农民工劳动权利保护研究
|
摘要
农民工已成为支撑我国工业化发展的重要力量,在传统体制之外开辟了一条工农之间、城乡之间生产要素流动的新通道,为第二、三产业的发展提供了源源不断的低成本劳动力,填补了制造业、建筑业、餐饮服务业等劳动密集型产业的岗位空缺,他们为城市繁荣、农村发展和国家现代化建设作出了重大贡献。但农民工的劳动权利却得不到与城镇职工同等保护。劳动权是由就业权、报酬权、休息权、职业安全权、职业培训权、民主管理权、集体劳动权、社会保障权等一系列权利所构成的权利系统,在这个系统中,就业权是基础和前提,因为没有就业权,其他劳动权利无从实现。报酬权和社会保障权是核心,集体劳动权等其他权利是保障。在我国,农民工是劳动者的组成部分,其劳动权利与其他劳动者并无二致。实践中,农民工的就业权、工资报酬权、职业安全权、社会保障权,受到不公正的待遇,城乡分割的二元户籍制度,劳动力供大于求的现实、劳动法律法规和政策的缺位和不完善、执法部门的不作为、农民工集体劳权的缺失等,是形成农民工与城镇居民在劳动权利方面不平等的主要原因。保护农民工劳动权利是保障人权、维护社会公平正义,保持社会和谐稳定的需要。因此,找出兼顾农民工劳动权利保护和社会发展利益、有效系统地全面解决相关问题的方案,必须完善现有法制与政策体系,在必要时制定新的法律和法规政策,如迅速取消对农民工就业的各种政策限制;确保农民工获得合理的工资报酬;健全劳动保护机制与劳动监察、安全监管措施,确保农民工的生命与健康权益不受损害;将农民工强制性地纳入工伤保险机制和建立相应的医疗保障、分类建立相应的养老保险制度和特殊的救助机制,确保农民工的劳动权利得到保护。
Migrant workers have become a major force supporting China's industrialization. It cut a new channel between urban and rural areas in the running of production factors outside of the traditional system. It supplied streams of low-cost labor to the second and tertiary industries in filling the vacant positions in the manufacturing, construction, catering services and other labor-intensive industries. It made a significant contribution to the urban prosperity, rural development and the modernization of the state. However, the labor rights of peasant workers did not get the equal protection as those of urban workers. Labor rights are a right system consisted of the right to employment, remuneration right of rest, occupational safety, training, democratic management, collective labor rights, the right to social security and other rights. In this system, the right of employment is the basis and premise, because other workers' rights can not be realized without the right to employment. The right to return and the right to social security is the core, the collective labor rights and other rights are guarantee. In China, migrant workers are an integral part of the laborers, their labor rights are same as those of other laborers.
The various chapters of this paper focuses on the migrant workers' right to employment, the right to wages, occupational safety and social security. The reason of the unfair treatment to peasant workers was analyzed. The dual urban-rural divisions household registration system, the reality of labor oversupply, the absence or faultiness of labor laws, regulations and policies, the inaction of law-enforcement agencies, the absence of collective labor rights of migrant workers are the main causes of the unequal treatment. The paper pointed out that the protection of labor rights of migrant workers is the protection of human rights, safeguarding social equity and justice and maintaining social harmony and stability needs. Therefore, in order to find out the solution to give attention to both the protection of labor rights of the migrant workers and the intrest of social development, the current legal system and policy system shall be perfected. If necessary, new policy of laws and regulations, such as the rapid lifting of the employment of migrant workers policy constraints, ensuring that farmers get reasonable wages, sound labor protection and labor inspection mechanism, safety control measures to ensure that the lives of migrant workers with health interests will not be harmed, mandatory inclusion of migrant workers to industrial injury insurance mechanism and the establishment of appropriate medical protection, classification established corresponding pension insurance system and special rescue support mechanisms shall be made to ensure that migrant workers' labor rights are protected.
Migrant workers have become a major force supporting China's industrialization. It cut a new channel between urban and rural areas in the running of production factors outside of the traditional system. It supplied streams of low-cost labor to the second and tertiary industries in filling the vacant positions in the manufacturing, construction, catering services and other labor-intensive industries. It made a significant contribution to the urban prosperity, rural development and the modernization of the state. However, the labor rights of peasant workers did not get the equal protection as those of urban workers. Labor rights are a right system consisted of the right to employment, remuneration right of rest, occupational safety, training, democratic management, collective labor rights, the right to social security and other rights. In this system, the right of employment is the basis and premise, because other workers' rights can not be realized without the right to employment. The right to return and the right to social security is the core, the collective labor rights and other rights are guarantee. In China, migrant workers are an integral part of the laborers, their labor rights are same as those of other laborers.
The various chapters of this paper focuses on the migrant workers' right to employment, the right to wages, occupational safety and social security. The reason of the unfair treatment to peasant workers was analyzed. The dual urban-rural divisions household registration system, the reality of labor oversupply, the absence or faultiness of labor laws, regulations and policies, the inaction of law-enforcement agencies, the absence of collective labor rights of migrant workers are the main causes of the unequal treatment. The paper pointed out that the protection of labor rights of migrant workers is the protection of human rights, safeguarding social equity and justice and maintaining social harmony and stability needs. Therefore, in order to find out the solution to give attention to both the protection of labor rights of the migrant workers and the intrest of social development, the current legal system and policy system shall be perfected. If necessary, new policy of laws and regulations, such as the rapid lifting of the employment of migrant workers policy constraints, ensuring that farmers get reasonable wages, sound labor protection and labor inspection mechanism, safety control measures to ensure that the lives of migrant workers with health interests will not be harmed, mandatory inclusion of migrant workers to industrial injury insurance mechanism and the establishment of appropriate medical protection, classification established corresponding pension insurance system and special rescue support mechanisms shall be made to ensure that migrant workers' labor rights are protected.
引文
[1]台湾黄越钦先生认为,雇主方义务不履行时,劳方是否得以工作环境为由主张同时履行抗辩,值得研究。参见黄越钦著《劳动法新论》,中国政法大学出版社,2003年4月版,第437页。
[1]饶惠霞,刘磊.城镇统筹:创造平等的就业环境[J].中国劳动,2006,(8):8
[2]参见蒋月等著.中国农民工劳动权利保护研究[M].北京:法律出版社2006:56-58,216,107,193
[3]http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2006-03/28/content-4354231.htm
[4]国际人权法教程项目组:国际人权法教程(第一卷)[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2002:301
[5]参见许建宇.社会法视野中的劳动权—作为社会权的劳动权之基本范畴解析[M].载林嘉主编《劳动法评论(第一卷)》,北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005:70,66,134
[6]参见冯彦君.劳动权论略[J].原载《社会科学战线》,2003(1),现载人大复印报刊资料《经济法学、劳动法学》,2003,(6):34,35,37
[7]董保华等.社会法原论[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2001:313
[8]参见沈同仙.劳动权探析[J].法学,1997,(8)
[9]常凯.劳权论—当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2004:7,157-158,158,163-164,170
[10]参见陈步雷.论劳动权利体系及其分析工具—兼论劳动权利的一种新的研究范式[J].工会理论与实践,2004,(3):8
[11]关彬枫.试论劳动法与劳动者的人权保障[J].载人大报刊复印资料《经济法学、劳动法学》,2001,(8):50
[12]“当前农民工流动就业数量、结构与特点”[N].中国劳动保障报,2005-8-3
[13]郑功成.对农民工问题的基本判断[J].中国劳动,2006,(8):11
[14]转引自周长征.WTO的“社会条款”之争与中国的劳动标准[J].载人大报刊复印资料《经济法学、劳动法学》,2001,(9):55
[15]肖泽晟.宪法学.关于人权保障与权力控制的学说[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:215
[16][美]波斯纳.正义—司法的经济学[M].苏力译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2002:75
[17][美]E.博登海默.法理学—法律哲学与法律方法[M].邓正来译.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2004(修订版):309
[18]俞德鹏.“职业保留法”评析[J].载人大复印资料《经济法学、劳动法学》,2001,(4)
[19]郑功成.农民工的权益与社会保障[J].社会保障制度,2002,(10):28
[20]郑功成.用平等理念打造劳动法制[J].中国劳动,2005,(2):15
[21]董保华主编.劳动关系调整的社会化与国际化[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2006:171
[22]林嘉.论我国就业歧视的法律调控[J].河南社会科学,2006,(5):20
[23]参见苏海南.保障农民工的劳动报酬权[J].中国劳动,2006,(9):13-14
[24]傅静坤.劳动合同中的解约金问题研究[J].现代法学,2000,(5):40
[25]参见张文山.论劳动者的工资保障制度—兼论(劳动法)的修改[J].载《(劳动法)实施十周年理论研讨会暨中国劳动法学研究会年会论文集》,第54页
[26]吕斌.论民工工资的清欠与劳动争议法制的完善[J].政法论坛,2004,(2):63
[27]刘卫国,刘林瑞.加快企业劳动保障诚信制度建设的探讨[J].载《(劳动法)实施十周年理论研讨会暨中国劳动法学研究会年会论文集》,2004:397
[28]参见翟玉娟.深港两地欠薪保障法律制度比较研究[J].天津市政法管理干部学院学报,2004,(3):47-53,人大复印资料《经济法学、劳动法学》2004,(12):61-63
[29]Richard johnstone Michael Quinlan,The OSH Regulatory Challenges Posed by Agency Workers:Evidence From Australia,Employee Relation 28,no 3(2006),at6.
[30]参见李真.职业之痛——穿越时空的倾诉[M].北京:华夏出版社,2004,15-16
[31]王力争:中国职业安全卫生管理体系认证[J].2002,(6):22
[32]沃尔夫根·冯·李希霍芬著.劳动监察[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2004:7
[33]迟景明,孙波.社会保障权的基本概念辨析[J].大连海事大学学报(社科版),2006,(2):108
[34]王全兴 汪敏.我国农民工社会保险立法初探[J].律师世界,2003,(5):4,5,193,6,6,6
[35]杨立雄.建立农民工社会保障制度的可行性研究[J].社会,2003,(9):40,40,41
[36]章群,牛忠江.和谐社会语境下的农民工社会保险制度[J].中国法学会社会法学研究会2007年年会论文集.长春.2007:461,463,468
[37]李华.我国农民工社会保障法律制度研究[J].中国知网优秀硕士论文。
[38]李长健,李伟.和谐语境下农民社会保障权的法律保护[J].北方论丛,2006,(5)
[39]杨思斌.中国社会保险法制建设述评[J].中国法学会社会法学研究会2007年年会论文集.长春.2007:517
[40]何平.农民工社会保险如何推进一访劳动保障部社会保障研究所所长何平[J].中国劳动,2006,(10):7
[1]饶惠霞,刘磊.城镇统筹:创造平等的就业环境[J].中国劳动,2006,(8):8
[2]参见蒋月等著.中国农民工劳动权利保护研究[M].北京:法律出版社2006:56-58,216,107,193
[3]http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2006-03/28/content-4354231.htm
[4]国际人权法教程项目组:国际人权法教程(第一卷)[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2002:301
[5]参见许建宇.社会法视野中的劳动权—作为社会权的劳动权之基本范畴解析[M].载林嘉主编《劳动法评论(第一卷)》,北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005:70,66,134
[6]参见冯彦君.劳动权论略[J].原载《社会科学战线》,2003(1),现载人大复印报刊资料《经济法学、劳动法学》,2003,(6):34,35,37
[7]董保华等.社会法原论[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2001:313
[8]参见沈同仙.劳动权探析[J].法学,1997,(8)
[9]常凯.劳权论—当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2004:7,157-158,158,163-164,170
[10]参见陈步雷.论劳动权利体系及其分析工具—兼论劳动权利的一种新的研究范式[J].工会理论与实践,2004,(3):8
[11]关彬枫.试论劳动法与劳动者的人权保障[J].载人大报刊复印资料《经济法学、劳动法学》,2001,(8):50
[12]“当前农民工流动就业数量、结构与特点”[N].中国劳动保障报,2005-8-3
[13]郑功成.对农民工问题的基本判断[J].中国劳动,2006,(8):11
[14]转引自周长征.WTO的“社会条款”之争与中国的劳动标准[J].载人大报刊复印资料《经济法学、劳动法学》,2001,(9):55
[15]肖泽晟.宪法学.关于人权保障与权力控制的学说[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:215
[16][美]波斯纳.正义—司法的经济学[M].苏力译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2002:75
[17][美]E.博登海默.法理学—法律哲学与法律方法[M].邓正来译.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2004(修订版):309
[18]俞德鹏.“职业保留法”评析[J].载人大复印资料《经济法学、劳动法学》,2001,(4)
[19]郑功成.农民工的权益与社会保障[J].社会保障制度,2002,(10):28
[20]郑功成.用平等理念打造劳动法制[J].中国劳动,2005,(2):15
[21]董保华主编.劳动关系调整的社会化与国际化[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2006:171
[22]林嘉.论我国就业歧视的法律调控[J].河南社会科学,2006,(5):20
[23]参见苏海南.保障农民工的劳动报酬权[J].中国劳动,2006,(9):13-14
[24]傅静坤.劳动合同中的解约金问题研究[J].现代法学,2000,(5):40
[25]参见张文山.论劳动者的工资保障制度—兼论(劳动法)的修改[J].载《(劳动法)实施十周年理论研讨会暨中国劳动法学研究会年会论文集》,第54页
[26]吕斌.论民工工资的清欠与劳动争议法制的完善[J].政法论坛,2004,(2):63
[27]刘卫国,刘林瑞.加快企业劳动保障诚信制度建设的探讨[J].载《(劳动法)实施十周年理论研讨会暨中国劳动法学研究会年会论文集》,2004:397
[28]参见翟玉娟.深港两地欠薪保障法律制度比较研究[J].天津市政法管理干部学院学报,2004,(3):47-53,人大复印资料《经济法学、劳动法学》2004,(12):61-63
[29]Richard johnstone Michael Quinlan,The OSH Regulatory Challenges Posed by Agency Workers:Evidence From Australia,Employee Relation 28,no 3(2006),at6.
[30]参见李真.职业之痛——穿越时空的倾诉[M].北京:华夏出版社,2004,15-16
[31]王力争:中国职业安全卫生管理体系认证[J].2002,(6):22
[32]沃尔夫根·冯·李希霍芬著.劳动监察[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2004:7
[33]迟景明,孙波.社会保障权的基本概念辨析[J].大连海事大学学报(社科版),2006,(2):108
[34]王全兴 汪敏.我国农民工社会保险立法初探[J].律师世界,2003,(5):4,5,193,6,6,6
[35]杨立雄.建立农民工社会保障制度的可行性研究[J].社会,2003,(9):40,40,41
[36]章群,牛忠江.和谐社会语境下的农民工社会保险制度[J].中国法学会社会法学研究会2007年年会论文集.长春.2007:461,463,468
[37]李华.我国农民工社会保障法律制度研究[J].中国知网优秀硕士论文。
[38]李长健,李伟.和谐语境下农民社会保障权的法律保护[J].北方论丛,2006,(5)
[39]杨思斌.中国社会保险法制建设述评[J].中国法学会社会法学研究会2007年年会论文集.长春.2007:517
[40]何平.农民工社会保险如何推进一访劳动保障部社会保障研究所所长何平[J].中国劳动,2006,(10):7
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |