抚松党参种质可作为选育优良品系的种源。
In this study, twelve germplasm resources of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. were collectedfrom different main habitats and following aspects were carried out.
     1. Studied on main characters of all germplasm recources. Basing on the testing data of characters,we worked out inheritance analysis.
     2. Assessed the quality of different germplasm resources.
     3. Analysised genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among all germplasm resources.
     The results are as follows.
     1. No obvious differentiation of morphological charaters among all germplasm resources, but richdiversity on the same character was observed.
     2. The main economic characters including root weight of single fresh plant,width of root and dryweight of root have significant variance among the germplasm resources.On these three charaters, thegermplasm resource from Fusong is best. Correlation coefficient indicates that fresh root weight ofsingle plant and width of root have significant negative correlation with length of leave and dry weightof the upper ground part.Genetic ability analysis shows root weight of single fresh plant has highergenetic ability, and its△G′equals to 58.8%. So we may obtain good progress by selecting thecharacter of weight of single fresh root.
     3. The result of quality comparison shows that there are enough variances among differentgermplasm resources. Evaluating comprehensively, the germplasm resources from Fusong, Wutai,Wenxian, Pingshun and Tongwei are better.
     4. The analysis by the method of molecular biology AFLP indicates that enough diversity can befound in both species and germplasm populations. And there is some correlation between geneticdistance and geographical one.
     5. Considering economic characters and quality, the germplasm resource from Fusong is best, whichcan be use as the materials for advanced lines.
引文
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