高速铁路车桥耦合及其应用的研究
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摘要
列车通过桥梁时将引起桥梁结构的振动,而桥梁的振动又反过来影响车辆的振动,这就是车桥耦合振动问题。随着现代列车速度的不断提高,桥梁结构在铁路线路中的大量使用,高速铁路车桥耦合振动问题的研究就变得越来越重要。因此,车桥动力学问题也越来越受到学术界关注,有必要对列车过桥的车桥耦合振动问题进行分析。
本文在对国内外车桥动力相互作用问题的发展历史和研究现状进行综述的基础上,运用车辆、桥梁耦合大系统的思想,建立了车桥耦合三维动力学模型,编制了分析软件,研究了列车对高速铁路桥梁的影响。主要研究内容包括:
1.建立了车桥耦合动力分析模型。将车桥耦合系统分解成三个子系统:车辆子系统、桥梁子系统和轮轨子系统。针对车辆子系统,以具有二系悬挂的四轴车为主要分析对象,将车体、转向架、轮对简化为刚体,建立了车辆空间振动分析模型。针对桥梁子系统,用有限单元法建立了桥梁的动力分析模型,并且用达朗贝尔原理推导了桥梁动力学方程。针对轮轨子系统,介绍了轮轨接触几何关系,详细介绍了针对任意形状的迹线搜索法。求解轮轨间的相互作用力时,垂向处理为Hertz非线性弹性接触,横向则用蠕滑理论求解,并用迭代法来确定轮轨力。
2.介绍了车桥耦合的具体过程,推导了车辆外力和桥梁等效节点力具体形式。推导了求解车桥振动微分方程组的方法——Newmark-β法和Wilson-θ法。介绍了用迭代法求解车辆和桥梁耦合动力学方程的思想和具体过程,本文选用力收敛准则作为终止迭代循环的判据。编制了车—桥动力分析程序并介绍了程序具体实现过程。
3.编制了车桥耦合动力分析软件(TBDCA)的计算核心部分。介绍了软件的结构、功能、以及主要操作界面,并建立了具体车桥模型对软件计算结果进行了验证。
4.简要分析了耦合系统中列车桥上走行性。建立简单模型,研究了列车速度、轨道不平顺幅值、轨道不平顺周期等因素对车桥系统耦合振动响应的影响。
The train running on the bridge can cause the vibration of the bridge and the vibration of the bridge can in turn affect the motion of the train. This is called‘vehicle-bridge coupling vibration’. With the speed of trains increasing and the bridge structure being employed in the high-speed railway, to study the dynamic interaction between trains and bridges becomes more important. Thus, more and more attention is paid to research on vehicle-bridge dynamic analysis and it is necessary to analyze the‘vehicle-bridge coupling vibration’.
Based on the general study of historic and current researches in China and abroad in the field of train-bridge interaction system, using the coupling thought of vehicle and bridge, the dynamic interaction model of the train and high-speed railway bridge is established and the analysis software is programmed in this thesis. Besides, the effects of trains on the high-speed railway bridges are studied. The main content is as following:
1.The dynamic analysis model for vehicle-bridge coupling system is established in this paper. The vehicle-bridge coupling system is divided into three subsystems: the train subsystem, the bridge subsystem and the wheel-track subsystem. For the train subsystem, four-axle rolling stock with two stage suspension is the central object being studied and a space vibration analysis model constituting of such rigid bodies as carriage, bogie frame and wheel is built. The dynamic analysis models are established. For the bridge subsystem, the dynamic analysis model for bridge structures is established, using the finite element method. And the dynamic equations of the bridge structures are derived, using the D’Alembert principle. For the wheel-track subsystem, the detailed geometric relation of contact and the trace method to the arbitrary profile are given in this paper. In the determination of the wheel-rail forces, the vertical interaction is treated by the nonlinear interaction elastic Hertz contact, and the horizontal interaction is treated by the creep theory. The wheel-rail forces are calculated by the iterative procedure.
2.The procedure of the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration is given; the forms of the external force and the equivalent node force of bridge are deduced in this paper. The methods (the Newmark-βmethod and the Wilson-θmethod) which are used to solve the oscillatory differential equations of train and bridge system are deduced in this paper. The dynamic equations of the vehicle and the bridge are solved through the iterative procedure. In this paper, the force-convergence-criterion is selected to end the iterative loop. The train-bridge dynamic analysis program is worked out and the process how the program works is introduced in this paper.
3 . The analysis software for vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system is introduced in this paper. The structure, the function and the interface of the software is introduced in this paper. And the definite train and bridge models are built in this paper in order to text the software
4.The train runnability on the bridge is analyzed concisely. The simple model of vehicle and the bridge is built in order to study the effect of train running speed, the amplitude of the track irregularity and the period of the track irregularity on coupling vibration response of the train- bridge system.
本文在对国内外车桥动力相互作用问题的发展历史和研究现状进行综述的基础上,运用车辆、桥梁耦合大系统的思想,建立了车桥耦合三维动力学模型,编制了分析软件,研究了列车对高速铁路桥梁的影响。主要研究内容包括:
1.建立了车桥耦合动力分析模型。将车桥耦合系统分解成三个子系统:车辆子系统、桥梁子系统和轮轨子系统。针对车辆子系统,以具有二系悬挂的四轴车为主要分析对象,将车体、转向架、轮对简化为刚体,建立了车辆空间振动分析模型。针对桥梁子系统,用有限单元法建立了桥梁的动力分析模型,并且用达朗贝尔原理推导了桥梁动力学方程。针对轮轨子系统,介绍了轮轨接触几何关系,详细介绍了针对任意形状的迹线搜索法。求解轮轨间的相互作用力时,垂向处理为Hertz非线性弹性接触,横向则用蠕滑理论求解,并用迭代法来确定轮轨力。
2.介绍了车桥耦合的具体过程,推导了车辆外力和桥梁等效节点力具体形式。推导了求解车桥振动微分方程组的方法——Newmark-β法和Wilson-θ法。介绍了用迭代法求解车辆和桥梁耦合动力学方程的思想和具体过程,本文选用力收敛准则作为终止迭代循环的判据。编制了车—桥动力分析程序并介绍了程序具体实现过程。
3.编制了车桥耦合动力分析软件(TBDCA)的计算核心部分。介绍了软件的结构、功能、以及主要操作界面,并建立了具体车桥模型对软件计算结果进行了验证。
4.简要分析了耦合系统中列车桥上走行性。建立简单模型,研究了列车速度、轨道不平顺幅值、轨道不平顺周期等因素对车桥系统耦合振动响应的影响。
The train running on the bridge can cause the vibration of the bridge and the vibration of the bridge can in turn affect the motion of the train. This is called‘vehicle-bridge coupling vibration’. With the speed of trains increasing and the bridge structure being employed in the high-speed railway, to study the dynamic interaction between trains and bridges becomes more important. Thus, more and more attention is paid to research on vehicle-bridge dynamic analysis and it is necessary to analyze the‘vehicle-bridge coupling vibration’.
Based on the general study of historic and current researches in China and abroad in the field of train-bridge interaction system, using the coupling thought of vehicle and bridge, the dynamic interaction model of the train and high-speed railway bridge is established and the analysis software is programmed in this thesis. Besides, the effects of trains on the high-speed railway bridges are studied. The main content is as following:
1.The dynamic analysis model for vehicle-bridge coupling system is established in this paper. The vehicle-bridge coupling system is divided into three subsystems: the train subsystem, the bridge subsystem and the wheel-track subsystem. For the train subsystem, four-axle rolling stock with two stage suspension is the central object being studied and a space vibration analysis model constituting of such rigid bodies as carriage, bogie frame and wheel is built. The dynamic analysis models are established. For the bridge subsystem, the dynamic analysis model for bridge structures is established, using the finite element method. And the dynamic equations of the bridge structures are derived, using the D’Alembert principle. For the wheel-track subsystem, the detailed geometric relation of contact and the trace method to the arbitrary profile are given in this paper. In the determination of the wheel-rail forces, the vertical interaction is treated by the nonlinear interaction elastic Hertz contact, and the horizontal interaction is treated by the creep theory. The wheel-rail forces are calculated by the iterative procedure.
2.The procedure of the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration is given; the forms of the external force and the equivalent node force of bridge are deduced in this paper. The methods (the Newmark-βmethod and the Wilson-θmethod) which are used to solve the oscillatory differential equations of train and bridge system are deduced in this paper. The dynamic equations of the vehicle and the bridge are solved through the iterative procedure. In this paper, the force-convergence-criterion is selected to end the iterative loop. The train-bridge dynamic analysis program is worked out and the process how the program works is introduced in this paper.
3 . The analysis software for vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system is introduced in this paper. The structure, the function and the interface of the software is introduced in this paper. And the definite train and bridge models are built in this paper in order to text the software
4.The train runnability on the bridge is analyzed concisely. The simple model of vehicle and the bridge is built in order to study the effect of train running speed, the amplitude of the track irregularity and the period of the track irregularity on coupling vibration response of the train- bridge system.
引文
[1] Klasztorny M. Vertical vibration of a multi-span bridge under a train moving at high speed. In: Proc EURODYN’99. Rotterdam: Balkema; 1999. p. 651–652
[2] Li SL, Wang WD. Dynamic analysis of articulated vehicles considering car-body elasticity. J China Railway Sci 1997; 18(2):77–85
[3] Klasztorny M. Vertical vibration of a multi-span bridge under a train moving at high speed. In: Proc EURODYN’99. Rotterdam: Balkema; 1999. p. 651–652
[4] Li SL, Wang WD. Dynamic analysis of articulated vehicles considering car-body elasticity. J China Railway Sci 1997; 18(2):77–85
[5]高芒芒,高速铁路列车—线路—桥梁耦合振动及列车走行性研究:[博士学位论文],北京;铁道科学研究院,2002
[6]李小珍,高速铁路列车—桥梁系统耦合振动理论及应用研究:[博士学位论文],成都:西南交通大学,2000
[7]蔡成标,高速铁路列车—线路—桥梁耦合振动理论及应用研究:[博士学位论文],成都:西南交通大学,2005
[8]常春伟,高速铁路车—线—桥系统动力分析——桥上列车走行性研究:[博士学位论文],北京;铁道部科学研究院,1997
[9]陈果,车辆—轨道耦合系统随机振动分析:[博士学位论文],成都:西南交通大学,2000
[10]蔡成标,翟婉明,机车—轨道—桥梁垂向耦合动力学分析,西南交通大学学报.1997,32(6).628-632
[11]宁晓骏,高速铁路列车～桥梁～基础空间耦合振动研究:[博士学位论文],成都:西南交通大学,1998
[12]贾允祥,简支梁桥车桥耦合振动基本理论研究:[硕士学位论文],上海:同济大学,2005
[13]曹雪琴,刘必胜,吴鹏贤,桥梁结构动力分析,北京:中国铁道出版社,1987
[14]王福天,车辆系统动力学,北京:中国铁道出版社,1994
[15]詹斐生,机车动力学,北京:中国铁道出版社,1990
[16]严隽耄,车辆工程(第二版),北京:中国铁道出版社,2006
[17]王福天,车辆动力学[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,1994
[18]夏禾,张楠,车辆与结构动力相互作用(第二版),北京:科学出版社,2005
[19]翟婉明,车辆—轨道耦合动力学(第二版),北京:中国铁道出版社,2002
[20]张定贤,机车车辆轨道系统动力学,北京:中国铁道出版补,1996
[21]张卫华,机车车辆运行动态模拟研究:[博士学位论文],成都:西南交通大学,1996
[22]练松良,轨道工程,上海:同济大学出版社,2006
[23]王福天,周劲松,任利惠,用于高速车辆动态仿真的轨道谱分析,铁道学报,2002,24(5):21～27
[24]蒋海波,罗世辉,董仲美,Blackman-Tukey的轨道不平顺数值模拟,中国测试技术,2006,32(4):97～100
[25]刘寅华,李芾,黄运华,轨道不平顺数值模拟方法,交通运输工程学报,2006,6(1):29～33
[26]杨国祯,磨耗形踏面轮轨几何参数,铁道车辆,No.10- 12,1980
[27]严隽,具有任意轮廓形状的轮轨空间几何约束的研究,西南交通大学学报
[28]严隽,王开文,任意形轮轨接触关系的计算,铁道车辆,No.2,1984
[29]王开文,车轮接触点迹线及轮对接触几何参数的计算,西南交通大学学报,No. 1,1984
[30]沈志云,张卫华,金学松,轮轨接触力学研究的最新进展,中国铁道科学,2001,22(2)1:14
[31]夏富杰,詹斐生,张卫华,轮轨几何接触的通解研究,机械工程学报,2000,36(8)51:54
[32]柳拥军,丁莉芬,付秀通,轮轨几何接触数值解法的分析与改进,北方交通大学学报,2003,27(1)21:24
[33]王开云,翟婉明,蔡成标,轮轨型面及系统参数对轮轨空间接触几何关系的影响,2002,40(2)14:18
[34]胡津亚,曾三元,现代随机振动,北京:中国铁道出版社,1989
[35]欧进萍,王光远,结构随机振动,北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[36]刘晶波,杜修力,结构动力学,北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[37]洪锦如,桥梁结构计算力学,上海:同济大学出版社,1998
[38]范立础,桥梁抗震,上海:同济大学出版社,1996
[39]胡人礼,普通桥梁结构振动,北京:中国铁道出版社,1988
[40]胡宗武,工程振动分析基础(修订版),上海:上海交通大学出版社,1999
[41]丁浩江,何福保,谢怡权,徐兴,弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法,北京:机械工业出版社,1989
[42]李忠献,工程结构试验理论与技术,天津:天津大学出版社,2004
[43]王勖成,有限单元法,北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[44]吴鸿庆,任侠,结构有限元分析,北京:中国铁道出版社,2000
[45]刘尔烈,有限单元法及程序设计,天津:天津大学出版社,1999
[46]翟瑞彩,谢伟松,数值分析,天津:天津大学出版社,2001
[47]铁道部标准计量研究所,铁道车辆动力学性能评定和试验鉴定规范,北京:中国标准出版社,1985
[48]铁道部标准计量研究所,铁道机车动力学性能试验鉴定方法及评定标准,北京:中国标准出版社,1993
[2] Li SL, Wang WD. Dynamic analysis of articulated vehicles considering car-body elasticity. J China Railway Sci 1997; 18(2):77–85
[3] Klasztorny M. Vertical vibration of a multi-span bridge under a train moving at high speed. In: Proc EURODYN’99. Rotterdam: Balkema; 1999. p. 651–652
[4] Li SL, Wang WD. Dynamic analysis of articulated vehicles considering car-body elasticity. J China Railway Sci 1997; 18(2):77–85
[5]高芒芒,高速铁路列车—线路—桥梁耦合振动及列车走行性研究:[博士学位论文],北京;铁道科学研究院,2002
[6]李小珍,高速铁路列车—桥梁系统耦合振动理论及应用研究:[博士学位论文],成都:西南交通大学,2000
[7]蔡成标,高速铁路列车—线路—桥梁耦合振动理论及应用研究:[博士学位论文],成都:西南交通大学,2005
[8]常春伟,高速铁路车—线—桥系统动力分析——桥上列车走行性研究:[博士学位论文],北京;铁道部科学研究院,1997
[9]陈果,车辆—轨道耦合系统随机振动分析:[博士学位论文],成都:西南交通大学,2000
[10]蔡成标,翟婉明,机车—轨道—桥梁垂向耦合动力学分析,西南交通大学学报.1997,32(6).628-632
[11]宁晓骏,高速铁路列车～桥梁～基础空间耦合振动研究:[博士学位论文],成都:西南交通大学,1998
[12]贾允祥,简支梁桥车桥耦合振动基本理论研究:[硕士学位论文],上海:同济大学,2005
[13]曹雪琴,刘必胜,吴鹏贤,桥梁结构动力分析,北京:中国铁道出版社,1987
[14]王福天,车辆系统动力学,北京:中国铁道出版社,1994
[15]詹斐生,机车动力学,北京:中国铁道出版社,1990
[16]严隽耄,车辆工程(第二版),北京:中国铁道出版社,2006
[17]王福天,车辆动力学[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,1994
[18]夏禾,张楠,车辆与结构动力相互作用(第二版),北京:科学出版社,2005
[19]翟婉明,车辆—轨道耦合动力学(第二版),北京:中国铁道出版社,2002
[20]张定贤,机车车辆轨道系统动力学,北京:中国铁道出版补,1996
[21]张卫华,机车车辆运行动态模拟研究:[博士学位论文],成都:西南交通大学,1996
[22]练松良,轨道工程,上海:同济大学出版社,2006
[23]王福天,周劲松,任利惠,用于高速车辆动态仿真的轨道谱分析,铁道学报,2002,24(5):21～27
[24]蒋海波,罗世辉,董仲美,Blackman-Tukey的轨道不平顺数值模拟,中国测试技术,2006,32(4):97～100
[25]刘寅华,李芾,黄运华,轨道不平顺数值模拟方法,交通运输工程学报,2006,6(1):29～33
[26]杨国祯,磨耗形踏面轮轨几何参数,铁道车辆,No.10- 12,1980
[27]严隽,具有任意轮廓形状的轮轨空间几何约束的研究,西南交通大学学报
[28]严隽,王开文,任意形轮轨接触关系的计算,铁道车辆,No.2,1984
[29]王开文,车轮接触点迹线及轮对接触几何参数的计算,西南交通大学学报,No. 1,1984
[30]沈志云,张卫华,金学松,轮轨接触力学研究的最新进展,中国铁道科学,2001,22(2)1:14
[31]夏富杰,詹斐生,张卫华,轮轨几何接触的通解研究,机械工程学报,2000,36(8)51:54
[32]柳拥军,丁莉芬,付秀通,轮轨几何接触数值解法的分析与改进,北方交通大学学报,2003,27(1)21:24
[33]王开云,翟婉明,蔡成标,轮轨型面及系统参数对轮轨空间接触几何关系的影响,2002,40(2)14:18
[34]胡津亚,曾三元,现代随机振动,北京:中国铁道出版社,1989
[35]欧进萍,王光远,结构随机振动,北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[36]刘晶波,杜修力,结构动力学,北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[37]洪锦如,桥梁结构计算力学,上海:同济大学出版社,1998
[38]范立础,桥梁抗震,上海:同济大学出版社,1996
[39]胡人礼,普通桥梁结构振动,北京:中国铁道出版社,1988
[40]胡宗武,工程振动分析基础(修订版),上海:上海交通大学出版社,1999
[41]丁浩江,何福保,谢怡权,徐兴,弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法,北京:机械工业出版社,1989
[42]李忠献,工程结构试验理论与技术,天津:天津大学出版社,2004
[43]王勖成,有限单元法,北京:清华大学出版社,2003
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