基于DSP的有源电力滤波器控制系统的设计与研究
摘要
有源电力滤波器能对频率和幅值都变化的谐波进行跟踪补偿，且补偿特性不受电网阻抗的影响，能够实现动态补偿且滤波特性好，在治理电网谐波方面发挥着重要的作用。
本文首先介绍了有源滤波器的原理及结构。并提出了一种基于DSP控制的并联电压型有源电力滤波器的设计方案，重点讨论了系统控制策略和控制系统硬件设计方面的问题。
有源电力滤波器控制有两个关键：谐波电流检测方法和补偿电流控制策略，这也是有源电力滤波器研究的重点。本文采用了基于i_p-i_q的谐波检测方法。通过分析三相三线电压型APF拓扑结构和电流误差与变流器状态之间的关系，采用一种基于无差拍控制的三相电流综合误差最小的控制策略，改善了指令电流的跟踪精度，获得了良好补偿效果。为了验证本文所提算法的正确性和可行性，利用MATLAB仿真软件在多种工况下进行了仿真。
为实现本论文所采用的算法和控制策略，建立了以TMS320F2812和TMS320VC33为核心的高速数字信号处理控制平台。并在此平台基础上设计了系统控制电路，对控制系统的硬件电路设计进行了详细描述。在实验样机上进行了谐波补偿的实验。实际验证了本文提出的谐波检测方法和控制策略的正确性和可行性，基本达到了有源电力滤波器的设计要求。
Active Power can compensate harmonic of which frequency and amplitude is variable and the compensating character is free of infection of the resistance in the electrical network. The good filter character of APF can satisfy the needs of compensation.
The principle and structure of APF is first proposed. And puts forward a design of shunt active power filter based on DSP control, with special attention on the control strategy and hardware design.
Harmonic current detection method and compensation current control strategy are the two key issues to impact the performance of APF. They are also the focus of the study on active power filters.
To realize the control of APF, the thesis use a method of harmonic detection based on i_p-i_q . A deadbeat control strategy which could minimize the overall current error is proposed through the analysis of the topology of the 3-phase 3-wire voltage APF. It improve the tracking precision of reference currents, and good compensation performance is attained consequently. The simulation of APF system based on MATLAB is established and simulation is carried out under various conditions.
To realize the algorithms proposed in the paper and satisfy the requirement of the APF prototype system, Based on the core of TMS320F2812and TMS320FVC33, the high-speed digital signal processing control platform is established. Based on the control platform, the system control circuit is designed, and its hardware design are introduced in detail.
Then the harmonic compensation experiment is realized on the laboratory prototype of APF, The result of the experiment demonstrates the correctness and feasibility of the algorithm.
本文首先介绍了有源滤波器的原理及结构。并提出了一种基于DSP控制的并联电压型有源电力滤波器的设计方案，重点讨论了系统控制策略和控制系统硬件设计方面的问题。
有源电力滤波器控制有两个关键：谐波电流检测方法和补偿电流控制策略，这也是有源电力滤波器研究的重点。本文采用了基于i_p-i_q的谐波检测方法。通过分析三相三线电压型APF拓扑结构和电流误差与变流器状态之间的关系，采用一种基于无差拍控制的三相电流综合误差最小的控制策略，改善了指令电流的跟踪精度，获得了良好补偿效果。为了验证本文所提算法的正确性和可行性，利用MATLAB仿真软件在多种工况下进行了仿真。
为实现本论文所采用的算法和控制策略，建立了以TMS320F2812和TMS320VC33为核心的高速数字信号处理控制平台。并在此平台基础上设计了系统控制电路，对控制系统的硬件电路设计进行了详细描述。在实验样机上进行了谐波补偿的实验。实际验证了本文提出的谐波检测方法和控制策略的正确性和可行性，基本达到了有源电力滤波器的设计要求。
Active Power can compensate harmonic of which frequency and amplitude is variable and the compensating character is free of infection of the resistance in the electrical network. The good filter character of APF can satisfy the needs of compensation.
The principle and structure of APF is first proposed. And puts forward a design of shunt active power filter based on DSP control, with special attention on the control strategy and hardware design.
Harmonic current detection method and compensation current control strategy are the two key issues to impact the performance of APF. They are also the focus of the study on active power filters.
To realize the control of APF, the thesis use a method of harmonic detection based on i_p-i_q . A deadbeat control strategy which could minimize the overall current error is proposed through the analysis of the topology of the 3-phase 3-wire voltage APF. It improve the tracking precision of reference currents, and good compensation performance is attained consequently. The simulation of APF system based on MATLAB is established and simulation is carried out under various conditions.
To realize the algorithms proposed in the paper and satisfy the requirement of the APF prototype system, Based on the core of TMS320F2812and TMS320FVC33, the high-speed digital signal processing control platform is established. Based on the control platform, the system control circuit is designed, and its hardware design are introduced in detail.
Then the harmonic compensation experiment is realized on the laboratory prototype of APF, The result of the experiment demonstrates the correctness and feasibility of the algorithm.
引文
[1] 王兆安，杨君，刘进军．谐波抑制和无功功率补偿．北京：机械工业出版社，1998．
[2] 王兆安，刘进军．电力电子装置谐波抑制及无功补偿技术的进展。《电力电子技术》1997年第1期
[3] 姜齐荣，赵东元，陈建业．有源电力滤波器：结构、原理、控制．科学出版社，2005．9．
[4] 姜齐荣，谢小荣，陈建业．电力系统并联补偿——结构、原理、控制与应用．北京：机械工业出版社，2004．7．
[5] 曾国宏．基于三／单相平衡变换的铁道新型牵引供电系统研究．北京交通大学博士学位论文，2002．11．
[6] 罗安．电网谐波治理和无功补偿技术及装备．北京：中国电力出版社，2006．4．
[7] 肖湘宁，徐永海．电力系统谐波及其治理．中国电力．1998，vol．31．no．4，pp．59-61
[8] 游小杰，李永东，Victor Valouch，郝瑞祥．并联型有源电力滤波器在非理想电源电压下的控制．中国电机工程学报，2004．2．
[9] Rub'en Inzunza, Hirofumi Akagi. A 6.6-kV transformer less shunt hybrid active filter for installation on a power distribution system. PESC'04, the 35~(th) annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Aachen, Germany. 2004, pp. 4630-4636
[10] M. Routimo, M. Salo and H. Tuusa. Wideband harmonic compensation with a voltage-source hybrid active power filter. APEC'04, the 9~(th) Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.2004，vol．1，pp．191-196
[11] 郝瑞祥．基于全数字控制的有源电力滤波器研究．河北工业大学博士论文，2004．
[12] 杨军，王兆安，邱关源．并联型有源电力滤波器直流侧电压的控制[J]．电力电子技术,1996，vol．4，pp．48-50
[13] 丁凯，王允平．并联型有源电力滤波器的研究及其实现．武汉大学博士论文，2003．
[14] 薛蕙，杨仁刚．基于FFT的高精度谐波检测算法．中国电机工程学报．2002，vol．22，no．12，pp．106-110
[15] Ruixiang Hao, Zhiguang Cheng, Xijun Zhang, Lanrong Liu, Xiaojie You. A novel harmonic current detection method and control strategy for active power filter. ICEMS'03, the 6~(th) International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Beijing, China. 2003, pp. 407-410
[16] 杨君．谐波和无功电流检测方法及并联型电力有源滤波器的研究．西安交通大学博士学位论文，1996．
[17] 王云杰 无功与谐波自动补偿装置控制策略的研究及实现 北京交通大学硕士学位，2005
[18] 张佳 基于DSP控制的并联型有源电力滤波器的研究 北京交通大学硕士学位论文，2006
[19] 孙丽敬 基于TMS320F2812的有源电力滤波器控制系统研究 北京交通大学硕士学位论文，2005
[20] B. M. Bird, J. F. Marsh, P. R. Mclellan. Harmonic reduction in multiplex converters by triple-frequency current injection. Proceedings of the IEE, 1969, vol. 116, no. 10, pp. 1730-1734
[21] Jeong S G, Woo M H. DSP-based active power filter with predictive current control[J]. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics. June 1997, 44(3): 329—336
[22] 中国国家标准GB／T 14549-93：电能质量 公用电网谐波．北京：中国标准出版社，1994
[23] 刘进军．王兆安．瞬时无功功率与传统功率理论的统一数学描述及物理意义[J]．电工技术学报．1998，13(6)：6-12
[24] Sasaki H., Machida T. A new method to eliminate ac harmonic currents by magnetic compensation consideration on basic design. IEEE Transactions on app. and syst. 1971, vol. 90, no.5, pp. 2009-2019
[25] Akagi H., Kanazawa Y., Nabae A. Generalized theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits. IEEE & JIEE Proceedings IPEC, Tokyo. 1983, pp. 1375～1386
[26] Atsushi Nakata, Akiteru Ueda, Akihiro Torii. A method of current detection for an active power filter applying moving average to pq-theory. PESC'98, the 29~(th) Power Electronics Specialists Conference. 1998, vol. 1, pp. 242～247
[27] 李民，王兆安，卓放．基于瞬时无功功率理论的高次谐波和无功功率检测．电力电子技术．1992，vol．2，pp．14-17
[28] Farmkh Kamran, Thomas G.Habetler. An improved deadbeat rectifier regulator using a neural net predictor. IEEE Transactions on power electronics. 1995, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 504-510
[29] 张代润，刘红萍．单相有源电力滤波器的滞环控制策略分析．电机与控制学报．1998，vol．2，no．3，pp．153-157
[30] 杨君，王兆安．并联型电力有源滤波器控制方式的研究．西安交通大学学报，1995年，第二十九卷(第三期)．
[31] 卓放，王跃，王兆安．利用双DSP控制技术实现的三相四线制有源电力滤波器．第七届中国电力电子与传动控制学术会议论文集，2001
[32] 李玉梅，马伟明．无差拍控制在串联电力有源滤波器中的应用[J]．电力系统自动化，2001，25(8)：28-30
[33] You Xiaojie, Li Yongdong, Hao Ruixiang, Cheng Zhiguang. A new synchronous frame current reference generation for hybrid active filter and system stability analysis. IECON'03, the 29~(th) Annual Conference on Industrial Electronics Society, USA. 2003, vol. 3, pp. 2011-2016
[34] L. Benchaita, S. Saasate, A. Salemnia. A comparison of voltage source and current shunt active filter by simulation and experimentation. IEEE Transaction on Power System. 1999, vol. 14, no. 2,pp. 642～647
[35] 薛定宇，陈阳泉．基于MATLAB／Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用，2006
[36] 张卫宇．TMS320C28X系列DSP的CPU与外设[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2004
[37] TMS320C3X User's Guide. Texas Instruments, 1997
[38] 张志勇．精通MATLAB6.5．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[39] Texas Instruments. TMS320C2812 Digital Signal Processors Data Manual. Texas Instruments.2005.10.
[40] 苏奎峰，吕强，耿庆锋，陈圣俭．TMS320F2812原理与开发．北京：电子工业出版社，2005．4
[41] 张雄伟，陈亮，徐光辉．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2005．4．
[2] 王兆安，刘进军．电力电子装置谐波抑制及无功补偿技术的进展。《电力电子技术》1997年第1期
[3] 姜齐荣，赵东元，陈建业．有源电力滤波器：结构、原理、控制．科学出版社，2005．9．
[4] 姜齐荣，谢小荣，陈建业．电力系统并联补偿——结构、原理、控制与应用．北京：机械工业出版社，2004．7．
[5] 曾国宏．基于三／单相平衡变换的铁道新型牵引供电系统研究．北京交通大学博士学位论文，2002．11．
[6] 罗安．电网谐波治理和无功补偿技术及装备．北京：中国电力出版社，2006．4．
[7] 肖湘宁，徐永海．电力系统谐波及其治理．中国电力．1998，vol．31．no．4，pp．59-61
[8] 游小杰，李永东，Victor Valouch，郝瑞祥．并联型有源电力滤波器在非理想电源电压下的控制．中国电机工程学报，2004．2．
[9] Rub'en Inzunza, Hirofumi Akagi. A 6.6-kV transformer less shunt hybrid active filter for installation on a power distribution system. PESC'04, the 35~(th) annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Aachen, Germany. 2004, pp. 4630-4636
[10] M. Routimo, M. Salo and H. Tuusa. Wideband harmonic compensation with a voltage-source hybrid active power filter. APEC'04, the 9~(th) Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.2004，vol．1，pp．191-196
[11] 郝瑞祥．基于全数字控制的有源电力滤波器研究．河北工业大学博士论文，2004．
[12] 杨军，王兆安，邱关源．并联型有源电力滤波器直流侧电压的控制[J]．电力电子技术,1996，vol．4，pp．48-50
[13] 丁凯，王允平．并联型有源电力滤波器的研究及其实现．武汉大学博士论文，2003．
[14] 薛蕙，杨仁刚．基于FFT的高精度谐波检测算法．中国电机工程学报．2002，vol．22，no．12，pp．106-110
[15] Ruixiang Hao, Zhiguang Cheng, Xijun Zhang, Lanrong Liu, Xiaojie You. A novel harmonic current detection method and control strategy for active power filter. ICEMS'03, the 6~(th) International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Beijing, China. 2003, pp. 407-410
[16] 杨君．谐波和无功电流检测方法及并联型电力有源滤波器的研究．西安交通大学博士学位论文，1996．
[17] 王云杰 无功与谐波自动补偿装置控制策略的研究及实现 北京交通大学硕士学位，2005
[18] 张佳 基于DSP控制的并联型有源电力滤波器的研究 北京交通大学硕士学位论文，2006
[19] 孙丽敬 基于TMS320F2812的有源电力滤波器控制系统研究 北京交通大学硕士学位论文，2005
[20] B. M. Bird, J. F. Marsh, P. R. Mclellan. Harmonic reduction in multiplex converters by triple-frequency current injection. Proceedings of the IEE, 1969, vol. 116, no. 10, pp. 1730-1734
[21] Jeong S G, Woo M H. DSP-based active power filter with predictive current control[J]. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics. June 1997, 44(3): 329—336
[22] 中国国家标准GB／T 14549-93：电能质量 公用电网谐波．北京：中国标准出版社，1994
[23] 刘进军．王兆安．瞬时无功功率与传统功率理论的统一数学描述及物理意义[J]．电工技术学报．1998，13(6)：6-12
[24] Sasaki H., Machida T. A new method to eliminate ac harmonic currents by magnetic compensation consideration on basic design. IEEE Transactions on app. and syst. 1971, vol. 90, no.5, pp. 2009-2019
[25] Akagi H., Kanazawa Y., Nabae A. Generalized theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits. IEEE & JIEE Proceedings IPEC, Tokyo. 1983, pp. 1375～1386
[26] Atsushi Nakata, Akiteru Ueda, Akihiro Torii. A method of current detection for an active power filter applying moving average to pq-theory. PESC'98, the 29~(th) Power Electronics Specialists Conference. 1998, vol. 1, pp. 242～247
[27] 李民，王兆安，卓放．基于瞬时无功功率理论的高次谐波和无功功率检测．电力电子技术．1992，vol．2，pp．14-17
[28] Farmkh Kamran, Thomas G.Habetler. An improved deadbeat rectifier regulator using a neural net predictor. IEEE Transactions on power electronics. 1995, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 504-510
[29] 张代润，刘红萍．单相有源电力滤波器的滞环控制策略分析．电机与控制学报．1998，vol．2，no．3，pp．153-157
[30] 杨君，王兆安．并联型电力有源滤波器控制方式的研究．西安交通大学学报，1995年，第二十九卷(第三期)．
[31] 卓放，王跃，王兆安．利用双DSP控制技术实现的三相四线制有源电力滤波器．第七届中国电力电子与传动控制学术会议论文集，2001
[32] 李玉梅，马伟明．无差拍控制在串联电力有源滤波器中的应用[J]．电力系统自动化，2001，25(8)：28-30
[33] You Xiaojie, Li Yongdong, Hao Ruixiang, Cheng Zhiguang. A new synchronous frame current reference generation for hybrid active filter and system stability analysis. IECON'03, the 29~(th) Annual Conference on Industrial Electronics Society, USA. 2003, vol. 3, pp. 2011-2016
[34] L. Benchaita, S. Saasate, A. Salemnia. A comparison of voltage source and current shunt active filter by simulation and experimentation. IEEE Transaction on Power System. 1999, vol. 14, no. 2,pp. 642～647
[35] 薛定宇，陈阳泉．基于MATLAB／Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用，2006
[36] 张卫宇．TMS320C28X系列DSP的CPU与外设[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2004
[37] TMS320C3X User's Guide. Texas Instruments, 1997
[38] 张志勇．精通MATLAB6.5．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[39] Texas Instruments. TMS320C2812 Digital Signal Processors Data Manual. Texas Instruments.2005.10.
[40] 苏奎峰，吕强，耿庆锋，陈圣俭．TMS320F2812原理与开发．北京：电子工业出版社，2005．4
[41] 张雄伟，陈亮，徐光辉．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2005．4．
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