上海市电力隧道监控系统的研究
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摘要
随着整个社会、经济的迅速发展,对城市电网的容量和供电可靠性提出了更高的要求。特别在类似上海这样的中心城市土地资源异常稀缺的今天,采用电力隧道内敷设大截面电缆的供电方式已经成为满足中心城区高负荷密度和高负荷增长需要的有效手段。本文对目前正在开展的单一电力隧道建设,以及今后将逐步形成的电力隧道网络的监控形式、管理方式以及其具体实现作了探索性的研究,提出了相应的原则意见。
论文从上海城市电网发展对电力隧道建设的需要出发,回顾了电力隧道运行监控的发展过程,分析、评价了电力隧道建设的现状与发展方向,从全面提升电力隧道建设和运行管理水平的角度,论证了建立“电力隧道监控系统”的必要性。
在借鉴公路隧道、城市共同沟等工业现场监控系统及其发展历程的基础上,结合对相关技术的跟踪和探讨,提出了“应用数字化传感技术、微处理器技术、总线技术、网络通信技术、数据处理技术、图像处理技术、多媒体技术和控制等技术,完成信息采集、数据传输、综合处理和集成控制功能,最终实现对电力隧道内电力电缆的运行状态、运行环境和各类辅助设备进行有效监控的多功能综合性监控系统”的概念。阐述了电力隧道监控系统应该遵循的主要设计原则,论述了需要实现的三种不同层次的主要功能。
论文分析了电力隧道的实际结构、环境特点和监控系统的具体功能需求,根据工业现场总线和以太网技术的发展现状,提出电力隧道监控系统宜采用分层分布式混合网络结构,整个集成系统应包括现场测控和管理控制两个层次。现场测控层采用高速现场总线技术构成多个按隧道区段和个别按特殊功能需要组成的子系统,相对独立地布置分布式现场总线监控系统;管理控制层采用10/100M工业嵌入式以太网(Ethernet)来实现现场测控层的接入和系统集成,完成对众多信息的综合处理和系统协调控制功能。
电力隧道监控系统以电缆运行状况的实时监测为主,同时还应兼顾对隧道环境(包括空气温度、气体含量、积水、供电、照明设备)监控、火灾预警和消防联动控制、远程图像监控等功能的实现。对电缆本体的实时状态监测主要通过采用分布式光纤测温子系统和在线绝缘检测子系统共同完成对电缆负载水平、总体绝缘状况等信息的实时在线监测;对隧道环境信息及相关辅助设备状态的监控则主要通过各类现场传感器信息采集、设备状态信息反馈、信号的处理和传输、监控中心服务器对各种(指不同种类或同一种类不同时间段)信号的综合分析、监控系统的指令发送及执行等一系列流程来加以实现;火灾预警和消防联动控制功能的实现则需要整个电力隧道监控系统根据预置程序和操控流程,将各功能子系统迅速有效地集成、协调有序地实现火灾联动控制和后续处理,以最大程度限制事件影响范围,保证电网安全稳定和人身安全。
论文结合目前电网建设的特点和现状,还提出了现阶段电力隧道监控技术进一步发展所必须面临的一些设备管理矛盾、外部环境发展不协调以及亟待解决的技术难关等现实问题。
With the fast development of the whole society and economy in cities, it needs bigger capacity and higher security of power system. Especially in center cities like Shanghai, for there is a serious lack of earth resource, the power supply method of laying big section power cable in a power tunnel is becoming a kind of efficient measure of satisfying the high charge density and increase. This thesis about investigation of power tunnel surveillance and control systems will fathom surveillance & control and management methods of both single power tunnel and power tunnel system, and will make precursor suggestions of how to realize it.
First, from the need, the actual state and the development directions of power tunnel construction, this thesis analyses and estimates the development process and actual level of power tunnel’s surveillance & control system. From the point of complete promoting the construction and management level, it demonstrates the necessary of founding“power tunnel’s surveillance & control system”.
Second, on the base of learning and reference to highroad and combined pipe trench, this thesis creatively defines“power tunnel’s surveillance & control systems”with“multi-function integrated surveillance & control systems using digital sensing technology, microprocessor technology, bus technology, network communications technology, data processing technology, image processing technology, multimedia technology and control technology to complete information collection, data transmission, processing and comprehensive integrated control functions, and to ultimately realize the effective surveillance and control to power cables'running state, the environment and various auxiliary equipment in a tunnel”. And it clearly puts forward the main design principles the system should followed, as well as three different levels main functions which need to achieve.
Third, based on the actual cable tunnel structure, environmental characteristics and the specific system functional requirements, according to the development of industrial fieldbus and Ethernet technology, this thesis identifies the surveillance and control system should adopt the distributed mixed layered network architecture, and the integrated system should include local surveillance and control level and management control level. At the lower level -local surveillance and control level, the distributed fieldbus monitor system is composed of different subsystems which collecting and processing real-time information and constituted by either tunnel section or special function. At the higher level- management control level, the system uses 10/100M Industrial-Embedded-Ethernet to achieve its access and integration to the local surveillance and control level, and it completes multitudinous information on the integrated and coordinated control accordingly.
The operation of the power cable real-time monitoring should be the main task of a power tunnel surveillance & control system which composed by distributed mixed layered network. At the same time, the system should take into account environmental monitoring(including surveillance & control of air temperature, air content, stagnant water, electricity supply and electricity supply etc), fire early-warning and fire fight runing, remote video surveillance, and other functions should be achieved. Thereinto, the system incorporates optic fiber temperature measurement subsystem and online insulation testing subsystem to monitor the power cable load levels, the overall state of insulation, and other information of surveillance on the cable real-time status. Thereinto, the surveillance & condition on the tunnel environmental information and related auxiliary equipment condition is realized through a series of processes which including information collection by different kinds of local sensors, information feedback about equitments state, signal processing and transmission, comprehensive analyse to multiplicate signal (different sort and term) by center server, demand send and execution etc. In addition, in order tp accomplish the function of fire forewarn and fire linkage control, the system need to intergrate all subsystem information swiftly and efficiently to excute the fire fight running and succedent disposal in succession, in order to do the greatest extent possible restrictions on the scope of the impact of disaster events and to ensure the safe and stable operation of power grids and personal safety.
Finally, based on the above research on the basis of the outcome of characteristics and status of the existing power grid construction, this thesis realistically puts forward some problems have to meet with the development of power tunnel surveillance and control system such as conflict of equitment management and disharmonic outer environment development and some technology ploblem, etc.
论文从上海城市电网发展对电力隧道建设的需要出发,回顾了电力隧道运行监控的发展过程,分析、评价了电力隧道建设的现状与发展方向,从全面提升电力隧道建设和运行管理水平的角度,论证了建立“电力隧道监控系统”的必要性。
在借鉴公路隧道、城市共同沟等工业现场监控系统及其发展历程的基础上,结合对相关技术的跟踪和探讨,提出了“应用数字化传感技术、微处理器技术、总线技术、网络通信技术、数据处理技术、图像处理技术、多媒体技术和控制等技术,完成信息采集、数据传输、综合处理和集成控制功能,最终实现对电力隧道内电力电缆的运行状态、运行环境和各类辅助设备进行有效监控的多功能综合性监控系统”的概念。阐述了电力隧道监控系统应该遵循的主要设计原则,论述了需要实现的三种不同层次的主要功能。
论文分析了电力隧道的实际结构、环境特点和监控系统的具体功能需求,根据工业现场总线和以太网技术的发展现状,提出电力隧道监控系统宜采用分层分布式混合网络结构,整个集成系统应包括现场测控和管理控制两个层次。现场测控层采用高速现场总线技术构成多个按隧道区段和个别按特殊功能需要组成的子系统,相对独立地布置分布式现场总线监控系统;管理控制层采用10/100M工业嵌入式以太网(Ethernet)来实现现场测控层的接入和系统集成,完成对众多信息的综合处理和系统协调控制功能。
电力隧道监控系统以电缆运行状况的实时监测为主,同时还应兼顾对隧道环境(包括空气温度、气体含量、积水、供电、照明设备)监控、火灾预警和消防联动控制、远程图像监控等功能的实现。对电缆本体的实时状态监测主要通过采用分布式光纤测温子系统和在线绝缘检测子系统共同完成对电缆负载水平、总体绝缘状况等信息的实时在线监测;对隧道环境信息及相关辅助设备状态的监控则主要通过各类现场传感器信息采集、设备状态信息反馈、信号的处理和传输、监控中心服务器对各种(指不同种类或同一种类不同时间段)信号的综合分析、监控系统的指令发送及执行等一系列流程来加以实现;火灾预警和消防联动控制功能的实现则需要整个电力隧道监控系统根据预置程序和操控流程,将各功能子系统迅速有效地集成、协调有序地实现火灾联动控制和后续处理,以最大程度限制事件影响范围,保证电网安全稳定和人身安全。
论文结合目前电网建设的特点和现状,还提出了现阶段电力隧道监控技术进一步发展所必须面临的一些设备管理矛盾、外部环境发展不协调以及亟待解决的技术难关等现实问题。
With the fast development of the whole society and economy in cities, it needs bigger capacity and higher security of power system. Especially in center cities like Shanghai, for there is a serious lack of earth resource, the power supply method of laying big section power cable in a power tunnel is becoming a kind of efficient measure of satisfying the high charge density and increase. This thesis about investigation of power tunnel surveillance and control systems will fathom surveillance & control and management methods of both single power tunnel and power tunnel system, and will make precursor suggestions of how to realize it.
First, from the need, the actual state and the development directions of power tunnel construction, this thesis analyses and estimates the development process and actual level of power tunnel’s surveillance & control system. From the point of complete promoting the construction and management level, it demonstrates the necessary of founding“power tunnel’s surveillance & control system”.
Second, on the base of learning and reference to highroad and combined pipe trench, this thesis creatively defines“power tunnel’s surveillance & control systems”with“multi-function integrated surveillance & control systems using digital sensing technology, microprocessor technology, bus technology, network communications technology, data processing technology, image processing technology, multimedia technology and control technology to complete information collection, data transmission, processing and comprehensive integrated control functions, and to ultimately realize the effective surveillance and control to power cables'running state, the environment and various auxiliary equipment in a tunnel”. And it clearly puts forward the main design principles the system should followed, as well as three different levels main functions which need to achieve.
Third, based on the actual cable tunnel structure, environmental characteristics and the specific system functional requirements, according to the development of industrial fieldbus and Ethernet technology, this thesis identifies the surveillance and control system should adopt the distributed mixed layered network architecture, and the integrated system should include local surveillance and control level and management control level. At the lower level -local surveillance and control level, the distributed fieldbus monitor system is composed of different subsystems which collecting and processing real-time information and constituted by either tunnel section or special function. At the higher level- management control level, the system uses 10/100M Industrial-Embedded-Ethernet to achieve its access and integration to the local surveillance and control level, and it completes multitudinous information on the integrated and coordinated control accordingly.
The operation of the power cable real-time monitoring should be the main task of a power tunnel surveillance & control system which composed by distributed mixed layered network. At the same time, the system should take into account environmental monitoring(including surveillance & control of air temperature, air content, stagnant water, electricity supply and electricity supply etc), fire early-warning and fire fight runing, remote video surveillance, and other functions should be achieved. Thereinto, the system incorporates optic fiber temperature measurement subsystem and online insulation testing subsystem to monitor the power cable load levels, the overall state of insulation, and other information of surveillance on the cable real-time status. Thereinto, the surveillance & condition on the tunnel environmental information and related auxiliary equipment condition is realized through a series of processes which including information collection by different kinds of local sensors, information feedback about equitments state, signal processing and transmission, comprehensive analyse to multiplicate signal (different sort and term) by center server, demand send and execution etc. In addition, in order tp accomplish the function of fire forewarn and fire linkage control, the system need to intergrate all subsystem information swiftly and efficiently to excute the fire fight running and succedent disposal in succession, in order to do the greatest extent possible restrictions on the scope of the impact of disaster events and to ensure the safe and stable operation of power grids and personal safety.
Finally, based on the above research on the basis of the outcome of characteristics and status of the existing power grid construction, this thesis realistically puts forward some problems have to meet with the development of power tunnel surveillance and control system such as conflict of equitment management and disharmonic outer environment development and some technology ploblem, etc.
引文
[1]宋牟平,汤伟中(Song Mouping,Tang Weizhong),《实现高空间分辩率分布式光纤传感器的理论分析(Theoretic analysis of the schemes for realizing high spatial resolution》,《光通信技术(Optical Communication Technology)》1999,23
[2]白树忠,南新志 《变电站综合自动化实时数据库管理系统的研究与开发》 《电力系统及其自动化学报》,2002,14(3):43-46.
[3]黄智勇,《城市防洪泵站计算机监控系统的设计》,《水电自动化与大坝监测》, 2004.1.
[4]吴道虎,张守庭,余洪,《工业 Ethernet 的改进措施及其实际可靠应用案例》,《 世界仪表与自动化》, 2003.1.
[5]徐皑冬,《基于以太网的工业控制网》,《信息与控制》,2000,4.
[6]夏继强,邢春香,《现场总线工业控制网络技术》,《北京航空航天大学出版社》,2005.05
[7]邬宽明,《现场总线技术应用选编》,《北京航空航天大学出版社》,2003
[8]唐济扬,《基于现场总线技术的先进控制系统》,《制造业自动化》,2000.7,31-35
[9]张云生,祝晓红,《网络控制系统》,重庆大学出版社,2003
[10]李正军,《现场总线与工业以太网及其应用系统设计》,北京,人民邮电出版社,2006
[11]习博,方彦军,《嵌入式监测系统中网络通信的研究与实现》,《电力自动化设备》,2004.7.
[12]边宁宁,费敏锐,《一种基于工业以太网的控制系统的设计与实现》,《仪器仪表学报》,2003.8.
[13]成继勋,沈洪远,《广义现场总线标准与工业以太网》,《电气自动化》,2002.24(4),8-11.
[14]缪学勤,《现场总线技术的最新进展》,《自动化仪表》,2000,21(6),1-4
[15]冯晓升,《中国现场总线标准体系的形成与实施》,《世界仪表与自动化(IIAC′2001 论文集)》,2001.9,138-142
[16]夏锋,孙优贤,《工业以太网应用性能分析》,《电气传动》,2004.02,40-43
[17]王荣莉,雷斌,《工业以太网技术的现状与发展》,《自动化博览》,2004,04,63-65
[18]周明,《现场总线控制》,北京,中国电力出版社,2002.
[19]阳宪惠,《现场总线技术及其应用》,北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[20]陈积明,王智,孙优贤,《工业以太网的研究现状及展望》,《化工自动化及仪表》,2001,6
[21]徐皑冬,王宏,杨志家,《基于以太网的工业控制系统网络》.《信息与控制》,2000,2(29),182-186
[22]张臣雄,《全光网络演进的发展》,《现代通信》,2002.4
[23]刘桥,蒋梁中,谢存禧等,《集散控制系统与现场总线控制系统》,《现代电子技术》,2003.13
[24]彭道刚,杨平,杨艳华,《现场总线技术的现状与展望》,《机电一体化》,2004.2
[25]高天云,《现场总线技术及标准化现状》,《中国仪器仪表》,2003.4
[26]冯小倩,郑晓泉,王以田,《XLPE 电缆在线自动绝缘诊断技术研究》,《电工技术杂志》,2004.5
[27]陆志雄,郁诺,《交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘在线检测技术》,《电工技术杂志》,2004.4
[2]白树忠,南新志 《变电站综合自动化实时数据库管理系统的研究与开发》 《电力系统及其自动化学报》,2002,14(3):43-46.
[3]黄智勇,《城市防洪泵站计算机监控系统的设计》,《水电自动化与大坝监测》, 2004.1.
[4]吴道虎,张守庭,余洪,《工业 Ethernet 的改进措施及其实际可靠应用案例》,《 世界仪表与自动化》, 2003.1.
[5]徐皑冬,《基于以太网的工业控制网》,《信息与控制》,2000,4.
[6]夏继强,邢春香,《现场总线工业控制网络技术》,《北京航空航天大学出版社》,2005.05
[7]邬宽明,《现场总线技术应用选编》,《北京航空航天大学出版社》,2003
[8]唐济扬,《基于现场总线技术的先进控制系统》,《制造业自动化》,2000.7,31-35
[9]张云生,祝晓红,《网络控制系统》,重庆大学出版社,2003
[10]李正军,《现场总线与工业以太网及其应用系统设计》,北京,人民邮电出版社,2006
[11]习博,方彦军,《嵌入式监测系统中网络通信的研究与实现》,《电力自动化设备》,2004.7.
[12]边宁宁,费敏锐,《一种基于工业以太网的控制系统的设计与实现》,《仪器仪表学报》,2003.8.
[13]成继勋,沈洪远,《广义现场总线标准与工业以太网》,《电气自动化》,2002.24(4),8-11.
[14]缪学勤,《现场总线技术的最新进展》,《自动化仪表》,2000,21(6),1-4
[15]冯晓升,《中国现场总线标准体系的形成与实施》,《世界仪表与自动化(IIAC′2001 论文集)》,2001.9,138-142
[16]夏锋,孙优贤,《工业以太网应用性能分析》,《电气传动》,2004.02,40-43
[17]王荣莉,雷斌,《工业以太网技术的现状与发展》,《自动化博览》,2004,04,63-65
[18]周明,《现场总线控制》,北京,中国电力出版社,2002.
[19]阳宪惠,《现场总线技术及其应用》,北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[20]陈积明,王智,孙优贤,《工业以太网的研究现状及展望》,《化工自动化及仪表》,2001,6
[21]徐皑冬,王宏,杨志家,《基于以太网的工业控制系统网络》.《信息与控制》,2000,2(29),182-186
[22]张臣雄,《全光网络演进的发展》,《现代通信》,2002.4
[23]刘桥,蒋梁中,谢存禧等,《集散控制系统与现场总线控制系统》,《现代电子技术》,2003.13
[24]彭道刚,杨平,杨艳华,《现场总线技术的现状与展望》,《机电一体化》,2004.2
[25]高天云,《现场总线技术及标准化现状》,《中国仪器仪表》,2003.4
[26]冯小倩,郑晓泉,王以田,《XLPE 电缆在线自动绝缘诊断技术研究》,《电工技术杂志》,2004.5
[27]陆志雄,郁诺,《交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘在线检测技术》,《电工技术杂志》,2004.4
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