为什么要重提“灵魂转世”?——论恩斯特·布洛赫对历史哲学的重构

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• 英文论文题名：Why to Put Forward the Conception of“Transmigration of Souls” Again?——On Ernst Bloch's Reconstruction of Marxist Philosophy of History
• 论文作者：张双利
• 英文论文作者：Zhang ; Shuangli
• 年：2016
• 作者机构：复旦大学哲学院;
• 论文关键词：灵魂 ; 死亡 ; 永恒 ; 灵魂转世 ; 人的历史
• 英文论文关键词：soul ; death ; eternity ; transmigration of souls ; human history
• 会议召开时间：2016-08-01
• 会议录名称：基督教思想评论（总第二十一辑）
• 英文会议录名称：Regent Review of Christian Thoughts
• 语种：中文
• 分类号：K01
• 学会代码：ZJWH
• 学会名称：宗教文化出版社
• 页数：20
• 文件大小：1016k
• 原文格式：O

摘要

本文主要依据布洛赫的《乌托邦的精神》考察其关于"灵魂转世"的思想。文章指出,面对着"欧洲文明的危机",布洛赫重新追问人与动物之间的根本区别,并重提灵魂的概念。通过对"灵魂转世"概念的阐发,布洛赫明确地回答了人的历史何以可能。"灵魂转世"不仅意味着我们通过对死亡的超越而达到永恒,而且意味着世界通过我们的"灵魂转世"被包容进人的历史,成为人的历史的实体性内容。在归根结底的意义上,灵魂转世意味着命运被掌管在我们的手中,我们通过灵魂转世而参与历史的生成。布洛赫之所以要重提"灵魂转世"的概念,是为了回应马克思主义历史哲学的内在缺陷。他力图借助该概念把马克思主义的历史哲学从以黑格尔的历史哲学为代表的"泛神论"的阴影中解脱出来。
This article is mainly about Ernst Bloch' s theory of " transmigration of souls",which was developed in his The Spirit of Utopia.Facing "the crisis of the European civilization",Bloch asked about the essential differentiation between humans and animals again.And it was just in this context that he put forward again the concept of soul.Through the explication of the meaning of "transmigration of souls",he tried to provide the direct answer to the question about how human history have been possible. "Transmigration of souls" means not only that we are arriving at eternity via the transcendence of death,but also that the world itself is being embraced into human history as its substantive content.In the final analysis,transmigration of souls means that destiny itself has been grasped in our own hands and that we are participating in the genesis of history.The reason for Bloch to put forward the conception of "transmigration of souls" again in this secularized world is to effectively respond to the inherent limitation of the Marxist philosophy of history.While noticing that the Marxist philosophy of history has been strongly influenced by Hegel' s "pantheism",he tried to free it from this influence through the introduction of the conception of "transmigration of souls".

引文

[1]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.233.
    [1]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.233.
    [2]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.234.
    [3]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.234.
    [1]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.234.
    [1]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,pp.246-247.
    [1]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.248.
    [2]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,pp.256-257.
    [1]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.249.
    [1]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,pp.252-253.布洛赫在著作中认为这段话出自谢林,但该著的英译者却在注释中指出,这段话的原始出处是《约翰福音》12:25。
    [2]转引自Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.253.
    [1]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.255.
    [1]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.255.
    [2]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,pp.255-256.
    [1]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,pp.260-261.
    [2]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.261.
    [1]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.262.
    [1]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.263.
    [1]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.264.
    [2]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.264.
    [3]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.264.
    [1]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,p.266.
    [1]Ernst Bloch,The Spirit of Utopia,trans.Anthony Nassar,Meridian,2000,pp.241-242.